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1.
Rashid Umar 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(6):969-978
A detailed hydrogeological investigation was carried out in parts of the Central Ganga Plain, India, with the objective of assessing the aquifer framework and its resource potential. The area was studied because of its dual hydrogeological situation, that is water logging and soil salinization in the canal command areas and depletion of aquifers in the western part of the basin. A comprehensive investigation of the aquifer system between the Ganga River and Kali River revealed its lateral and vertical dimensions and hydrogeological characteristics. Moreover, study of the groundwater occurrences, movements and behaviour, in terms of water level fluctuation with time and space, confirms the coexistence of over exploitation as well as water logging in the area.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at
Resumen Una investigación hidrogeológica detallada se llevó a cabo en partes de la Llanura de Ganga Central, India, con el objetivo de evaluar la estructura del acuífero y su potencial del recurso. El área fue estudiada por su doble situación hidrogeológica, es decir la saturación con agua y salinización de suelos en las áreas dominadas por el canal y vaciamiento de acuíferos en el la parte occidental de la cuenca. Una investigación completa del sistema acuífero entre el Río Ganga y el Río Kali, reveló sus dimensiones verticales y laterales y las características hidrogeológicas. Además, los estudios sobre la ocurrencia del agua subterránea, sus movimientos y comportamiento, en lo que se refiere al nivel de agua, y a su fluctuación en el tiempo y el espacio, confirma la co-existencia en el área de sobre- explotación así como de saturación con agua.
Résumé L'objectif de cette étude hydrogéologique détaillée de portions de la Plaine Centrale du Gange est de déreminer la structure aquifère et la ressource potentielle. L'intérêt de la zone repose sur sa dualité du point de vue hydrogéologique, les zones influencées par le canal présentent une remontée de la nappe avec une salinisation des sols, la portion Ouest du bassin présente une baisse du niveau des aquifères. Par cette étude, le système aquifère compris entre la rivière du Gange et la rivière Kali révèle ses dimensions latérales et verticales ainsi que ses caractéristiques hydrogéologiques. De plus, l'étude des événements, des mouvements et du régime hydrogéologique affectant le niveau phréatique confirme la co-existence de surexploitation et de saturation des sols dans la région.相似文献
2.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment of the SW Trans-Danubian Central Range, Hungary 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
The most important karst water reservoir of Hungary is found in the SW Trans-Danubian Central Range, selected as test area
for the proposed "system approach" and the application of GIS/ARC-INFO to vulnerability mapping. In addition, a case-study
exemplifies the particularities of regional karst-aquifer vulnerability, and moreover the interpretation of data and maps
from the very same point of view. The work has resulted in plotting an atlas to be a useful tool in the hands of land-users
and waste-disposal managers, helping them to prevent groundwater deterioration.
Received: 22 July 1996 · Accepted: 12 September 1997 相似文献
3.
Monsoon rain causes large scale sediment-water movement and reworking of sediments of the Ganga Plain which is one of the
largest fluvial systems on Earth. Geomorphology and drainage type combined with sedimentation processes play a substantial
role on dispersion and transport patterns of metals bound to sediments and soils. The study area of Kanpur-Unnao industrial
region in the Ganga Plain has been divided into five independent geochemical domains on the basis of sediment-geomorphic,
hydrological and geochemical characters. The monsoon hydrography and physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity) of the
river and urban drain waters play a prominent role in regulating the concentrations and behaviour of the metals in the aquatic
system of the Ganga Plain. Values of pH and specific electrical conductivity of the river water of the study area decrease
whereas those of the urban drain water increase in post-monsoon period. The monsoon rain reduces the contents of Co, C-org,
Cr, Fe and Ni and enhances the contents of Cd, Sn and Zn in sediments of post-monsoon period. In soils, it reduces the contents
of Al, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni and enhances the contents of Cd, Sn and Zn in the post-monsoon period. These changes in concentrations
vary from metal to metal and from one geochemical domain to the other. An increase in the concentrations of few metals in
the soils from pre- to post-monsoon periods indicates that these metals were mobilized from the overflooding of metal rich
waste-water onto the fields during high water stage and also by reworking of the soils through sheet floods during the monsoon
time. Despite the changes in concentrations, metal dispersion patterns in each domain remain similar both in pre- and post-monsoon
periods which indicate that the geochemical and sediment-geomorphic processes operating for the metal dispersion and mobilization
in sediments are persistent even after large scale sediment-water movement and reworking of the sediments during the monsoon
period.
