矿产资源勘查取得重要突破

正2011年以来,全省地质工作者紧紧围绕推进地质找矿新机制、实现"358"宏伟目标,全面实施"6139"行动计划,不断深化地质找矿改革发展大讨论成果,稳步推进整装勘查,实现找矿重大突破,努力推动地勘单位改革,促进地质勘查行业健康有序发展。找矿突破战略行动顺利实施国务院办公厅颁布《找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011~2020年)》后,《河南省地质找矿行动计划(2010~2015年)》     

四部委联合下发通知全面总结评估找矿突破战略行动纲要实施情况

近日,自然资源部、国家发展和改革委员会、科学技术部、财政部联合下发通知,开展全国《找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011—2020年)》实施情况总结评估工作,全面总结和评估2011年国务院批准实施《找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011—2020年)》以来的目标任务完成情况和组织实施情况,谋划下一步地质找矿工作。     

四部委联合下发通知 全面总结评估找矿突破战略行动纲要实施情况

正近日,自然资源部、国家发展和改革委员会、科学技术部、财政部联合下发通知,开展全国《找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011—2020年)》实施情况总结评估工作,全面总结和评估2011年国务院批准实施《找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011—2020年)》以来的目标任务完成情况和组织实施情况,谋划下一步地质找矿工作。通知指出,2011年,国务院批准实施《找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011—2020年)》以来,在党中央、国务院坚强领导下,自然资源部、发展改革委、科技部、财政部密切配合、强力推进,地方各级党委政府高度重视、大力支持,矿业企业、地勘单位和科研院所积极参与,地质找矿取得了一系列重大成果。     

我省找矿突破战略行动五年成绩斐然 第三阶段工作实施方案出台,找矿目标确定

正2011年,国务院办公厅发布《找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011-2020年)》以来,在省委、省政府和国土资源部的正确领导下,在省直有关部门的协同配合下,全省地质工作者持续深化地质找矿机制创新,积极搭建多元化投资平台,不断加强地勘队伍和找矿能力建设,大力推进整装勘查与深部找矿,找矿突破战略行动进展顺利,取得了一批重大找矿成果,超额完成第二阶段工作目标。一、我省找矿突破战略行动先行先试     

山东铜井、金场地区水系沉积物测量地球化学特征及找矿方向

该文对铜井、金场地区水系沉积物18种元素进行了研究,结合工作区成矿地质条件,共圈出8个综合异常。对综合异常进行查证,新发现多处多金属矿(化)点和矿化线索,其中9处金矿(化)点和矿化线索,验证水系沉积物地球化学测量在该区具有较好的找矿效果。在综合异常分析和查证的基础上,结合区域成矿地质条件、区内矿产地质特征,圈定出3处找矿远景区。分别为金场—铜井一带金、铜、铁、汞、银找矿远景区、金佛院铬、铜找矿远景区和青杨行—孔家湖一带铜、铅、锌找矿远景区,为该区下一步找矿工作指明了方向。     

中国陆区区域成矿作用的同向性

如何推进危机矿山的深部外围找矿,在什么方向(位)上找矿,不仅存在方法问题,同时也是找矿的哲学思想问题。从“就矿找矿”的思路出发,研究区域成矿作用的同向性,成矿液体的运移方向是有规律可遁的。     

胶东上庄金矿床深部找矿信息综合研究

近年来,深部找矿研究已成为矿产勘查学中备受关注的研究课题之一。受目前矿产勘查理论与技术水平的限制,深部找矿工作中有效找矿信息难获取、难识别,并且所获取信息可靠性低、多解性强;由于深部矿化特征与浅部矿化特征又往往存在较大的差异,致使浅部有效的找矿信息难以直接运用于深部矿的探测中。这些因素导致目前深部找矿工作的不确定性强,风险性大。通过对上庄金矿床的地质信息(包括:控矿断裂构造信息、控矿岩浆岩信息)、矿化信息(包括:矿物学信息、围岩蚀变信息、地球化学信息、地球物理信息)等方面的综合研究,并将有关成果应用于上庄金矿床的深部找矿工作中,发现了焦家带Ⅰ号矿体,取得了显著的找矿效果。     

统筹协调 创新管理 推进找矿突破 提高保障能力——四部委联合召开找矿突破战略行动动员部署电视电话会议

日前,经国务院批准,国土资源部、国家发展改革委、科技部、财政部在京联合召开找矿突破战略行动动员部署电视电话会议,传达学习贯彻中央领导关于加强地质找矿工作的重要指示精神,动员和部署实施找矿突破战略行动。国土资源部党组成员、副部长汪民主持会议并宣读了《国务院办公厅关于转发国土资源部等部门找矿突破战略行动纲要(2011-2020年)的通知》。国土资源部部     

