The Antarctic margin and its possible hydrocarbon potential

Geological and geophysical data over the Antarctic margin are reviewed to define those areas where thick sedimentary sequences occur which may have potential to source hydrocarbons. Where possible, the Waples-Lopatin model has been used to calculate whether the degree of maturation of the sediments is sufficient for hydrocarbons to have been generated.Significant sedimentary sequences occur along the continental margins of Wilkes Land, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land and, as basins or troughs, on the continental shelf of Prydz Bay, Weddell Sea and Ross Sea. Maturation assessments are possible for western Dronning Maud Land, eastern Weddell Sea, western Antarctic Peninsula, Ellsworth Land and Ross Sea regions. Within the great limitations of the data, only western Weddell Sea and Ross Sea basins have maturation values sufficient for the generation of hydrocarbons.     

Interactions between the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Liverpool Land coastal ice cap during the last two glaciation cycles

The sedimentary record from the Ugleelv Valley on central Jameson Land, East Greenland, adds new information about terrestrial palaeoenvironments and glaciations to the glacial history of the Scoresby Sund fjord area. A western extension of a coastal ice cap on Liverpool Land reached eastern Jameson Land during the early Scoresby Sund glaciation (≈the Saalian). During the following glacial maximum the Greenland Ice Sheet inundated the Jameson Land plateau from the west. The Weichselian also starts with an early phase of glacial advance from the Liverpool Land ice cap, while polar desert and ice‐free conditions characterised the subsequent part of the Weichselian on the Jameson Land plateau. The two glaciation cycles show a repeated pattern of interaction between the Greenland Ice Sheet in the west and an ice cap on Liverpool Land in the east. Each cycle starts with extensive glacier growth in the coastal mountains followed by a decline of the coastal glaciation, a change to cold and arid climate and a late stage of maximum extent of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

县(市)级土地利用数据库系统的构建和实现

手工管理土地资料的方法, 数据更新周期慢, 综合利用率低, 查询统计复杂, 已经不能满足当前社会经济发展的需要.根据新一轮国土资源大调查中县(市) 级土地利用数据库标准和县(市) 级土地利用数据库建设技术规范2个标准的要求, 利用地理信息系统技术和空间数据库管理技术, 阐述了土地利用数据采集的技术路线, 空间数据的组织和分层管理模式, 空间数据库建立的工艺流程, 以及系统的运行环境要求和功能实现.      

Fusion Methods and Multi-classifiers to Improve Land Cover Estimation Using Remote Sensing Analysis

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Adopting a low spatial resolution remote sensing imagery to get an accurate estimation of Land Use Land Cover is a difficult task to perform. Image fusion...     

Distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments from the eastern Barents and south-western Kara seas

Surface samples from the eastern Barents and south-western Kara seas have been analysed for clay mineralogy. Transport paths, the role of regional sources and local bedrock outcrops and the influence of hydrodynamic and glacigenous processes for clay distribution on the shelves are discussed in relation to central Arctic Ocean deep sea and sea ice sediments. Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya show significantly different clay mineral associations. Although smectite concentrations are fairly high, Franz Josef Land can be excluded as a source for central Arctic sea ice sediments, which are relatively rich in smectite. In the Kara Sea, smectite concentrations in coastal sediments surpass even the Franz Josef Land concentrations. The large cyclonic gyre in the eastern Barents Sea between Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land, which serves as a mixing zone between Arctic and North Atlantic water, is apparently reflected within the smectite distribution pattern. With the exception of Franz Josef Land, the area of investigation is typically low in kaolinite. In particular, coastal areas and areas north of Novaya Zemlya, influenced by the inflow of Arctic waters, show the lowest kaolinite concentrations. A high kaolinite occurrence within the Nansen Basin is most probably related to Franz Josef Land and emphasizes the importance of long-range downslope transport of sediments across the continental slope. The surface water circulation pattern in close interaction with local outcrops onshore Novaya Zemlya and locally restricted occurrences within the eastern Barents Sea significantly alter the illite dispersal pattern. Illite concentrations are lowest around Franz Josef Land. Chlorite is generally low in the area of investigation. Submarine outcrops and important chlorite occurrences onshore Novaya Zemlya bias its distribution pattern.     

莱州市土地管理办公自动化系统建设

莱州市国土资源局土地管理办公自动化系统采用工作流技术,基于浏览器/服务器（B/S）三层体系结构设计,实现了土地管理办公自动化和国土信息的对外发布。系统采用可视化流程设计,并预留GIS接口,方便今后系统的扩展和升级。系统建成后,大大提高了莱州市国土资源局各业务部门的业务处理速度和协同工作效率。     

陆地系统科学:地理学的升华

概括对当前学术界关于“地球系统科学”与“陆地系统科学”的理解,提出了“陆地系统科学是地理学的升华”的观点,认为陆地系统科学将是中国２１世纪地理学再发展的“框架舞台”,并从多角度对其研究目标、重大科学问题和研究方法等进行了志门评述。作者认为,要发展中国的地理学,必须利用“陆地系统科学”这一框架舞台。但就目前的进展看,“陆地系统科学”这一框架舞台只是一个个雏形,还需要一些具体的研究计划,特别是与区域发     

