基于文献计量学的制氢与CCUS技术耦合研究现状及趋势分析

氢能是未来能源的“终极形态”,目前工业上主要的制氢方式为化石燃料制氢。CO₂捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)技术是实现氢气从“灰氢”向“蓝氢”转变的重要手段,对国家“双碳目标”的实现至关重要。文章以Web of Science核心合集数据库为数据源,利用CiteSpace软件对制氢与CCUS技术耦合领域的文献来源、研究力量、研究热点和研究前沿进行分析。结果表明,中国的发文量居于世界首位,与其他国家有着广泛的合作基础,国内外研究所和高校为主要研究力量;吸附强化甲烷蒸汽重整(SESMR)制氢技术、化学链燃烧(CLC)制氢技术以及催化剂、吸附剂、载氧体为主要的研究热点;金属载氧体处在研究前沿,研发具有催化和吸附作用的复合催化剂与应用CLC技术和煤气化结合的电、氢联产工艺到火电行业是未来研究发展的两大方向;考虑到“双碳目标”的政策压力和碳税的额外支出,配套CCUS的制氢技术仍是一个优选的方案。     

1982~2022年《岩石矿物学杂志》期刊数据与研究主题分析

岩石学和矿物学是地球科学的重要分支学科,相关研究能够深入了解行星形成演化、宜居地球的资源富集与环境变化等重要科学问题。《岩石矿物学杂志》是国内岩石学和矿物学领域的重要期刊,对其发表文章的深入挖掘有助于梳理学科研究进展,为学科从业人员深入研究提供背景信息,为该刊未来刊文方向提供借鉴参考。采用大数据分析和可视化技术对《岩石矿物学杂志》1982~2022年发表的文献进行计量化研究。研究发现,岩石学和矿物学一直是该刊的主要发文领域,地球化学、花岗岩、锆石U-Pb定年、吸附和矿物学是高频率主题关键词。其中,地球化学的共现强度最高,与花岗岩、岩石成因、火山岩和岩石学等关键词关系密切;其次是晶胞参数,相关关键词有光学性质、粉晶数据和新矿物等。具体研究内容包括5个不同主题:岩石成分和特征分析、变质作用和岩石变质过程研究、矿床特征和成矿过程研究、沉积环境和地层特征分析以及环境矿物学研究。与国内外岩石学、矿物学领域知名期刊数据进行对比,认为未来刊文鼓励新技术、新方法的开发与应用、多学科交叉研究、大数据和机器学习驱动的新范式研究等。     

气候政策建模研究综述:基于文献计量分析

利用SCI-E和SSCI网络版数据库,使用文献计量方法对1981—2012年间气候政策建模领域的科学产出进行分析。通过对气候政策建模领域的基本特征分析,发现气候政策建模是一个多学科交叉的领域;发达国家在此领域的实力明显强于发展中国家,欧美占据主导地位。通过对关键词的词频分析,发现气候政策建模领域的6个研究热点:减排机制、不确定性、成本效益分析、发展情景、技术进步和公平性。分析还发现,此领域最主流的分析框架是综合评估模型,最主要的模型方法有最优化模型、可计算一般均衡模型和模拟模型;行为模型和数据包络分析模型具有很强的应用潜力。通过对中国在该领域国际地位的分析,提出了该领域发展的相关建议。     

基于“情景-应对”的矿井水灾事故应急决策机制

为解决矿井水灾事故应急快速反应、高效决策的现场需求,针对矿井水灾事故的不确定性、复杂性和紧迫性等特点,运用多案例分析法,解析了11起典型矿井水灾事故,提出了判别“情景”和事故“情景”两个关键概念,定义了集合{突水水源,突水通道,采掘方式,出水量,淹没范围,生存空间}为矿井水灾事故的情景,并运用AHP分析法计算了6个情景要素各自的权重。确立了“情景-应对”应用在矿井水灾应急决策领域的实现途径,详细阐述了构建情景库、案例库、对策库的方法以及“情景-应对”型矿井水灾应急决策方案的生成过程,并提出了以“黄金72小时” “8天8夜”为时间节点的多阶段矿井水灾事故应急决策机制,案例推演应用表明,该应急决策机制不仅规范了事故应急流程,而且实现了精准、快速、高效的目标。      

