黄河上游夏季流量对气候变化的响应及未来趋势预估

本文从气候变化的角度出发, 研究黄河上游龙羊峡水库夏季流量与流域气候条件的响应关系及流量预估模型, 并根据区域气候模式输出数据降尺度生成的未来气候情景, 对未来龙羊峡夏季水库流量进行了预估。结果表明:近35 年来, 黄河上游夏季气温升高、蒸发增大, 降水略有减少;黄河上游龙羊峡水库平均入库流量呈递减趋势, 夏季流量对流域降水量、平均最高气温及最低气温的响应显著;未来两个时期(2020s、2030s)龙羊峡夏季流量均较基准期(1988-2010 年)减少, 但在不同气候变化情景下流量变化有所差异, 其中A2 情景下夏季平均流量分别减少23.9%(2020s)和19.8%(2030s), B2 情景下分别减少14.4%(2030s)和17.3%(2030s), 据此, 未来气候变化对黄河上游流域夏季流量的可能影响将弊大于利, 但仍具有较大不确定性。     

大型人工湖气候效应观测研究——以密云水库为例

应用近5 a自动气象站观测资料,分析了华北地区最大人工湖——密云水库的局地气候效应。结果表明：① 密云水库库区相比于附近平原地带具有气温偏低、湿度偏高、风速偏弱、降水量偏大等特点。水库对区域气候的影响范围约在10 km内,离水库越近的地方,受影响越大。② 密云水库的气候效应主要体现在夏半年,尤以气温和降水最为明显。③ 水库南、北两侧受到的局地环流的影响具有明显的差异,库区东西方向的年平均局地风速约为0.14 m/s,南北方向约为 0.10 m/s。下垫面属性的热力差异及特殊地形条件使得密云水库附近同时存在山谷风和湖陆风现象,其叠加效应是导致区域内不同位置间气象要素出现季节性及日变化差异的主要原因。     

岷江上游山地森林生态气候效应

为探讨岷江上游地区山地气候特征及森林生态气候效应,利用岷江上游南、北坡林内外的小气候观测资料,对该地区南、北坡向山地的太阳辐射、气温(1．5m)、地表温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速等小气候特征及森林生态气候效应进行了比较分析,探讨了其分布规律以及彼此间的内在联系。结果表明：不同坡向,不同季节,各山地气候要素分布存在区别;而山地森林具有较显著的生态气候效应,可以降低气温和地表温,增加湿度,减小风速,其生态效应在不同季节和不同坡向存在差异;通过林内、外气象要素的回归分析,得知：林内外的气象要素除4月风速之外,大多数气象要素存在显著的林内外相关关系;其中,以气温和相对湿度的相关性最好。     

龙羊峡库区土地资源的可持续利用

黄河上游的龙羊峡水利枢纽位于青海省共和盆地 ,盆地内以高寒干旱为主要特征的气候导致这里的生物—土地系统较为脆弱。近年来 ,随着人口的增加 ,对土地的掠夺式利用日甚 ,生态环境恶化有加重的趋势。共和盆地各种环境问题集中分布于龙羊峡库区。库区内土地沙漠化、草场退化、水土流失等环境问题与当地农牧民的贫因、草场超牧、滥采滥樵相互影响 ,成一恶性循环机制 ,严重影响着龙羊峡水库的正常运营及其下游地区的安全 ,制约着龙羊峡水库周边民族地区经济的可持续发展。利用国家自然科学基金项目“龙羊峡库区环境遥感动态监测系统”中所获近十年来龙羊峡库区环境恶化的有关证据 ,用持续发展的观点 ,对龙羊峡库区土地资源的持续利用提出了一些见解 ,认为库区生态环境治理和保护是当前区内经济发展的最迫切要求 ,文章中所提的土地可持续利用原则皆围绕此而进行     

三峡水库蓄水前后库区及周边区域降水变化及其影响因素北大核心CSCD

本文利用三峡库区及周边地区共21个气象站点1955—2019年的器测气候资料,结合西南地区气候驱动因子(北极涛动指数AO、北大西洋涛动指数NAO、西南季风指数SWM、东南季风指数SEM、暖季均温WST)系统分析研究区65a来的降水特征及影响因素,对比了三峡水库2003年蓄水前后局地降水的变化并评估三峡水库修建对降水的影响。结果表明:SWM主要影响研究区夏秋季降水;SEM和WST主要影响研究区夏季降水;AO对研究区降水的影响集中在冷季;NAO对研究区降水的影响不显著。SWM、SEM、WST与降水存在较显著的1~4a短共振周期,而NAO与AO以7~11a的共振周期为主。库区西北部的年降水量在2003年存在突变现象,腹地和南部地区的年降水量无此突变,而前述气候驱动因子在蓄水当年均无突变,表明气候驱动因子不是导致近库区降水突变的原因。三峡库区蓄水可能直接或间接导致近库区西北部的年降水量明显增加,主要是2月、5—7月降水显著增加(P<0.05),3月、8—10月不显著增加(P>0.05),其原因可能是升温引起的更多的局地蒸发水汽被季风转移至西北部,导致西北部的降水量增加。水库蓄水后,腹地在8月、10月、12月降水量显著减少(P<0.05),南部在8月降水量显著减少(P<0.05),其可能的原因是水库蓄水后缓冲昼夜温差,增加水面大气下沉,抑制水面对流活动,从而抑制研究区腹地和南部形成降水。基于气候驱动因子和月降水的多元线性回归模型表明:三峡水库蓄水后,西北部的年降水比无水库的情形显著增加13.2%(P<0.05);腹地、南部的年降水比无水库的情形分别增加0.1%和减少1.5%,但均不显著(P>0.05)。总的来说,三峡水库蓄水对降水存在局地效应,其长期影响还需要进一步评估。     

