冀北红旗营子杂岩的锆石、独居石年代学及地质意义

较为详细的SHRIMP、LA-ICPMS锆石U-pb年代学和独居石电子探针Th-U-b化学法定年揭示，隆化-山地块的石英闪长质片麻岩和石榴黑云二长花岗质片麻岩分别形成于2484Ma和2180Ma，同时存在3164～2553Ma的锆石记录和约1854Ma的变质改造事件；细粒二长花岗岩形成于413Ma，独居石内核记录了约628Ma的继承年龄。凤山-宁地块的钾长花岗质糜棱片麻岩、角闪黑云石英闪长质片麻岩和黑云母二长花岗岩分别形成于1876Ma、1838Ma和1810Ma，其中存在2042-1904Ma的捕获锆石，遭受了1756Ma、1694Ma和313．5Ma的多期改造，其中晚古生代的构造-浆-质事件的改造尤为强烈。赤城-礼地块的角闪黑云花岗闪长质片麻岩分别形成于2535Ma和2529-2480Ma，石榴英云闪长质片麻岩和石榴黑云斜长变粒岩分别形成于1871Ma和1841Ma，发现有约2602Ma的继承锆石，并记录了从古元古代到晚古生代多阶段的改造事件，尤其清楚地记录了343-320Ma的地质事件。结合前人的年代学资料，综合分析上述地质年代学的特征，认为红旗营子杂岩从东到西可能由不同来源的微陆块组成，这些微陆块都经历了晚古生代的构造-岩浆-变质事件，可能在古生代晚期才与华北克拉通北缘拼贴。     

秦岭—祁连结合部陇山构造带 地质演化探讨——早古生代晚期花岗岩和中基性包裹体地球化学 和独居石、锆石U- Pb年龄证据

本文对秦岭—祁连结合部陇山构造带内部侵入于陇山岩群中的片麻状二长花岗岩和其中的黑云斜长片麻岩包裹体进行了地球化学和独居石、锆石U-Pb年代学研究。片麻状二长花岗岩具有I型花岗岩的地球化学特征,对其进行的LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb测年获得年龄433.5?1.8 Ma,锆石U-Pb测年获得了三个主峰年龄（439.5 Ma、634.5 Ma和2265 Ma）和五个次级峰值年龄（568.7 Ma、1875 Ma、2112 Ma、2604 Ma和2738 Ma）。黑云斜长片麻岩的地球化学特征反映其原岩是经历过显著的结晶分异作用的中基性岩,在其中分选出了两类锆石：（1）环带清晰且经受了热液蚀变的岩浆锆石,对其U-Pb测年获得了一条很好的不一致线,不一致线的上、下交点年龄分别是2194?42 Ma和431.2?58.1 Ma;（2）CL图像整体很暗的变质锆石或热液蚀变锆石,在这类锆石中获得了峰值年龄513.1 Ma。结合区域地质资料,本文把片麻状二长花岗岩的形成时间限定为431.2-439.5 Ma,把黑云斜长片麻岩原岩的形成时间限定为2194?42 Ma。片麻状二长花岗岩与文献揭示的围岩（斜长角闪片岩）的形成时间基本一致,暗示431.2-439.5 Ma期间陇山地区大量发育中基性和酸性岩浆活动,岩浆作用具有显著的地区差异特点。北祁连洋盆和北秦岭西段洋盆向北的俯冲活动在513.1 Ma时可能影响到了本文研究区。2738 Ma、2604 Ma、2112 Ma-2265 Ma和1875 Ma等峰值年龄分别应该是华北克拉通在新太古代晚期的陆壳生长事件和古元古代早期克拉通裂解事件在研究区的反映。634.5 Ma期间研究区可能处于一种未知的特别的构造环境。总体来看,陇山构造带在前寒武纪时作为华北地块的一部分而演化,显生宙以来其构造演化过程受到秦岭造山带和北祁连造山带的显著影响。     

秦岭—祁连结合部陇山构造带地质演化探讨——早古生代晚期花岗岩和中基性包裹体地球化学和独居石、锆石U- Pb年龄证据

笔者等对秦岭—祁连结合部陇山构造带内部侵入于陇山岩群中的片麻状二长花岗岩和其中的黑云斜长片麻岩包裹体进行了地球化学和独居石、锆石U-Pb年代学研究。片麻状二长花岗岩具有I型花岗岩的地球化学特征,对其进行的LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb测年获得年龄433.5±1.8 Ma,锆石U-Pb测年获得了3个主峰年龄(439.5 Ma、634.5 Ma和2265 Ma)和5个次级峰值年龄(568.7 Ma、1875 Ma、2112 Ma、2604 Ma和2738 Ma)。黑云斜长片麻岩的地球化学特征反映其原岩是经历过显著的结晶分异作用的中基性岩,在其中分选出了两类锆石：(1)环带清晰且经受了热液蚀变的岩浆锆石,对其U-Pb测年获得了一条很好的不一致线,不一致线的上、下交点年龄分别是2194±42 Ma和431.2±58.1 Ma;(2)CL图像整体很暗的变质锆石或热液蚀变锆石,在这类锆石中获得了峰值年龄513.1 Ma。结合区域地质资料,笔者等把片麻状二长花岗岩的形成时间限定为431.2～439.5 Ma,把黑云斜长片麻岩原岩的形成时间限定为2194±42 Ma。片麻状二长花岗岩与文献揭示的围岩...     