元宇宙技术在煤矿安全培训和应急演练中的可行性研究

煤矿安全培训和应急演练是预防灾害事故发生的有效措施,但现阶段面临着培训内容枯燥乏味,演练重“演”轻“练”、形式主义等问题。元宇宙技术充分结合了VR、AR、3D、区块链、物联网、AI、数字孪生等技术,在煤矿安全培训和应急演练中具有直观、交互性强和知识转化率高等特点,可很好地解决培训单调枯燥、演练走过场的问题。虽然元宇宙从硬件、软件到各种配套设施产品日趋成熟,目前仍面临着VR设备单一,三维模型仿真度低以及仿真模拟算法落后的问题。但随着智慧矿山的不断推进,元宇宙技术的不断发展,本技术终将为煤矿及非煤矿山的安全培训和应急演练提供一个新的途径。      

Factors associated with unnecessary requests for an ambulance by non-traumatic patients after the acute earthquake responding phase: a qualitative content analysis

The pre-hospital emergency staff played a key role in transferring the injured patients to health centers. Usually, they reported changes in their decisions on the transfer of non-traumatic patients to hospitals. So, this study was aimed to explore the reasons for unnecessarily requesting an ambulance by non-traumatic patients after the acute responding-to-earthquake phase. This study was a qualitative study that data were analyzed by content analysis approach. Participants were eleven pre-hospital emergency technicians. Data were collected by three sessions of focus group discussion. Data analysis was led to emergence of a main theme: “feeling urgency due to turmoil and uncertainty.” This theme illustrates the basic approach of the inhabitants of the earthquake-stricken region when unnecessarily requesting an ambulance. This theme was derived from two main categories of “turbulent and uncertain conditions” and “psychological turmoil.” The category of “turbulent and uncertain conditions” was comprised of three subcategories: “unreliable care,” “inadequate facilities” and “turbulent living conditions.” The category of “psychological turmoil” was comprised of three subcategories: “psychological turmoil in survivors,” “healthcare providers deciding under pressure” and “turmoil in providing psychological and psychiatric services.” Ambulance dispatch may be unnecessarily performed owing to turbulent and unsure conditions and psychological turmoil in earthquake-stricken people and pre-hospital emergency staff. Providing earthquake-stricken people with psycho-medical services in their place of residence can significantly reduce the workload of pre-hospital emergency staff and consequently that of hospital staff and therefore save time and treatment costs and increase the quality of health services provided for the injured.

     

Prioritization of hazard profile for Istanbul using Analytical Hierarchy Process

The compilation of the data for past disasters is vital for taking lessons from the past, investigating their reasons, preventing the loss in the future and for disaster planning-related works. In Turkey, especially in Istanbul which has a historical background of more than 8000 years, the demand for backdated disaster data increases to determine the dangers that the city is faced with and to analyze them. The purpose of our work is to develop a hazard profile identification model for Istanbul by using “Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Therefore, we searched for different types of disasters and hazard classifications in various national and international databases. We scrutinized the kinds of disasters, hazards and hazard characteristics that should be used for a proposed model. By examining “Istanbul’s 2000 Years of Disaster Database” and 100 years of Republic’s statistics prepared for Istanbul, we identified the disaster categories and criteria, ran the Analytic Hierarchy Process and created a hazard profile model for Istanbul. Consequently, we proved that the most important types of disasters that affect Istanbul are geophysical disasters followed by climatological, hydrological, meteorological and technological disasters. The work also shows us that the districts which have a high rate of the population such as Bagcilar, Kucukcekmece and Esenyurt are more vulnerable to these hazards.     

Emergency countermeasures against marine disasters in Qingdao City on the basis of scenario analysis

Storm surge, sea wave, sea ice, red tide and harmful marine creature bloom are main marine disasters occurring in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China. Marine disasters mentioned above can be divided into five categories, namely, marine meteorological disasters, marine hydrological disasters, marine geological disasters, marine ecological disasters and man-made marine disasters. Over the past century, the marine disasters in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City have caused great economic losses and casualties. In recent years, some problems still exist in emergency management against marine disasters in Qingdao City, such as inaccurate predictions of disasters, untimely early warning and lack of social participation in the emergency management. On the basis of scenario analysis, the authors try to predict different possible scenarios of marine disasters at different early warning levels and propose some optimized emergency countermeasures against marine disaster in Qingdao City. Results of our research can provide a theoretical basis for the revision and improvement of emergency plans and thus guarantee timely and effective emergency management actions against marine disasters in Qingdao City.