Received: 4 May 1998 · Accepted: 20 October 1998 相似文献
4.
The Ganga Plain is one of the most densely populated regions and one of the largest groundwater repositories of the Earth.
For several decades, the drainage basin of the Ganga Plain has been used for the disposal of domestic and industrial wastes
which has adversely affected the quality of water, sediments and agricultural soils of the plain. The concentrations of Al,
Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn and organic carbon were determined in river sediments and soils of the Ganga Plain
in the Kanpur-Unnao industrial region in 1994 and 1995 (pre-monsoon period of April–May). High contents (maximum values) of
C-org (12.0 wt. %), Cr (3.40 wt. %), Sn (1.92 wt. %), Zn (4000 mg/kg), Pb (646 mg/kg), Cu (408 mg/kg), Ni (502 mg/kg) and
Cd (9.8 mg/kg) in sediments (<20 μm fraction); and C-org (5.9 wt. %), Cr (2.16 wt. %), Sn (1.21 wt %), Zn (975 mg/kg) and
Ni (482 mg/kg) in soils (<20 μm) in the pre-monsoon period of 1994 were found. From 1994 to 1995 the contents of Fe and Sn
in sediments increase whereas those of C-org, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn decrease. Considering the analytical errors, Al, Co, Cr, Mn
and Pb do not show any change in their concentrations. In soils, the contents of Cd, Fe and Sn increase whereas those of Ni
decrease from 1994 to 1995. Aluminium, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn do not show any change in their concentrations from 1994
to 1995. About 90% of the contents of Cd, Cr and Sn; 50–75% of C-org, Cu and Zn; and 25% of Co, Ni and Pb in sediments are
derived from the anthropogenic input in relation to the natural background values, whereas in soils this is the case for about
90% of Cr and Sn; about 75% of Cd; and about 25% of C-org, Cu, Ni and Zn. The sediments of the study area show enrichment
factors of 23.6 for Cr, 14.7 for Cd, 12.2 for Sn, 3.6 for C-org, 3.2 for Zn, 2.6 for Cu and 1.6 for Ni. The soils are enriched
with factors of 10.7 for Cr, 9.0 for Sn, 3.6 for Cd, 1.8 for Ni and 1.5 for Cu and Zn, respectively.
Received: 3 March 1998 · Accepted: 15 June 1998 相似文献
5.
Ruslan Melian Nicolai Myrlian Alexander Gouriev Constantin Moraru Frank Radstake 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(2):188-196
This paper describes the results of a groundwater quality assessment conducted in two pilot areas, Balatina and Carpineni,
in the Republic of Moldova. Shallow groundwater is the main source of drinking water in rural areas, but reliable data on
its quality are currently insufficient for developing rural water-supply systems with standard designs. The main components
of the study included a field sampling program (including pesticides), an evaluation of the reliability of existing drinking-water
data, an analysis of land use and groundwater-pollution risks using GIS, and the formulation of recommendations to reduce
risks for public health.
Microbiological, nitrate, and selenium contamination are most serious in the villages. These contaminants should be given
priority in addressing drinking-water aspects for rural water-supply development in the two pilot areas. Pollution occurs
mainly due to poor sanitary conditions. In a few shallow wells, traces of selected pesticides were observed, but the effect
of these levels of pesticides on public health is still unclear.
Limited resources of shallow groundwater of good quality occur outside the villages. Additional pilot studies should be implemented
to prove the technical and institutional feasibility of developing and protecting these resources.
Received, September 1997 Revised, September 1998 Accepted, March 1999 相似文献
6.
Groundwater quality in the Niva River basin, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study was made to assess the groundwater quality in relation to agricultural and domestic uses in a part of the Peninsular
Archean granite and gneissic complex of India. Water samples were collected from the existing wells in the Niva River basin,
Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India and analysed for major ions. The analytical data, processed and interpreted acoording
to the WHO standards, reveal that, in general, the groundwater is suitable for both agricultural and domestic uses, exept
in a few locations. High concentration of nitrates were observed in some of the wells (both agricultural and domestic) that
are affected by the impact of industrial effluents. Multiple regression analysis was performed and used as a positive predictive
tool in understanding the chemistry of the groundwater.