关于地质找矿工作有关问题的思考

一、改革开放以来,地质找矿工作实现了根本性改变 新中国成立60年来,我省地质找矿工作取得了巨大成就,为经济社会发展作出了重大贡献,提供了一大批矿产资源基地,积累了海量地质找矿信息资料.改革开放30年来,伴随着省地质局、省地质矿产局、到省地质矿产厅(地矿部浙江地质勘查开发局)、再到省国土资源厅(省地质勘查局管理的地勘单位属地化)的管理体制变迁,凭借着改革开放的强劲东风,我省地质找矿工作改革得到前所未有的探索和推进.     

探讨规律创新思路实现深部找矿重大突破

本次地质找矿改革发展大讨论(简称大讨论)之目的,是实现地质找矿重大突破,即找到重要矿种超大型矿床。要达到此目的,就是要按科学发展观办事,也就是要按找矿规律,特别是要按深部找矿新规律办事。     

长江三角洲城市群热环境安全格局及土地利用变化影响研究

城市化进程的加快对区域热环境具有重要影响,热环境的改变会引发一系列生态环境问题,科学地评价城市群热环境安全对于城市发展的规划布局和建设舒适的人居环境具有重要意义。本文利用多期MODIS地表温度数据产品,在构建热环境安全等级分级标准的基础上,对长江三角洲城市群热环境安全格局时空变化特征和土地利用变化的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：① 2015年长江三角洲城市群热环境不安全区域多分布于城市建成区及建成区周围,以南京、上海、杭州和宁波等城市形成的“Z”型区域最明显,临界安全区域多分布于郊区,较安全区域集中分布于长江以北平原区域,安全区域则主要分布于杭州及杭州以南山地、丘陵区,太湖大部分区域以及长江三角洲城市群北部区域;② 2005-2015年长江三角洲城市群热环境不安全区域、临界安全区域、较安全区域和安全区域分别呈现扩张、小幅增长、缩减和先缩减后扩张趋势;③ 土地利用结构中建设用地比例过高和林地比例过低是导致热环境安全等级下降的主要原因,其次,建设用地侵占大量耕地也是导致热环境不安全区域扩张的主要原因。     

Ecological vulnerability analysis of Tibetan towns with tourism-based economy: a case study of the Bayi District

This paper provides a generalizable mode for the ecological vulnerability evaluation for tourism planning and development in high mountain areas. The Bayi District located in southeastern Tibet is taken as a typical town to study the conflict between the protection of natural ecological environment and the exploitation of tourism resources. Based on the Sensitivity-Recovery-Pressure (SRP) framework, a set of vulnerability evaluation systems for plateau tourism regions were developed. The spatial principal component analysis (SPCA), remote sensing and GIS technologies were integrated to apply for spatial quantification of evaluation index system. The ecological vulnerability of the Bayi District was divided into five levels: potential, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme, and our results showed that significantly severe and extreme vulnerability areas were mainly distributed throughout the southwestern and central northern alpine pasture and glacial zones. Potential and mild vulnerability areas were mainly distributed in the vicinity of the Yarlung Zangbo River tributary basin. Then three tourism development and environmental protection zones were classified and appropriate measures for the protection were proposed. It also provides a reference for the spatial distribution of a range of areas that require different protection measures according to ecological vulnerability classification.     

The characteristics and vertical zone spectrum of natural disasters in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang

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Analysis on poverty in mountain areas based on off-farm industries

This paper reveals that agricultural growth trend in China is strongly correlated with the growth of off-farm industries-the curve of net income from off-farm industries reflects the general characteristics of net income of households. That means the increase of net income of farm households is chiefly from off-farm industries,more than from agriculture. The authors therefore conclude that the “poverty“ in mountain areas or the gap between mountain areas and plain areas lies in the underdevelopment of off-farm industries in mountain areas. Finally, the authors make suggestions of strategic adjustment of economic structure: 1) present situation of mountain areas in China should be fully considered; 2) a full industrial system is not our desire; 3) advantageous industries should be promoted to create famous products; 4) industrialization and urbanization in mountain areas should be promoted and so on.     