     

A preliminary discussion on the opportunities and challenges of linking climate change adaptation with disaster risk reduction

Managing the risks of extreme events such as natural disasters to advance climate change adaptation (CCA) has been a global focus. However, a critical challenge in supporting CCA is to improve its linkage with disaster risk reduction (DRR). Based on discussions on similarities and differences between CCA and DRR concerning their spatial–temporal scales, main focuses, preferred research approaches and methodologies, etc., this paper tentatively put forward an analytical framework of “6W” for linking DRR with CCA. This framework presented preliminary answers to a series of fundamental questions, such as “What is adaptation with respect to disaster risk?” “Why adaptation is needed?” “Who adapt to what?” “How to adapt?” “What are the possible principles to assess the adaptation effect?” To bridge the research gaps between CCA and DRR, it is imperative to associate the adaptation actions with both near-term disaster risk and long-term climate change and formulate adaptation strategies at various spatial–temporal scales by embracing uncertainty in a changing climate.     

Review of comparative studies on market mechanisms for carbon emission reduction: a bibliometric analysis

This study uses the bibliometric method to analyze the comparative studies on different market mechanisms applied to carbon reduction between 1970 and 2016 based on the online databases of Science Citation Index Expanded (1970–2016) and Social Science Citation Index (2002–2016). We found by observing the characteristics of publications that such studies belong to a multidisciplinary field that has been continuously developing since the 1990s. The USA and the UK have maintained their leading research strengths in the field, whereas China entered late but has developed rapidly. The most productive journal, institution, and author in this field are Energy Policy, Resources for the Future, and Pizer from the USA, respectively. The auctorial and institutional cooperation degrees are growing and still have a broad collaboration space, but the cooperation among countries is fluctuating at a lower level. Nonetheless, the USA keeps its significant international cooperation ties. The bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis reveals that articles in this field are closely related to one another. The basic literature in the field was written by Weitzman and published in 1974, and the article by Nordhaus published in Science in 1992 is the most cited in the field. The analysis of keywords and abstract shows that the hot spots include policy choice, price-versus-quantity analysis, and mechanism design.     

基于文献计量学的社会—生态系统恢复力研究进展

采用文献计量学方法,运用CiteSpace和TDA等引文分析及可视化工具,对国内外"社会—生态系统恢复力"相关研究论文进行分析。构建检索式,得到1900—2017年WOS(Web of Science)期刊论文共10 315篇,对研究态势及热点进行梳理和分析。结果发现,系统恢复力研究可归纳为5个基本理论问题,即内涵、变化诱因、空间尺度、研究对象及响应措施。自1973年提出,该理论发展了近45年,借助知识图谱分析发现,形成了三大研究主题领域:内涵与理论、诱因与方法、适应与管理。分析研究热点时序演化发现,近20年来,以气候变化为诱因、以生态系统为对象的研究形成了最为完备的理论和方法体系;近10年来,社区和城市尺度的研究发展迅速成为热点;近5年来,社会学习和知识传播等适应对策得到关注。深化对同质社会经济单元的研究,开展案例研究与实地观测、实验和建模方法的融合是未来研究的重点。     

A Bibliometric Investigation of Research on Social-Ecological System Resilience

The notion of Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems (ReSES) in balancing and sustaining development are increasingly breeding more multidisciplinary attentions from world scientists and government managers. However, with the tremendous growing in theoretical system, certain problems hinder the integration of theory and practice, such as the low degree of research recognition, lacking of unified paradigm, unevenly development of research topics, etc. Thus, it is an urgent need to sort out the construction, source and development in theory, and its gaps with practices. To identify the hotspot in current research, including the fundamental theories and methods, current focus and future trends, a bibliometric analysis integrating Citespace and TDA tools were made. Using searching queries on “system resilience”, 10 315 articles in Web of Science database were retrieved. Then, a series of contents were examined on these publications, including: \mathrm{①}topics division on co-occurrence network of keywords; \mathrm{②}journal and co-citation analysis of highly cited papers; \mathrm{③}trends by keyword burst analysis; \mathrm{④}changing of high-frequency categories and keywords. Several findings were achieved through scientometric analysis. Firstly, research on system resilience were summarized into five basic theoretical issues, namely, research objects, changes incentives, spatial and temporal scale, and adaptive measures. Secondly, by analyzing the knowledge atlas, it is found that the theory has developed for nearly 45 years since 1973. In the past 20 years, ecosystem resilience driven by climate changes has been one of the earliest and consistent research topics, and formed a well-developed theoretical framework. Over the past ten years, research on the system resilience on community and urban scale has rapidly become a hot topic. In the past five years, adaptation strategies such as social learning and knowledge dissemination have attracted increasing attentions. Overall, improving system simulation and scenario based adaptive management analysis can build the bridge of theoretical research and adaptive management practice.     