基于COSI-Corr技术的龙羊峡库区1987—2019年风沙输移特征及潜在入库量估算

风沙活动威胁着龙羊峡水库的安全运营,查清沙害来源和入库量对于防治水患和沙害具有重要意义。基于1987、1995、2003、2013、2019年的Landsat卫星影像,利用COSI-Corr技术监测了龙羊峡库区不同时空的沙丘移动特征,并重新评估库区近32 a的潜在风沙入库量。结果显示：（1）1987—2019年龙羊峡库区沙丘平均移动速率为5.81 m·a^-1,呈先加速（1987—2003年）后减速（2003—2013年）再加速（2013—2019年）趋势;沙丘移动方向在132.81°—165.82°范围内,与该区主风向一致。（2）近32 a向龙羊峡水库输送的潜在风沙量可达7.82×10⁷ m3（1.20×10⁸ t）。上风向塔拉滩潜在输送量为7.38×10⁷ m3（1.14×10⁸ t）,下风向木格滩仅贡献了0.44×10⁷ m3（0.68×10⁷ t）。（3）库区内风沙输移受风况、气候、植被等多种因素的影响,在未来全球变暖条件下,青藏高原的风沙活动将会持续发展,风沙入库量的长期累计效应将对水库安全构成严重威胁,必须引起足够重视。     

近30 a龙羊峡水库周边地区沙漠化遥感监测

 在RS和GIS支持下,选取4期遥感数据,采用室内解译和野外检验修正的方法,获得龙羊峡水库周边地区不同时期土地沙漠化数据库。结果显示,在过去30 a中,龙羊峡水库周边地区土地的沙漠化在时间上经历了一般发展到正在逆转两个阶段; 2000年以后,极重度沙漠化土地和重度沙漠化土地变化最为明显,均呈现逆转趋势,其中极重度沙漠化逆转为其他类型的总面积为145.90 km2,重度沙漠化土地逆转为中度沙漠化面积为146.44 km2; 在沙漠化土地的空间分布上,过去30 a里,沙漠化土地主要集中分布在龙羊峡两岸的塔拉滩和木格滩地区; 研究区内沙漠化的逆转主要是由重度和极重度沙漠化土地转变为中度和轻度沙漠化土地。1975—1989年,研究区的降水呈增加趋势,但是由于这一时期人为因素的影响,沙漠化呈不断加剧的态势; 1989—2000年,研究区的气候趋向于暖干化,加上过度放牧等人为因素,重度和极重度沙漠化土地持续发展; 2000年以后,研究区的气候趋向于暖湿化,政府实施了一系列生态环境保护、恢复计划,沙化土地呈现逆转的态势。     

基于降雨的昆明水库蓄水模式分析及风险研究

根据昆明国家基准气候站1988~2017年的降雨资料,以昆明松华坝水库为例,运用统计、比较等方法,通过分析降雨时空分布特征、蓄水地理环境特征等因素,将昆明水库蓄水模式分为雨季降雨最佳蓄水模式、干旱背景蓄水模式、局地强降雨蓄水模式、秋季连阴雨降雨蓄水模式和冬季降雨降雪蓄水模式5种;从降雨强度、降雨历时、降雨范围3个方面对降雨蓄水风险进行评估,得出昆明由于降雨引发的蓄水风险相对小,蓄水较为安全;昆明可通过开展常态化人工增雨,增加库塘蓄水,同时加强生态环境建设,保护蓄水环境。     

黄河上游水电工程对局地气候的影响

本文阐述了黄河上游段水电工程概况，并以刘家峡和龙羊峡水库为主对库周各站建加前后各５年或１０年的气象资料进行了对比分析，揭示了水库对周围地区各气候因子影响程度。     

北京城市通风廊道研究I: 环境效应模拟

采用耦合城市冠层模式UCM的中尺度气象模式WRF,利用北京市高分辨率地表类型、城市建筑及通风廊道规划方案等资料,针对2019年冬季和夏季各开展了为期 1个月的百米尺度高分辨率敏感性模拟试验,并应用自动气象站网观测数据进行了验证。模拟试验结果表明：引入通风廊道后气象要素差异不仅限于廊道区,而是在整个研究区域都有体现。模拟的地面风速明显增大,热岛强度减弱,风的平流效应导致热岛范围发生偏移。引入廊道后北京城区月平均气温下降了0.14~0.17℃,平均风速及相对湿度分别增加了0.32~0.36 m/s和2.02%~3.37%。表明通风廊道对于改善城市密集区的风热环境,提高气候舒适性是有效的,背景风速越大,通风廊道的缓解效应越明显。气象要素差异的日变化分布显示,通风廊道对白天气象要素的影响要大于夜间。进一步分析显示,通风廊道对局地气象要素的影响主要来自于风速增大的平流效应及下垫面湍流通量改善两方面的贡献。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,