当代世界的矿产资源

论述了最近５０年来世界矿产资源供求关系的变化和现状,着重讨论了独联体国家、北美地区西欧国家、中欧和东欧国家、日本、澳大利亚和南非共和国、欧佩克国家的矿产资源情况。俄罗斯仍是矿产资源大国,但矿山开采工业每况愈下,许多矿种没有清楚的探明储量。独联体一些国家某些矿种储量大,但没有维持经济正常发展的其它矿种。美国的某些矿种储量大,但其它矿种不足,例如石油、天然气、煤、铝、铜、铅、锌、锡、镍、钴、钨等需求量     

Organic petrology, mineralogy and depositional environment of the Kipra lignite seam, Maritza-West basin, Bulgaria

The aim of the present study is to provide additional information about the properties and depositional environment of the Kipra lignite seam, which was deposited during the regressive stage of development of the Maritza-West basin. Petrographical and mineralogical data, along with ash yields and sulphur contents of 24 samples from a seam profile, have been used to study the vertical variation of the depositional settings during peat accumulation and subsequent coalification.The Kipra lignite is characterized by high ash yields and sulphur contents. It formed in a rheotrophic, low-lying mire with alkaline pH value. Vegetation with low preservation potential dominated within the palaeomire. During peat formation, frequent changes of the water level controlled the depositional environment. During the deposition of units 1 and 2, high water energy caused the transportation of high amounts of inorganic material into the mire, resulting in the formation of weakly gelified mineral-rich lignite. The organic matter from units 3 and 4 is characterized by enhanced gelification, which probably reflects the decreasing energy of the system. Good positive correlation between sulphur contents and the GI values was established in units 4, indicating that the gelification of the tissues was probably mainly controlled by the bacterial activity. In contrast, the gelification of the samples from unit 3 of the Kipra seam was probably governed by the redox conditions. The organic matter deposited under relatively wet conditions, in which the thermal and oxidative destruction of the tissues, was limited.A variety of major, minor and accessory minerals are present in Maritza-West lignite. The mineral composition is dominated mainly by pyrite, gypsum and calcite, and to a lesser extent limonite, quartz, kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, chlorite and plagioclase. Jarosite, hematite, halloysite, mica, K-feldspar, aragonite, siderite, and dolomite were also determined in very low concentrations. These minerals formed syngenetically and epigenetically. The syngenetic stage is characterized mainly by the formation of pyrite, carbonates, silicates and sulphates, whereas the Fe-oxyhydroxides, partially the carbonates and almost all silicates are of detrital origin. During the epigenetic stage, carbonates, sulphates, clay minerals, pyrite, and Fe-oxyhydroxides were formed. Alteration products like gypsum, jarosite, limonite, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, mica, and calcite were generated due to the transformation of detrital and authigenic minerals.     

广西高龙金矿鸡公岩矿段地质特征和构造地球化学找矿

对矿区地表至960m中段共计6个中段平面系统采集构造地球化学样品,共采集地层和构造蚀变岩样品184件,测试了Au、Ag、As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sn、Mo、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、V、Ti 15种微量元素的含量,编制了各元素地球化学纵剖面图和单个矿脉元素含量曲线图,综合地球化学图件分析法和格里戈良分带指数法确定了元素的纵向、横向和轴向分带序列,建立了原生晕地球化学三维分带模式。综合地质地球化学资料分析得到:硅化砂泥岩、构造蚀变岩中Au、As、Sb、Ag元素含量高,是地壳的数倍到数百倍,变异系数大,表明这些元素卷入了成矿作用,硅化泥岩是主要的富矿围岩,而矿体大部分赋存于由于成矿热液多期次强烈活动而形成的石英岩和构造角砾岩中。矿区原生晕轴向分带序列为:As、Pb、Mo、Sn、Cu、Au、Ag、Mn、Zn、Sb。与矿体北西向侧伏规律一致,矿区地球化学异常体亦具向北西侧伏的趋势。根据元素地球化学纵剖面图中主成矿元素异常高值带向下延伸未封闭,矿体向下未尖灭、特征前缘晕元素Sb和成矿晕元素Zn出现在矿尾晕等特征说明,矿体向下仍有一定的延伸,已知矿体北西侧深部是下一步找矿勘探的重点区域。     