Pedaling disaster: citizen bicyclists in disaster response—Innovative solution or unnecessary effort?

Citizens have historically become involved in response to disasters by helping both themselves and others. Recently, the idea has emerged of individuals providing this assistance in the response period using bicycles. Community events have been organized by bicycling enthusiasts in US cities to demonstrate how bicycles could potentially be of use in disaster situations. Yet, there has been no empirical research around the idea of citizen bicyclists in disaster response. This study explored the potential use of bicycles and their citizen riders in disaster events in the USA—specifically considering what role, if any, citizen bicyclists could play in such scenarios. Data were initially collected through 21 in-depth, telephone interviews with emergency management officials and bicycling advocates from bicycle-friendly cities in ten different states. Grounded theory was used to conceptualize the overall research design and analyze the data. Based on theoretical and snowball sampling, an additional six interviews were completed with individuals who had requisite knowledge and experiences applicable to the research question. Participants indicated that there are a variety of tasks and activities citizen bicyclists could undertake in disaster response; however, it would have to be an event of significant scope and magnitude for bicycle usage to be widespread—an unlikely occurrence for many jurisdictions. Concerns about training and integration with the formal emergency management structure were also identified. Implications for potential citizen bicyclists—and citizen responders more broadly—are discussed.     

云南省梁河县芒东镇章巴小砂河泥石流治理工程及效果评价

梁河县芒东镇章巴小砂河曾多次暴发泥石流灾害,以2016年8月5日最为严重,冲毁民房,淤埋良田,造成了重大的经济损失。在野外实地调查后,通过对流域形态、地形地貌、沟床特征、物源分布情况、交通条件及“8.05”成灾特征等综合分析后制定相应的工程措施,并对其后续进行效果评价。研究结果表明:章巴小砂河泥石流治理工程采用“中上游稳坡固源拦挡,中下游固床护岸+下游过村段排导”的系统治理措施,通过雨季考验、定性分析比对,章巴小砂河泥石流治理工程效果较好。对梁河地区泥石流治理项目具有指导意义。     

Time–Space Effect of Stress Field and Damage Evolution Law of Compressed Coal-Rock

Along with the increase of mining depth, the dynamic disasters related to the instability and destruction of coal-rock are becoming more and more serious. In this paper, the uniaxial compression model of coal-rock was established by means of the micro particle flow PFC2D software firstly, and then the variation of stress field and damage field of coal-rock were analysed. Finally, the time–space constitutive model of coal-rock was discussed and modified. The research results show that: the compression stress field of coal-rock has obvious time–space effect, and along with the change of compressive stress, the stress field was transferred to the inner coal-rock body; the coal-rock damage evolution process has a similar temporal and spatial relations with the stress field evolution, the number of damage cracks were increasing with the constant change of compressive stress, and transferred to the inner coal-rock body with “string wave” feature; the time–space damage constitutive model of coal-rock established on the basis of local crack and the stress concentration factor of coal-rock was reasonable and effective, the damage degree of the whole coal-rock could be predicted by the variation of local coal-rock stress and cracks. In overall, the successful verification of the time–space relationship of coal-rock damage and stress transfer indicated that the possibility of using the constitutive model developed in this study to investigate coal-rock stability in coal mine.     