垦利县国土资源局加强信息化建设的经验

信息化建设是大势所趋,是国土资源管理工作上水平、上台阶的关键所在。该文通过介绍垦利局加强信息化网络平台建设,实现了电子政务办公自动化、地籍管理信息化、档案管理数字化,使国土资源管理工作实现了快捷、高效。     

New age constraints for Grenville-age metamorphism in western central Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica), and implications for the palaeogeography of Kalahari in Rodinia

New SHRIMP zircon data from Gjelsvikfjella and Mühlig–Hofmann–Gebirge (East Antarctica) indicate that the metamorphic basement is composed of Grenville-age rocks that are most likely part of the north-eastern continuation of the Namaqua–Natal–Maud Belt. Crystallisation ages of meta-igneous rocks range between ca. 1,150 to 1,100 Ma, with little inheritance recorded. Metamorphic zircon overgrowth during high-grade metamorphism is dated between ca. 1,090 to 1,050 Ma. Both, the crystallisation ages and the metamorphic overprint are similar to U–Pb data from a number of areas along a ca. 2,000-km stretch from Natal in South Africa to central Dronning Maud Land. The basement underwent in part strong high-grade reworking during the collision of East and West Gondwana at ca. 550 Ma. The timing of Grenville-age metamorphism has important implications for the position of Kalahari in Rodinia. It also questions that Coats Land is part of the Maud Belt because the undeformed volcanic rocks of Coats Land are older than the main metamorphism within the Maud Belt and, therefore, must rest on older basement. This interpretation explains why the pole of Coats Land at ca. 1,110 Ma differs from the Kalahari poles by 30°, i.e. Coats Land had not yet amalgamated to Kalahari. On the other hand, the palaeopoles from Coats Land and Laurentia at 1,110 Ma are identical within error. Thus, Coats Land could have been part of Laurentia prior to the final amalgamation of Rodinia, the Namaqua–Natal–Maud Belt could have been a part of the Grenville Belt and the entire Kalahari Craton could indeed have opposed Laurentia on its eastern side.     

冰芯和台站记录的近50 a来东南极冰盖边缘地区气候变化格局

对取自东南极冰盖Lambert冰流东、西两侧共支雪芯,恢复了过去50 a来稳定同位素温度序列和积累率序列.对比发现,位于Lambert冰流东侧,即位于Wilks地和Princess Elizabeth 地的5支雪芯(GC₃0, GD03, GD15, DT001和DT085),过去50 a来积累率总体为上升趋势,δ¹⁸O上升速率介于0.34～2.6 kg·m^-2·a^-1; 稳定同位素显示其气温亦呈整体上升趋势, 上升速率介于0‰～0.02‰·a^-1. 但对位于Lamb ert冰流西侧, 即位于Dronning Maud地、Mizuho高原和Kamp地的5支雪芯(Core E,DML 05,W2 00, LGB16和MGA),过去50 a来积累率总体为下降趋势,下降速率介于-0.01～-2.3 6 kg·m^-2·a^-1; 稳定同位素温度变化则十分复杂:Dronning Maud 地西侧为上升, Mizuho高原和Kamp地为下降或变化不明显. 分布于LGB两侧沿岸气象站记录也印证了上述格局. 这种格局可能是南大洋独特的环流形式-环南极波(ACW)-在特殊地形( 如大的冰盆)影响下, 在南极冰盖边缘的表现形式.     

土地结构与土地演替研究

在以往对黄土高原和秦巴山地等地区土地研究的基础上，提出土地结构是土地空间组合格局与土地演替及土地时间变化规律的观点;分析了土地质与量群聚的对比关系和
土地由一种属性转变为另一种属性的过程;用信息论中的熵函数给出了土地出现的频率和复杂度;用耗散结构理论“涨落”给出了土地自然演替(不可逆)和人为演替(可逆)两种演
替模式。
        

基于FEFLOW的水源热泵水热耦合数值模拟研究

以西安市北郊经济开发区某水源热泵系统为例,采用基于有限元的FEFLOW软件,建立三维水热耦合数值模型,对该区域渗流场和温度场的演变进行模拟。结果表明:水源热泵运行之初,抽灌井水位变化明显,1.5 h后趋于稳定;随着系统的运行,回灌井冷热锋面到达抽水井后,抽水井温度变化显著;含水层渗透系数越大,温度锋面的移动速度越快;抽灌井连线上渗透速度最大,温度变化最明显,随着热泵系统的运行,温度场的影响范围逐渐增大。     

内蒙古东部两大沙地土壤理化特性沙漠化演变规律的比较

为了了解不同地带沙地土壤理化特性沙漠化演变规律的差异及其机制,研究比较了科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地土壤理化特性的沙漠化演变特征,得到以下结论:沙漠化过程中,2个沙地的土壤黏粉粒含量均大幅度下降,沙粒含量明显增加,但科尔沁沙地土壤机械组成的变化幅度要大于呼伦贝尔沙地,而且前者黏粉粒主要释放期早于后者;科尔沁沙地土壤温度趋于...     