Received: 2 May 1996 / Accepted: 14 October 1996 相似文献
7.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(3):101365
The study evaluated the sources and controlling factors of the groundwater contaminants in an agroeconomic region of Lower Ganga Basin using principal component analysis (PCA), multivariable linear regressions (MLR), correlation analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis, and evaluated the public health risks using the Latin Hypercube Sampling, goodness-of-fit statistics, Monte Carlo simulation and Sobol sensitivity analysis based on the 1000 samples collected in two sampling cycles (N = 1000). The study reveals that the dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals and semi-arid climate regulate the fluoride concentrations (0.10–18.25 mg/L) in groundwater. Extensive application of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers and livestock manure mainly contributed to elevated nitrate levels (up to 435.0 mg/L) in groundwater. The health risks analysis indicates that fluoride exposure is more prevalent in the residents of each age group than the nitrate and both contaminants exhibited higher non-carcinogenic health risks on the infant and child (minor) age groups compared to adolescents and adults. Based on the cokriging interpolation mapping, the minor residents of 17.88%–23.15% of the total area (4545.0 km2) are vulnerable to methemoglobinemia whereas the residents of all age-groups in 38.47%–44.45% of the total area are susceptible to mild to severe dental/skeletal fluorosis owing to consumption of untreated nitrate and fluoride enriched groundwater. The Sobol sensitivity indices revealed contaminant levels, groundwater intake rate and their collective effects are the most influential factors to pose potential health risks on the residents. Artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting practices should be adopted to improve the groundwater quality and the residents are advised to drink purified groundwater. 相似文献
8.
U. K. Shukla 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(2):443-459
The Piedmont Zone of the Indo-Gangetic Plain contains numerous, laterally coalescing small alluvial fans. The Latest Pleistocene–Holocene
30 km long Gaula Fan can be divided into gravelly proximal fan (0–14 km down-stream), gravel-sand rich mid fan (14–22 km)
and sand–mud dominated distal fan (22–30 km). The fan succession is composed of two fan expansion cycles A and B. Separated
by an undulatory erosional contact of regional extent, cycle A is characterized by river borne clast-supported gravelly deposits,
and the overlying fan expansion cycle B by matrix-supported gravely debris flows. The main process behind fan development
has been lateral migration of channels over the fan surface probably due to rapid sedimentation caused by increased sediment
supply, and the fluctuating water budget in response to changing climate. The water laid expansion cycle A represents a humid
phase. The debris flow deposits of expansion cycle B suggest a dry phase. Approximately between 8 and 3 Ka, cycle B also indicates
a phase of tectonic instability in the Siwalik Hills forming the mountain front. The tectonic activity caused incision of
rivers into the fan surface, and in turn resulted in reduced fan-building activity. At present the fan surface is accreting
by sheet flow processes. 相似文献
9.
S.K. Acharyya 《Gondwana Research》2005,8(1):55-66
Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Ganga Alluvial Plain and the Bengal Basin have influenced arsenic contamination of groundwater. Arsenic contaminated aquifers are pervasive within lowland organic rich, clayey deltaic sediments in the Bengal Basin and locally within similar facies in narrow, entrenched river valleys within the Ganga Alluvial Plain. These were mainly deposited during early-mid Holocene sea level rise. Arsenic was transported from disseminated sources as adsorbed on dispersed phases of hydrated-iron-oxide. These were preferentially entrapped as sediment coatings on organic-rich, fine-grained deltaic and floodplain sediments. Arsenic was released later to groundwater mainly by reductive dissolution of hydrated-iron-oxide and corresponding oxidation of sediment organic matter. Strong reducing nature of groundwater in the Bengal Basin and parts of affected middle Ganga floodplains is indicated by high concentration of dissolved iron (maximum 9-35 mg/l). Groundwater being virtually stagnant under these settings, released arsenic accumulates and contaminates groundwater. The upland terraces in the Bengal Basin and in the Central Ganga Alluvial Plain, made up of the Pleistocene sediments are free of arsenic contamination in groundwater. These sediments are weakly oxidised in nature and associated groundwater is mildly reducing in general with low concentration of iron (<1 mg/l), and thus incapable to release arsenic. These sediments are also flushed free of arsenic, released if any, by groundwater flow due to high hydraulic head, because of their initial low-stand setting and later upland terraced position. 相似文献
10.
A field study was conducted to assess variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water of the springs located within
the boundary of a Central Himalayan town where the springwater is used for drinking purposes. Monitoring of 12 springs was
carried out for three seasons (winter, summer and monsoon). The results indicate direct influence of unplanned sewage disposal
on the springwater quality as reflected by significant regional variations in the concentration of nitrates, chlorides, sulfates,
sulfides and electrical conductivity. Population density varies within the town from 3110 to 14 137 persons/km–2 and has direct relationship with water quality. Springs located in the densely populated area had higher concentrations of
all these compounds. Concentrations of nitrates up to 60 ppm were observed in some springs, making water unsuitable for human
consumption. No significant changes were observed in springwater quality during different seasons.