基于文献计量学分析岩溶水文地质学研究热点

利用文献计量学方法分析2011-2018年国内外岩溶水文地质学领域研究的动态特征。通过Web of Science（WoS）核心合集数据库,以“Karst hydrogeology”、“Karst groundwater”、“Karst aquifer”、“Karst underground river”、“Karst subterranean stream”、“Karst underground stream”、“Karst spring”“Karst geothermal water”、“Karst thermal groundwater”或“Karst water landscape”为主题词,检索得到1 460篇论文,通过中国知网（CNKI）收录的EI、核心期刊和CSSCI数据库,以“岩溶水文地质”、“岩溶地下水”、“岩溶含水层”、“喀斯特水文地质”、“喀斯特地下水”、“喀斯特含水层”、“地下河”、“岩溶泉水”、“岩溶地热水”、“喀斯特泉水”、“喀斯特地热水”、“岩溶水景观”或“喀斯特水景观”为主题词,检索得到918篇论文。基于WoS和CNKI自带功能及CiteSpace软件分析国家、机构、发文量及期刊等情况,结果表明:中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所充分发挥了其在国内的机构职能和专业优势,中国有待进一步加强其在国际上的地域优势及其活跃度;由基于CiteSpace平台的关键词共现图谱发现国际岩溶水文地质学领域研究的热点问题包括“岩溶水动力学”、“岩溶地下水数值模拟”、“岩溶水文地球化学”和“岩溶水污染”,而国内岩溶水文地质学领域研究的热点问题范围更广,包括“岩溶含水系统”、“岩溶水资源”、“岩溶水环境”和“岩溶水文工程”。      

流变学基础模型的地质应用及启示

地质作用经常是流变过程,岩石经受长时间应力作用可以在小应力条件下产生大变形。地质作用具有充分漫长的时间,所以野外露头成为研究天然流变学最好的现场,流变学理论在力学中自19世纪下半叶以来已经有迅速的发展,但用于解释地质作用的文献仍然很少。文中介绍一个基本粘弹性模型——马克斯威尔模型作为描述岩石变形的实例,同时给出应变与应力和时间三者的本构关系。代入真实岩石的“E”值和“η”值,获得了岩石的“马克斯威尔松弛时间”,约为1012s,约合3.2万年,这意味着使应力经松弛降低到某一明显程度和使应变经蠕变增加到某一明显程度在数量级上至少需要10万年以上。     

Assessment of discontinuous rock slope stability with block theory and numerical modeling: a case study for the South Pars Gas Complex,Assalouyeh, Iran

In this study, a geotechnical model has been used to analyze the stability of a discontinuous rock slope. The main idea behind block theory is that it disregards many different combinations of discontinuities and directly identifies and considers critical rock blocks known as “key blocks”. The rock slope used as a case study herein is situated in the sixth phase of the gas flare site of the South Pars Gas Complex, Assalouyeh, Iran. In order to analyze the stability of discontinuous rock slopes, geotechnical modeling which was divided into geometrical sub-modeling and mechanical sub-modeling has been utilized. This model has been established upon the KGM (key-group method) algorithm which was based on the limit equilibrium method and block theory and prepared and coded by the Mathematica software. According to the results of the stability analysis, the analyzed slope was determined to be in the category of “needs attention,” and the security level, calculated through the FORM (first-order reliability method) analysis, was estimated to be 1.16. In order to verify the model, the results obtained from the model were compared with those of the UDEC software, which is a numerical method based on distinct components. As a conclusion, it was determined that the results of the model agreed well with those of the numerical method.     

Influence of underground space development mode on the groundwater flow field in Xiong’an new area

The degree and scale of underground space development are growing with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China. The lack of research on the change of the groundwater flow field before and after the development of underground space has led to various problems in the process of underground space development and operation. This paper took the key development zone of the Xiong’an New Area as the study area, and used the Groundwater modeling system software (GMS) to analyse the influence on the groundwater flow field under the point, line, and surface development modes. The main results showed that the underground space development would lead to the expansion and deepening of the cone of depression in the aquifer. The groundwater level on the upstream face of the underground structure would rise, while the water level on the downstream face would drop. The “line” concurrent development has the least impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level on the upstream side of the underground structure is expected to be approximately 3.05 m. The “surface” development has the greatest impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level is expected to be 7.17 m.     

International Development Trend Analysis of Water Governance Based on Bibliometrics

Water resources issue is affecting regional stability and national relationship, which has become a vital issue. Based on SCIE papers from database of Web of Science, we analyze the international development trend of water governance research using the bibliometric analysis method. The results show that the number of publications in this field has been increasing rapidly since the 1990s. Most of the research subjects are interdisciplinary and mainly focus on the field of water resources and environmental science. Base on publications and its cited, the United States has the absolute advantage in total numbers of papers, but the articles has a low average influence in terms of citations; The total number of papers in China on water governance research ranks 10th among major countries in the world, but all papers in this field are cited, ranking second only to Germany. International water governance research focuses on water resource acquisition and water quality assessment, water vulnerability, adaptation and water demanding related to climate change; decision-making, water governance policies and water rights; water resource management, such as groundwater management, watershed management and comprehensive water resources management; global water governance and urban water crisis.