Arsenic and metal mobility from Au mine tailings in Rodalquilar (Almería,SE Spain)

In the old mining area of Rodalquilar, mine wastes, soil and sediments were characterized and the results revealed high concentration of Au, Ag, As, Bi, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se, Sb and Zn in tailings and sediments. The contaminant of greatest environmental concern is As. The mean concentration in the tailings was 679.9, and 345 mg/kg in the sediments of Playazo creek. The groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer showed high concentration of Al, As, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb and Zn and very high concentration of chloride and sulfate, which were above the concentration defined in the European standards for drinking water. The presence of As in groundwater may be caused by the oxidation of arsenian pyrite, the possible As desorption from goethite and ferrihydrite and the jarosite dissolution. Groundwater concentrations of Cd, Fe, Mn, and possibly Cu, were associated with low values of Eh, indicating the possible dissolution of oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Mn. The mobility of metals in the column experiments show the release of Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, V and Zn in significant concentrations but below the detected values in groundwater. However, As, Cd, Sb, Se Pb and Au, are generally mobilized in concentrations above the detected values in groundwater. The possible mass transfer processes that could explain the presence of the contaminants in the aquifer and the leachates was simulated with the PHREEQC numerical code and revealed the possible dissolution of the following mineral phases: jarosite, natrojarosite, arsenian pyrite, alunite, chlorite, kaolinite and calcite.     

Zoning patterns of primary halos and their controlling factors in porphyry copper deposits

The primary halos of porphyry copper deposits are characterized by compositional zoning in three dimensions. Two ideal zoning patterns can be divided in accordance with the shape of primary halos in space: bell-shaped and anticline-shaped. In the process of alteration-mineralization, K, Si, (OH), Fe, Cu, Mo, Ag, S, Ba, Rb, Pb, Zn, As, etc. were imported, while Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, V, Co, Sr, Pb, Zn, etc. were exported or became activated, and then transported and reprecipitated. Both import and export of Fe, Pb and Zn may have taken place. The fundamental factors controlling the zoning of primary halos are: the stability of complexes and the activity of elements; pH, Eh, the behaviour of sulfur and the sulphophile character of elements; the concentration of components and the regularities of isomorphism; temperature and pressure; and tectonic setting and lithological characters of wallrocks. The authors consider that the zoning patterns of primary halos in porphyry copper deposits are the outcome of integrated effects of various factors.     

同震滑坡发生概率研究——新一代地震滑坡危险性模型

地震滑坡发生真实概率研究基本空白。本研究创新性的利用贝叶斯概率方法与机器模型开展了中国地震滑坡危险性真实概率研究,制作了第一代中国地震滑坡危险性概率图。基于9个地震案例开展研究,包括1999年台湾集集、2005年克什米尔、2008年汶川、2010年玉树、2013年芦山、2013岷县、2014鲁甸、2015尼泊尔、2017九寨沟地震,这9次地震中7次发生在中国,2005年克什米尔与2015尼泊尔地震均发生在中国邻区,可以更好的控制模型预测精度。这些地震事件均有详细完整的,利用面要素标识的地震滑坡数据,包括306 435处真实的地震滑坡记录。考虑到真实的地震滑坡发生区域,滑坡面积规模的差别,滑坡与不滑样本的比例等因素,共选取了5 117 000个模型训练样本。选择绝对高程、相对高差、坡度、坡向、斜坡曲率、坡位、地形湿度指数、土地覆盖类型、植被覆盖度、与断层距离、地层、年均降水量、地震动峰值加速度共13个地震滑坡影响因子。采用贝叶斯概率方法与机器学习模型相结合,建立地震滑坡发生的多因素影响模型,得到各个连续因子的权重与分类因子的各个分类的权重。再将模型应用到整个中国研究区,地震动峰值加速度因子为触发因子。分别考虑研究区在经历不同地震动峰值加速度（0.1~1 g,每0.1 g一个结果,共10个结果）下的地震滑坡发生真实概率。此外,还结合中国地震动峰值加速度分布图,得到了中国地震动峰值加速度背景下的地震滑坡发生真实概率分布。     