Received: 3 February 1995 · Accepted: 27 February 1996 相似文献
11.
A regional geochemical and mineralogical study aimed at investigating the mineralization in the western-part of the Walawe Ganga (river) Basin in Sri Lanka is represented in this paper. The river basin is the 3rd largest in the country and has within it a boundary zone between two geologically different crustal blocks, which are marked by granulitic grade rocks and amphibolite grade rocks. Size fractions of stream sediments (< 63 μm; 63–125 μm; 125–177 μm and 177–250 μm) developed on the granulite-grade metamorphic terrain have been analysed at their source for their mineralogical and selected element compositions. Thirty-eight (38) sediment samples and 15 representative probable parent rock samples were chemically analysed giving special emphasis to the High Field Strength trace Elements (HFSE) including the Rare Earth Elements (REE). The granulite grade rocks in the study area is geochemically similar to that of post Archean upper crust. However the stream sediments developed from the high-grade rocks during the intense weathering, are markedly enriched with HFSE and REE. The enrichment of HFSE and LREE is accounted for by the presence of HFSE- and REE- rich accessory mineral phases such as zircon, monazite, apatite, garnet and rutile in the sediments. In some samples, the content of heavy minerals contributes as much as 50 wt. %. These minerals act as a source of elements in the sediments. However, extreme hydraulic sorting of HFSE- and REE-bearing minerals during the sediment deposition cannot be expected within a short distance from near the sources except from a mineralized occurrence. Therefore, the higher enrichment of these elements presumably indicates occurrences of scattered mineral sources such as highly differentiated granites and associated pegmatites within the Walawe Ganga drainage basin. These granitic pegmatites are probably intruded during or soon after the main granulite-facies metamorphic event and similar events are seen in other terrains of East-Gondwana. 相似文献
12.
Analyses of 126 samples collected from 18 dug wells in the shallow basaltic aquifer over a period of 7 months have revealed
spatial as well as temporal changes in the chemical properties of groundwater. While the temporal changes have been attributed
to dilution and concentration phenomena governed by climatic factors, the spatial variations in the geochemical characteristics
of groundwater appeared to be related to pollution due to effluents from the Mula Sugar Factory. The cause of groundwater
pollution is the effluent carried by a stream flowing through the area. Fluctuations in the groundwater table, influent water
quality character of the stream, less capacity to accommodate large volume of effluent and occurrence of zero base flow (under
natural conditions) in the stream are the factors favoring infiltration of constituents of waste water into the underlying
weathered basaltic aquifer. Pollutants have entered into the shallow aquifer by downward percolation through the zone of aeration
to form a recharge mound at the water table and, further, lateral movement below the water table. The plume of polluted groundwater
has a lateral extent of a few meters in the upstream area and more than 400 m on either side of the stream in the downstream
part. The zone of polluted groundwater has an areal extent of more than 3.5 km2. Groundwater is the only source available for drinking and agricultural purposes. It is recommended that the base of the
lagoons and the stream used for release of plant effluent should be waterproofed for the protection of groundwater in the
Sonai area.
Received: 30 April 1997 · Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
13.
G. J. Chakrapani 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(2):189-201
Chemical weathering and resulting water compositions in the upper Ganga river in the Himalayas were studied. For the first time, temporal and spatial sampling for a 1 year period (monthly intervals) was carried out and analyzed for dissolved major elements, trace elements, Rare Earth Elements (REE), and strontium isotopic compositions. Amounts of physical and chemical loads show large seasonal variations and the overall physical load dominates over chemical load by a factor of more than three. The dominant physical weathering is also reflected in high quartz and illite/mica contents in suspended sediments. Large seasonal variations also occur in major elemental concentrations. The water type is categorized as HCO3––SO42––Ca2+ dominant, which constitute >60% of the total water composition. On an average, only about 5–12% of HCO3– is derived from silicate lithology, indicating the predominance of carbonate lithology in water chemistry in the head waters of the Ganga river. More than 80% Na+ and K+ are derived from silicate lithology. The silicate lithology is responsible for the release of low Sr with extremely radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86 Sr>0.75) in Bhagirathi at Devprayag. However, there is evidence for other end-member lithologies for Sr other than carbonate and silicate lithology. Trace elements concentrations do not indicate any pollution, although presence of arsenic could be a cause for concern. High uranium mobilization from silicate rocks is also observed. The REE is much less compared to other major world rivers such as the Amazon, perhaps because in the present study, only samples filtered through <0.2 m were analysed. Negative Eu anomalies in suspended sediments is due to the excess carbonate rock weathering in the source area. 相似文献
14.