Degradation of a protected mountain area by tourist traffic: case study of the Tatra National Park,Poland

Mountain protected areas are characterized by high biodiversity, which makes it a great challenge for managers to maintain a balance between their use and the stability of natural ecosystems. Maintaining that balance is particularly difficult in areas with high tourism pressure. The expected volume of tourist traffic should be considered at the planning stage of the tourist infrastructure development process. Insufficient capacity of tourist infrastructure can lead to environmental degradation, which is hard, or at times impossible, to repair. In our research, we identified patterns of tourist footpath and road functioning in an environmentally protected area with high volumes of tourist traffic. Data from geomorphologic mapping was analyzed in order to identify tourist footpath and road structures in the Tatra National Park(TNP). Fieldwork was conducted in several stages between 1995 and 2019. Orthophotomaps from the years 1977, 2009, 2017 and 2019 were used to identify and compare degraded zones along selected tourist footpaths. Degraded zones were defined as areas surrounding a footpath or tourist road with a mean width larger than or equal to 10 meters, with heavily damaged or completely removed vegetation and exposed, weathered cover, where geomorphic processes that would not take place under normal conditions are readily observable. The examined tourist footpaths and roads vary in terms of their morphometric parameters. Research has shown important differences between mean and maximum footpath width as well as maximum incision depth for the forest zone versus the subalpine and alpine zones. A lack of differences in these parameters was noted between the alpine and subalpine zones. Research has shown that an increase in the surface area of degraded zones found adjacent to tourist footpaths occurred in all the studied geo-ecological zones in the study period. However, the largest increase occurred atop wide ridgelines found in the alpine zone. Degraded zones may be an indication of exceeding the tourist carrying capacity of a mountain tourist area. Mass tourism in TNP contributes to the formation of degraded zones adjacent to footpaths, whose continuous evolution may lead to irreversible changes in local relief.     

黔桂喀斯特山地与山区类型划分技术与应用

科学界定山地和山区类型是认识山地、因地制宜促进山区可持续发展的基础,可为山区分类开发、分类施策提供依据。本文采用均值变点法确定滑动窗口尺寸,运用空间分析工具对SRTM进行处理以获取山地坡度、起伏度,并提取了黔桂喀斯特各类山地空间范围和规模,以此对县级层面黔桂喀斯特山区类型进行了划分。主要结论如下：①二次使用均值变点法确定移动窗口面积与平均地形起伏度拟合的对数曲线拐点,其表征的是黔桂喀斯特山区地形起伏度最佳统计单元—移动窗口面积为6.50 km²。②黔桂喀斯特山地占比大,山地与非山地面积之比约为89:11,且山地省际空间分异明显,贵州喀斯特山地以中山、中低山为主,占贵州部分的57%;而广西喀斯特山地以丘陵为主,占广西部分的59%。③黔桂喀斯特山地区均为山区县,其中,18个纯丘陵县、10个半山区县、15个准山区县、21个显山区县、32个整山区县。整山区县个数多,多分布于乌蒙山区和黔桂峰丛洼地山区,多数为国家扶贫开发工作重点县。     

中国历史山洪灾害分布特征研究

中国山洪灾害发生频繁,区域分布差异性明显且难以预报,关于山洪灾害分布特征的研究对于山洪灾害预警、山洪灾害防治区规划等具有重要意义。本文以历史山洪灾害点为基础数据,以6个一级地貌大区（东部平原低山丘陵大区（Ⅰ）、东南低山丘陵平原大区（Ⅱ）、华北-内蒙东中山高原大区（Ⅲ）、西北高中山盆地高原大区（Ⅳ）、西南中低山高原盆地大区（Ⅴ）、青藏高原高山极高山盆地谷地大区（Ⅵ））为基本分析单元,统计对比不同地貌区域内山洪灾害数目、密度,并进一步分析山洪灾害随高程、高程标准差以及50年一遇6 h雨量（H6-50）的分布情况,从而获得中国历史山洪灾害的主要分布特征。结果表明：山洪灾害集中分布于东南低山丘陵平原大区及西南中低山高原盆地大区,占全国山洪灾害的60%左右。6 h雨量（H6-50）处于240~280 mm区域山洪灾害密度最大。高程标准差小于30 m区域山洪灾害密度较大。东南低山丘陵平原大区高程处于10~50 m间,高程标准差小于30 m,雨量（H6-50）在150~270 mm间地区山洪灾害密度较大;西南中低山高原盆地大区山洪灾害集中分布于高程600 m以下,高程标准差小于50 m,雨量（H6-50）大于120 mm地区。以地貌区划结果为基本分析单元相对于行政界线而言更有助于分析山洪灾害分布特征。     