Pilot studies for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project – Site selection, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality control protocols

In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled and chemically analyzed soils along two transects across Canada and the USA in preparation for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America. This effort was a pilot study to test and refine sampling protocols, analytical methods, quality control protocols, and field logistics for the continental survey. A total of 220 sample sites were selected at approximately 40-km intervals along the two transects. The ideal sampling protocol at each site called for a sample from a depth of 0–5 cm and a composite of each of the O, A, and C horizons. The <2-mm fraction of each sample was analyzed for Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO₃, HClO₄, and HF. Separate methods were used for Hg, Se, total C, and carbonate-C on this same size fraction. Only Ag, In, and Te had a large percentage of concentrations below the detection limit. Quality control (QC) of the analyses was monitored at three levels: the laboratory performing the analysis, the USGS QC officer, and the principal investigator for the study. This level of review resulted in an average of one QC sample for every 20 field samples, which proved to be minimally adequate for such a large-scale survey. Additional QC samples should be added to monitor within-batch quality to the extent that no more than 10 samples are analyzed between a QC sample. Only Cr (77%), Y (82%), and Sb (80%) fell outside the acceptable limits of accuracy (% recovery between 85 and 115%) because of likely residence in mineral phases resistant to the acid digestion.A separate sample of 0–5-cm material was collected at each site for determination of organic compounds. A subset of 73 of these samples was analyzed for a suite of 19 organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography. Only three of these samples had detectable pesticide concentrations. A separate sample of A-horizon soil was collected for microbial characterization by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), soil enzyme assays, and determination of selected human and agricultural pathogens. Collection, preservation and analysis of samples for both organic compounds and microbial characterization add a great degree of complication to the sampling and preservation protocols and a significant increase to the cost for a continental-scale survey. Both these issues must be considered carefully prior to adopting these parameters as part of the soil geochemical survey of North America.     

鲁西南浅层高氟地下水成因的水文地球化学研究

鲁西南京杭运河以西的大部分地区浅层地下水氟含量普遍偏高,最高达6.0 7mg/L,是地方性氟中毒症高发区。根据巨野煤田勘探期间在巨野、郓城、嘉祥等地进行的浅层地下水(埋深<2 0m)水文地球化学调查资料,结合本区地形、地貌、气候、岩性等因素,对浅层地下水的水文地球化学特征及高氟地下水的成因机理进行了研究,指出本区地下水氟的富集主要与pH值、矿化度、HCO₃-、Ca2+、Mg2+含量有关,计算了F、Ca、Mg 3种元素的组分浓度以及几种固相沉积物的饱和指数,并提出了相应的预防和治理措施。      

太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征

本文对太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学作了较为详细的研究。因子分析提供的信息表明,元素的分布主要受三个因子控制:（1）粘土及Fe、Mn氧化物水化物胶体的吸附作用;（2）生物化学作用过程有关的自生沉积作用;（3）海底页岩风化及附近海区的火山喷发作用。元素的来源:（1）Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cr、Mg、Al、Ti、K共生,主要来自粘土吸附;（2）C_有机、N、Sr、Na及Si、Ca、Sr主要来自生物化学过程沉积;（3）Pb主要来源于岩石碎屑（火山喷发碎屑）。     

