Flood protection beyond protection against floods: how to make sense of controversies related to the building and maintenance of dikes in Denmark

Natural Hazards - As a result of still more flood events in Denmark in the last few years, flood protection has received growing attention in many local communities. By law, in Denmark, protecting...     

Storm protection service of the Sundarbans mangrove forest,Bangladesh

Natural Hazards - Storm protection service of mangrove is often undervalued. This paper empirically assessed the damage avoided by the Sundarbans mangrove forest in 15 villages of southwest coastal...     

Large-scale managed retreat and structural protection following the 2011 Japan tsunami

Natural Hazards - On March 11, 2011, a magnitude MW 9.0 thrust earthquake ruptured the Japan Trench along the northwest coast of Honshu and generated a tsunami that killed 15,894 people, left 2585...     

Simulation research on the interaction between environmental protection investment and economic growth in China

Natural Hazards - This paper simulates environmental protection investment (EPI) response strategies by constructing a discrete model of the interaction between EPI and economic growth while...     

Highways protection from flood hazards,a case study: New Tama road,KSA

Natural Hazards - Highways in arid regions are highly exposed to damage by floods. This requires intensive analysis of flood quantity, time and direction that can be used to design the suitable...     

An evaluation of the performance of rock fall protection measures and their role in hazard zoning

Natural Hazards - Rock falls threaten human lives and assets in mountainous regions all over the world. Protection measures are one of the most effective solutions for mitigating rock fall-related...     

Natural mineral waters,curative-medical waters and their protection

In Europe different types of water are marketed, each strictly defined by EC Directive 80/777 (Natural Mineral Water, Spring and Table Water) or 80/778 (Drinking Water). In Germany, an additional type of water is common in the market: curative/medical water. Product quality and safety, registration as medicine, and pharmaceutical control are defined by the German Federal Medicine Act. A medical water is treated as any other medicine and may be sold only in pharmacies. The use of any water in Germany is controlled and strictly regulated by the Federal Water Act (Fricke 1981). The following requirements are set by the act: (1) No water use without a permit, which is limited in time and quantity. (2) No single or juristic person may own water. (3) Water resources of public interest and their recharge areas are to be protected by the definition of water protection zones. (Natural mineral water is not of public interest and therefore is not required to be protected by the definition of water protection zones, although it represents a market value of more than US$2 billion. Medical water is of public interest). The definition of water protection zones impacts private property rights and has to be handled carefully. In order to protect water resources, sometimes the economic basis of a traditional industrial and/or agricultural infrastructure is destroyed. The concerns and needs all citizens, including industry, must be considered in analyzing the adequacy of water protection zones.     

Investigation on the effect of inclined crest step pool on scouring protection in erodible river beds

Natural Hazards - One of the aquatic structures that are used for protect water channels against bed erosion is serial step-pool. These steps similarity of the vertical drops structure are exposed...     

Mortality during Hurricane Sandy: the effects of waterfront flood protection on Staten Island,New York

Natural Hazards - Hard defenses, such as levees or land berms, are often considered the most effective approach to reduce flood risk. This study reveals a potential increase in mortality when hard...     

Individual willingness to prepare for disasters in a geological hazard risk area: an empirical study based on the protection motivation theory

Natural Hazards - Public participation in disaster preparedness and mitigation activities become an important part of disaster risk management. The impact of risk perception and protection...     

Geophysical methods application in groundwater natural protection against pollution

Natural protection against groundwater pollution mostly depends on water-bearing bed coverage with permeable rocks presenting a good or bad pollution intrusion barrier between the surface and subterranean water. Additional positive effects of polluted groundwater self-purification in these zones are visible. Natural protection from surface pollutants primarily depends on natural (geological) factors: (1) presence of poorly permeable rocks; (2) depth, lithology (grain-size distribution), and filtration features of rocks covering groundwater reservoirs; and (3) aquifer depth. In contrast to artesian aquifers, quantitative and qualitative evaluation for natural protection of intergranular aquifers with a free water surface is significantly complicated. In this case, the estimation is possible with the help of a specially developed statistical method, which requires the following elements referring to the zone of aeration: (1) poorly permeable strata depth; (2) filtration features; (3) groundwater level depth; and (4) lithology. For quantitative evaluation, it is necessary to know the time interval for pollution propagating from surface of the terrain to the free water surface. Describe access is particularly useful in the domain of zones of sanitary protection defined around the source of groundwater. This exploration method could be considerably rationalized by geophysical methods application. Various methods are useful, namely: electric mapping and sounding, self-potential method, seismic reflection and refraction methods, gravity and geomagnetic methods, the turam method, and different well-logging measurements (gamma ray, gammagamma, radioactivity log, and thermal log). In the paper, geophysical methods applictations in natural protection against groundwater pollution and appropriate critical analysis are presented. The results of this paper are based on the experience and application of geophysical methods to groundwater studies in Yugoslavia by the author.     

贵州茂兰喀斯特森林自然保护区的生态旅游

阐述了贵州茂兰喀斯特森林自然保护区开展生态旅游的意义,分析评述了该保护区开展生态旅游的优劣势。针对茂兰喀斯特森林自然保护区生态环境本底脆弱和生态旅游的内涵要求,探讨了在该保护区开展生态旅游应坚持的四条原则,提出了适合茂兰喀斯特森林保护区地域特色的生态旅游开发的方向及相应的对策。      

Bulletin of China Mineral Exploration Results in 2020

On May 11,2021,the General Office of the Ministry of Natural Resources issued the Bulletin of China Mineral Exploration Results in 2020 (Natural Resources Offic...     

The earthquake in Jiuzhaigou County of Northern Sichuan,China on August 8, 2017

Natural Hazards - Jiuzhai Valley National Park in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of northern Sichuan, China, is well renowned both at home and abroad as “World Natural...     

Lessons learnt from Typhoons Fitow and In-Fa: implications for improving urban flood resilience in Asian Coastal Cities

Natural Hazards - Frequent typhoons significantly affect many coastal cities via intensive rainstorms, tidal surges and strong wind. Natural factors induced by human disturbance such as climate...     

Best optimizer selection for predicting bushfire occurrences using deep learning

Natural Hazards - Natural disasters like bushfires pose a catastrophic threat to the Australia and the world’s territorial areas. This fire spreads in a wide area within seconds, and...     

Shalstab mathematical model and WorldView-2 satellite images to identification of landslide-susceptible areas

Natural Hazards - Natural hazards, occurring all over the world, may become a disaster when humans and nature interact. In Brazil, landslides triggered by heavy rainfall are the most common...     

How meteorological disasters affect the labor market? The moderating effect of government emergency response policy

Natural Hazards - Natural disasters and climate change impose a severe threat to the sustainable development of economy and human society. This paper studies the economic consequences of...     

Development of a generic concept to analyze the accessibility of emergency facilities in critical road infrastructure for disaster scenarios: exemplary application for the 2017 wildfires in Chile and Portugal

Natural Hazards - Natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, or wildfires pose a serious threat to road infrastructure. Especially in emergency situations, the society depends on the road...     

A simple earth system model for C3IAM: based on BCC_CSM1.1 and CMIP5 simulations

Natural Hazards - City is an important foundation for human development. Natural disasters, whose impact on cities was influenced by disaster risk, urban vulnerability and resistance, have always...