Munendra Singh 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(6):664-671
The Yamuna River sediments, collected from Delhi and Agra urban centres, were analysed for concentration and distribution
of nine heavy metals by means of atomic adsorption spectrometry. Total metal contents varied in the following ranges (in mg/kg):
Cr (157–817), Mn (515–1015), Fe (28,700–45,300), Co(11.7–28.4), Ni (40–538), Cu (40–1204), Zn (107–1974), Pb (22–856) and
Cd (0.50–114.8). The degree of metal enrichment was compared with the average shale concentration and shows exceptionally
high values for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in both urban centres. In the total heavy metal concentration, anthropogenic input
contains 70% Cr, 74% Cu, 59% Zn, 46% Pb, 90% Cd in Delhi and 61% Cr, 23% Ni, 71% Cu, 72% Zn, 63% Pb, 94% Cd in Agra. A significant
correlation was observed between increasing Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu concentrations with increasing total sediment carbon and total
sediment sulfur content. Based on the Müller's geoaccumulation index, the quality of the river sediments can be regarded as
being moderately polluted to very highly polluted with Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the Delhi and Agra urban centres. The
present sediment analysis, therefore, plays an important role in environmental measures for the Yamuna River and the planning
of these city centres.
Received: 21 June 1999 · Accepted: 1 October 1999 相似文献
15.
Groundwater pollution due to discharge of industrial effluents in Venkatapuram area, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hindustan Polymers Limited was established in the Venkatapuram area in the northwestern part of Visakhapatnam urban agglomeration.
Untreated industrial effluent from the plant is discharged with total dissolved solids concentrations reaching up to 6500 mg/l.
The groundwater pollution was identified as early as 1981 and a hydrogeologic and water-quality database is available from
1981. The groundwater quality in the plant environs is found to be in the range of 3500–4500 mg/l. Major chemical constituents
of industrial-waste waters consist of Na, Cl, and SO4. Some characteristic parameters of the aquifer were estimated. The available hydrogeologic and hydrologic data was analyzed
to conceptualize the groundwater regime. A mathematical groundwater flow model was constructed to compute the hydraulic head
at the center of finite-difference grid. The computed head distribution and effective porosity of the formations were used
to calculate the groundwater flow velocity. The computed velocity field was ultimately used to prognose the pollutant migration
in groundwater accounting for the advection and dispersion processes in the mass transport model and for determining the time-dependent
pathlines of pollutant. Areal migration of pollutants from the source was predicted up to year 2002.
Received: 23 December 1996 · Accepted: 9 September 1997 相似文献
16.
Simulation of chloride migration rates in Paleo Pennar Delta Region, Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Quaternary alluvial aquifers in the paleo Pennar delta region of Andhra Pradesh (Long. 80°0′ and 80°12′; Lat. 14°40′ and
14°20′) constitute an important coastal strip, with potential fresh groundwater resources and several well fields in operation.
The lineament patterns and traces of paleo channels provide basic information on the configuration and boundaries of paleo
delta and the possible neotectonic movements in the region. The paleo delta region is essentially characterized by freshwater
aquifer systems at the near-surface depths, (up to 50 m from ground level) with transmissivity values in the system ranging
from 1200 to 2500 m2/day. This groundwater system has been subjected to heavy draft situation over the last two decades, parlicularly near the
outer rim of the delta where an unlined brackish-water canal runs parallel to the coast imparting chloride contamination to
the adjoining fresh aquifers. A two-dimensional solute transport model solution was applied to assess chloride migration rates
inland under different hydraulic stresses, combining finite difference solution of flow equation and the method of characteristic
solution of solute transport equation. Groundwater flow and chloride migration patterns/rates were obtained for different
simulated stress events in the delta system, and measures required to protect the freshwater resources ara outlined.
Received: 2 January 1997 · Accepted: 4 November 1997 相似文献
17.