Impacts of Norwegian large carnivore management strategy on national grazing sector

Increasing populations of large carnivores are leading to tension and conflicts with livestock production, a situation that potentially might escalate.In Norway the objective of the large carnivore policy is two-folded: to ensure viable carnivore populations and to secure a sustainable grazing industry. The main instrument is zonation, with carnivore management zones(CMZs) prioritized for reproduction of the large carnivore species separated from other areas prioritized for grazing livestock. The objective of this paper is to describe current knowledge about the impact of the zoning management strategy on the grazing industry. This is done by documenting status and changes in sheep production, losses of livestock to predating carnivores,and the use of grazing areas inside and outside the CMZs. CMZs offering protection for lynx, wolverine,bear and wolf cover 55% of the Norwegian mainland.30% of the sheep and 50% of the Sami reindeer grazing areas are found inside the CMZs. Livestock(semi-domestic reindeer excluded) is using 59% of the available natural pasture areas outside the CMZs, but only 26% inside the CMZs. The lowest use of availablegrazing areas was found inside zones for wolves(12%)and brown bears(6%). Livestock in these zones are confined to fenced enclosures, mostly on the farm itself, or moved to pastures outside the management zone for summer grazing. Livestock losses increased in the affected regions during the period when carnivores were reestablished. Later, losses declined when CMZs were established and mitigation efforts were implemented in these zones. The bulk of sheep and reindeer killed by carnivores are now found in boundary areas within 50 km off the CMZs, where sheep are still grazing on open mountain and forest ranges. Therefore, instruments to protect livestock in areas close to the CMZs are also needed. The number of sheep declined inside the CMZs from 1999 to 2014,but increased outside the zones. The reduction in the absolute number of sheep in the CMZs is balanced by a similar increase outside, thus the total sheep production in Norway is maintained. We conclude that although of little consequence for the total food production in Norway, the economic and social impact of the large carnivore management strategy can be serious for local communities and individual farmers who are affected. There is a need for more exact carnivore population monitoring to quantify the carnivore pressure, better documentation of reindeer losses, and a clearer and stricter practicing of thezoning strategy. Increased involvement of social sciences is important in order to understand the human dimension of the carnivore conflicts.     

Geographical differences and influencing factors of rural energy consumption in Southwest mountain areas in China: A case study of Zhaotong City

China is a mountainous country,and Southwest mountain areas cover the most mountain areas in China and have the most serious problems.Taking Zhaotong city as the study area,based on 902 rural household questionnaires of 11 villages in 2 counties and Tobit model,this paper analyzes the geographical differences and influencing factors of energy consumption for non-production purposes of rural households living in different terrain conditions.This research finds that:(1) Coal takes up the main part of energy consumption in valley areas and coal consumption is mainly affected by per capita cultivated land area,household income,proportion of rural household energy expenditure in total expenditure,coal price,and family population size.Firewood takes up the main part of energy consumption in high mountain areas and firewood consumption is mainly affected by per capita firewood forest area,distance to purchase coal,household income,electricity price,and coal price.(2) Only when the distance is greater than 20 kilometers,that is the average distance of rural households living in middle mountain areas(1,600m~1,800m) to purchase coal,the transportation condition has a significant impact on coal consumption.(3) In high mountain areas,prices of coal and electricity are the main factors influencing energy consumption choice of rural households.Too high prices of coal and electricity would to some extent lead rural households to choose firewood as the main energy consumption type.Compared to coal,rural households prefer to choose electricity.     

The “Valley Economy” Model of Regional Development: A Case Study of Mountain Areas in Beijing,Northern China

A case study is presented of a regional development model for valley economies in the mountain areas of Beijing, China. The nature and framework of the valley economy model are described and the development of the model, which is specific to the mountain areas of Beijing, is analyzed. Five different valley economy models applied in the Beijing mountain areas are compared. The major purpose of the valley economy model is to develop the regional economy, including the selection of appropriate industries, the allocation of industrial space, the establishment of supply chains and the integration of various industries. Pilot experiments using the valley economy model have been conducted in seven counties（districts） in Beijing： Pinggu, Huairou, Changping, Mentougou, and Fangshan districts, and Yanqing and Miyun counties. Five models for developing the Beijing mountain areas have been explored, including： creative cultural industries, characteristic industry clusters, the promotion of large tourist areas, natural scenic tourism and folk cultural tourism. Each model has its own unique features and potential to help in the regional development of mountain areas.