内蒙古白云鄂博地区晚古生代闪长质-花岗质岩石年代学框架及其地质意义

华北克拉通北缘的内蒙古白云鄂博地区分布着由辉长岩、辉长闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩及钾长花岗岩等基性-中酸性-碱性花岗岩组成的闪长质-花岗质杂岩体,它们曾被认为是泥盆纪至侏罗纪多期次侵位的产物,而新的年代学资料揭示这些侵入体都是在晚古生代形成的.白云鄂博地区15件不同岩性的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明,其侵位年龄具有很好的一致性,仅发生在263～281Ma狭窄时间段内,峰期年龄269Ma.这表明白云鄂博矿床的形成与这些闪长质-花岗质岩石的侵入活动没有直接的成因联系,也为重新认识华北克拉通北缘晚古生代构造环境及演化史提供了新的年代学资料.     

内蒙古土牧尔台地区黑云母二长花岗岩及其暗色包体的成因及构造意义

内蒙古中部土牧尔台地区位于华北克拉通北缘,区内广泛发育黑云母二长花岗岩及暗色闪长岩包体,绝大多数包体与寄主岩石呈渐变过渡的接触关系.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,寄主岩石年龄为273 ～ 271Ma,包体年龄为268±2Ma,两者均形成于早-中二叠世.其中,寄主岩石具有高钾钙碱性、弱过铝质、高分异Ⅰ型花...     

内蒙古凉城蛮汗山石榴石二长花岗岩LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及成因讨论

内蒙古凉城地区的石榴石二长花岗岩20世纪70年代初1∶20万区域地质调查时归入太古代早期侵入岩(γ11(2)),岩石定名为中粗粒似斑状花岗岩,称蛮汗山岩体。1∶25万区调将其划分为弱片麻状石榴二长花岗岩、弱片麻状变斑状含黑云石榴二长花岗岩等不同地质单元。为进一步研究该石榴石花岗岩的形成时代,本文对弱片麻状变斑状含黑云石榴二长花岗岩中锆石进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb测年研究,获得其U-Pb年龄值(1933.3±9.8)Ma,为石榴石二长花岗岩原岩的形成年龄。岩石化学、地球化学分析表明该石榴石二长花岗岩为新太古界孔兹岩系部分熔融的产物,为强过铝S型花岗岩。结合已有的年龄数据推断,1900~2000 Ma(古元古代中期)华北克拉通曾发生过大规模的构造岩浆热事件。     

河北丰宁撒岱沟门钼矿床成岩成矿年代学及成矿岩体地球化学特征

撒岱沟门钼矿床是位于华北克拉通北缘的一个大型斑岩型钼矿床。前人获得的成矿岩体的年龄与成矿年龄差别较大, 为此本研究对矿区内不同特征的花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb测年和与辉钼矿伴生的白云母40Ar/39Ar测年, 并对这些岩石开展了岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学测试, 以及成矿岩体磷灰石EPMA主量元素成分测试, 旨在进一步厘定成矿岩体, 以便加深对成岩成矿演化过程的认识。结果表明: 撒岱沟门钼矿白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为(237±2) Ma, 与赋矿白色黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄(240±1) Ma和前人获得的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄在误差范围内一致, 成岩成矿作用发生在中三叠世, 而赋矿的另外一种岩体, 即红色黑云母二长花岗岩的年龄为(248±1) Ma, 说明其是成矿前的侵入体。赋矿红色和白色黑云母二长花岗岩均为高硅、富碱、富钾的I型花岗岩, 属于准铝质到弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性至钾玄岩系列, 并在Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成上显示同源特征, 表明其主要来源于古元古代壳源物质的部分熔融, 与华北克拉通2.3~1.9 Ga的构造演化密切相关。成矿岩体中的岩浆磷灰石具高F、低Cl特征, 反映F在撒岱沟门钼矿的形成过程中扮演了重要角色。     

南祁连拉脊山构造带早古生代岩浆混合作用:以马场岩体为例

拉脊山构造带位于南祁连构造带北缘,发育大量早古生代岩浆岩.其南缘马场岩体主要由黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成,花岗闪长岩中发育大量的镁铁质微粒包体.黑云母花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和镁铁质包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为467±7Ma、468±6Ma、466±6Ma.黑云母花岗岩具有低K2O/Na2O (0.28～0...     

华北克拉通北缘张家口-宣化地区古生代-中生代岩浆构造活动与成矿作用

河北省张家口-宣化地区(张宣地区)位于华北克拉通北缘中段,区内自显生宙以来构造活动频繁,并产出大量岩浆岩和金矿床,是研究华北克拉通北缘岩浆-构造-成矿演化体系的重要对象.本文通过对张宣地区的水泉沟正长岩、响水沟似斑状花岗岩、井儿洼粗安岩-英安岩、象山花岗闪长岩、青羊沟黑云母二长花岗岩和张家口组流纹岩的锆石年龄、Lu-H...     

内蒙古达茂旗花岗岩类LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

对内蒙古达茂旗北部构造单元的巴特敖包岛弧带2个花岗闪长岩岩体样品和南部构造单元一个花岗岩岩体的2件样品进行了LA—ICP-MS锆石u—Pb定年。北部构造单元采自2个花岗闪长岩岩体的样品锆石^206Pb／^238U年龄分别为468Ma±2Ma和452Ma±2Ma,代表了这2个岩体的侵位时间,表明古亚洲洋向华北克拉通之下俯冲不晚于468Ma±2Ma;南部构造单元采自同一花岗岩岩体的2件样品获得的锆石~pb／z38U年龄分别为268Ma±2Ma和264Ma±2Ma,和该单元西部岩体已有的锆石年龄相符。这为华北克拉通北缘岩浆作用研究提供了新的年代学证据。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the