The last glaciation of Germania Land and adjacent areas,northeast Greenland

A profile across the unglaciated coast of northeast Greenland at 77°N was studied with regard to the Quaternary stratigraphy and glacial history. The Germania Land peninsula is characterised by till-covered lower ground which contrasts sharply with the blockfields and extensive gelifluction deposits of its higher altitudes. Two glaciations are distinguished. The older one extended over the entire area and had its margin on the continental shelf. The younger one, of Late Weichselian age, reached the present coastline and several mountains and high plateaus on western Germania Land formed nunataks. The Late Weichselian glaciation was more extensive and occurred later on the Germania Land peninsula than on the coast further south. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the glacier margin rested to the east of the present coastline until ca. 10 000 yr BP. This correlates with the Late Weichselian Milne Land Stage, which is found as a late glacial readvance along the coast of East Greenland. A series of recessional moraines formed during the deglaciation were probably caused by glacier dynamics, as opposed to being of climatic origin.     

Chemical studies of H chondrites. II: Weathering effects in the Victoria Land,Antarctic population and comparison of two Antarctic populations with non-Antarctic falls

We report RNAA data for 14 siderophile, lithophile and chalcophile volatile/mobile trace elements (Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, U, Zn) in interior portions of 45 different H4–6 chondrites (49 samples) from Victoria Land, Antarctica and 5 H5 chondrites from the Yamato Mts., Antarctica.Relative to H5 chondrites of weathering types A and B, all elements are depleted (10 at statistically significant levels) in extensively weathered (types B/C and C) samples, probably by leaching on the ice sheet surface. Contents of 8 elements in extensively weathered samples may provide a qualitative ranking for terrestrial surface residence. Chondrites of weathering types A and B seem compositionally uncompromised and as useful as contemporary falls for trace-element studies. When data distributions for these 14 trace elements in non-Antarctic H chondrite falls and unpaired samples from Victoria Land and from the Yamato Mts. (Queen Maud Land) are compared statistically, numerous significant differences are apparent. Concentrations of 8 elements differ significantly in the Victoria Land and non-Antarctic H5 chondrite populations. Essentially the same compositional differences and ⁵³Mn content and shock history differences appear when H4–6 populations are compared. Contents of 8 elements differ when Queen Maud Land and Victoria Land populations are compared and 5 for the Queen Maud Land/non-Antarctic comparison.These and other differences give ample cause to doubt that the various sample populations derive from the same parent population. The observed differences do not reflect weathering, chance or other trivial causes: a preterrestrial source must be responsible. The least unlikely of these involves a temporal variation in the source regions from which meteoroids derive.     

编制矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案的几点体会

《矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案》是进行矿山地质环境保护、治理、监测及土地复垦的技术依据之一。采矿权申请人在办理采矿证前要编制《矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案》,采矿权变更涉及到开采规模扩大、矿区范围变更、开采方式改变,要重新编制或修订《矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案》。本文根据几年来的编制经验,就编制中容易出现的问题,谈谈心得体会。     

莱芜市区土地利用动态研究与对策

土地是城市发展的首要基础,城市的经济、社会、环境等各个系统的运行都以土地为载体。该文通过分析近5年来莱芜市区土地利用数据动态变化,对该区域土地利用结构和趋势进行了初步探讨,并对今后该区域土地利用方向提出了相应对策。     

“双保”行动在胶州市土地资源管理中的应用

胶州市国土资源局认真学习实践科学发展观,扎实开展＂保增长、保红线＂行动。通过强练内功、创新思路、严格管理,实现了提效能、保增长、保红线的工作目标,规范了依法用地秩序,有效推动了全市经济发展。     

基于倾角仪与测量机器人的异形桥变形监测研究

为研究影响异形结构桥梁变形的因素,分析不同测量手段反映异形桥变形的灵敏度,以吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州安图县二道白河镇美人松空中廊桥公园内空中廊桥为例,采用倾角仪和测量机器人联合的方式,在顾及荷载、风向和风速的作用下,测定廊桥的倾斜角和位移量,获取两套独立观测数据。通过正交试验分析荷载、风向和风速对廊桥倾斜程度的影响,并通过灵敏度试验分析两种测量手段反映廊桥变形的灵敏度。研究结果表明,倾角仪和测量机器人都能较高精度地反映廊桥变形且数据相近,倾角仪反映廊桥变形灵敏度更高,廊桥变形主要受荷载和风速影响。     

上海地面沉降研究的过去、现在与未来

地面沉降是我国东部沿海平原地区城市化进程中，资源与环境如何由对立走向统一的焦点之一，上海地面沉降具有一定的代表性，经几代地质工作者的努力，在地面沉降监测，研究与防治方面取得了一定的经验与成绩，本文初步总结了上海地面沉降研究与防治工作的现状与存在的问题，并分析了我们在新世纪所面临的机遇和挑战。