The total amount of groundwater resources in the middle and upper Odra River basin is 5200×103 m3/d, or about 7.7% of the disposable groundwater resources of Poland. The average modulus of groundwater resources is about
1.4 L/s/km2. Of the 180 'Major Groundwater Basins' (MGWB) in Poland, 43 are partly or totally located within the study area. The MGWB
in southwestern Poland have an average modulus of groundwater resources about 2.28 L/s/km2 and thus have abundant water resources in comparison to MGWB from other parts of the country.
Several types of mineral waters occur in the middle and upper Odra River basin. These waters are concentrated especially in
the Sudety Mountains. Carbon-dioxide waters, with yields of 414 m3/h, are the most widespread of Sudetic mineral waters.
The fresh waters of the crystalline basement have a low mineralization, commonly less than 100 mg/L; they are a HCO3–Ca–Mg or SO4–Ca–Mg type of water. Various hydrochemical compositions characterize the groundwater in sedimentary rocks. The shallow aquifers
are under risk of atmospheric pollution and anthropogenic effects. To prevent the degradation of groundwater resources in
the middle and upper Odra River basin, Critical Protection Areas have been designated within the MGWB.
Received, January 1995 Revised, May 1996, August 1997 Accepted, August 1997 相似文献
18.
Anthropogenic activities create various contaminated leachate, which can migrate downward from the vadose zone to groundwater,
transferring contaminants, including some hazardous ones.
When these various sources of contamination influence the groundwater aquifer simultaneously, the effects of contamination
are enhanced.
The major concern of this study has been to determine whether the shape of a groundwater chlorograph might be the result of
such deterministic effects as accumulation of one or more particular processes of groundwater contamination, and how this
might relate to specific hydrological situations.
This study proposes a classification of groundwater contamination on the basis of properties of the main components of groundwater
quality graphs and the corresponding hydrogeological/environmental situation.
The study further suggests that contamination of groundwater in any hydrogeological situation (e.g. sea water) may be graphically
expressed.
A variety of chlorographs and nitrographs, representative of various groundwater aquifers sampled from a number of wells throughout
Israel attest to this.
The study thus indicates that groundwater quality graphs may be considered as a complementary tool for groundwater quality
control and better understanding aquifer situations. 相似文献
19.
The coastal aquifer of Oropesa is affected by salinization processes undoubtedly associated with intense groundwater exploitation
for agriculture supply. The aquifer corresponds geologically to a tectonic depression with Plioquaternary fill. Hydrogeologically,
this aquifer is detrital, with intergranular porosity, which receives substantial recharge from adjacent Mesozoic aquifers.
Contact with the sea, in addition to the presence of cultivated soil requiring extreme exploitation of groundwater, frequently
give rise to processes of seawater intrusion. The present research is an attempt to understand the saltwater intrusion in
this aquifer, using hydrochemical analyses of the behavior of certain minor ions that could help in the characterization process.
In the case of the Oropesa sector, groundwater salinization does not appear to be attributable solely to the intrusion of
seawater, but there are also anomalies related largely to the geology of the sector and its surroundings, the type of recharge,
the hydrodynamic conditions in the specific area, etc.
Received: 23 January 1995 · Accepted: 12 September 1995 相似文献
20.
M. Thangarajan 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(3):209-222
Palar River Basin, a crystalline rock region in North Arcot District (Tamil Nadu), India, possesses vast groundwater potential
along and near the river course and its lands are fertile. Serious contamination of both surface water and groundwater has
been reported in this basin as a result of uncontrolled discharge of untreated effluents by the tanning industries for the
last three decades. The health of the rural farming community and people working in the tanning industries has been seriously
affected and they are suffering from occupational diseases such as asthma, chromium ulcers and skin diseases. About an 11000
hectares area of fertile land has lost its fertility. Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration in groundwater at some pockets
varies from 3000 to 10000 mg/l. As the discharge of effluents is continuing, a prognosis of further pollutant migration is
carried out using a mathematical model. A numerical model of the Upper Palar River Basin was developed using the finite difference
technique coupled with method of characteristics and used to predict TDS migration for the next 20 years. Sensitivity analysis
was carried out to identify the parameters which are influencing the contaminant migration. Sensitivity analysis shows that
advection and not dispersion is the predominant mode of solute migration in Palar Basin. Prognosis using the model confirms
that the polluted area zone as well as the concentration of pollutants in the groundwater will continue to increase in future.
The study also indicated that even if the pollutant sources are reduced to 25% of the present level, the TDS concentration
level in the groundwater, even after 20 years, will not be reduced below 50% of its 1992 level.
Received: 20 June 1998 · Accepted: 26 October 1998 相似文献