四川盆地寒武系划分对比及特征

以多重地层划分理论为指导,根据露头、钻井和测井资料的综合分析,在总结对比四川盆地及其邻区寒武系不同时期﹑不同构造单元地层划分方案的基础上,以岩石地层特征为主要依据,综合分析古生物特征及电性特征,将四川盆地寒武系自下而上划分为:下寒武统筇竹寺组、沧浪铺组和龙王庙组,中寒武统陡坡寺组,中上寒武统洗象池组。对岩性特征进行了详细研究,筇竹寺组主要为炭质页岩﹑页岩及泥岩;沧浪铺组主要为粉砂岩及泥质粉砂岩;龙王庙组主要为鲕粒灰岩﹑灰质白云岩及白云岩;陡坡寺组下部为泥质白云岩夹紫红色泥岩,上部为紫红色泥质粉砂岩﹑白云质粉砂岩夹紫红色泥岩;洗象池组主要为大套厚层状细晶白云岩﹑粉晶白云岩。四川盆地寒武系分布广泛且厚度较大,仅在盆地西部存在一个北东向剥蚀区,整体上在盆地中南部形成一个厚度低值区,向东﹑向南﹑向北厚度逐渐增大。     

重庆綦江中白垩统夹关组恐龙足迹群的发现及其意义

记述了来自重庆綦江中白垩统夹关组恐龙足迹群，命名了甲龙亚目的中国綦江足迹（Qijiangpussinensis ichnogen．et ichnosp．nov．）、兽脚亚目的敏捷舞足迹（Wupusagilis ichnogen．etichnosp．nov．）和鸟脚亚目的炎热老瀛山足迹（Laoyingshanpus torridus ichnogen．etichnosp．nov．）和莲花卡利尔足迹（Caririchniumlotusichnosp．nov．）等新属种。中国綦江足迹是中国首次发现甲龙类的足迹。莲花卡利尔足迹提供了鸭嘴龙类在各发育阶段所留下不同的足迹。     

STRATIGRAPHIC AND CORRELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF TERRIGENOUS COMPONENTS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

The widely applied method of stratigraphic division of sediments and their correlation on the base of terrigenous components developed by 11ling, Baturin and others, was based on the fact that the composition of the sedimentary terrigenous components depends upon the petrographic composition of the distributive province rocks. The author, using terrigenous components for stratigraphic purposes, has based his method of the influence of the ancient crusts of weathering upon their composition. Under the ancient kaolin-type weathering conditions the mineralogy of forming sediments was very uniform: among rock-building minerals prevailed quartz, kaolin, partly hydromicas. Among accessories the following stable minerals prevailed: ilmenite, leucoxene, chromite, zircon, rutile, disthen, staurolite, tourmaline, cassiterite, and also less widely spread minerals such as sillimanite, anatase, brucite, corundum, xenotime, columbite, monazite, topaz, spinel, andalusite, diamond, gold, platinum, osmiridium.

Unstable under the ancient kaolin weathering conditions were: garnets, pyroxenes, amphiboles, epidote, magnetite, apatite, sphene, serpentine, olivine, titano-magnetite. Their contents in the deposits, formed at the expense of the kaolin crust of weathering, were as a rule insignificant.

From the above it is clear that the ancient weathering could have affected the mineralogical composition of accessory minerals of deposits, even much stronger than the petrographical composition of the distributive province.

In the course of geological times the total balance of stable accessory minerals, able to undergo repeated weathering and erosion, has the tendency to grow in spite of their dilution in sediments during certain epochs.

The author tried to give a stratigraphic division of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits in the South Urals from terrigenous components.

This method can find a wide application.

In the future it will be advisable to combine the above mentioned method with the method of Illing and Baturin and others, taking into account the petrographic influence of the rocks of the distributive province. — Auth. English Summ.     

汤屯高速公路路堑边坡土质特征与生态防护植物配置研究

汤屯高速公路边坡土壤具有偏酸性、有机质低、磷缺乏、铜过量等土质特征。边坡生态防护具有边坡高陡、原生植被彻底破坏、土质贫瘠、缺水、缺肥、生物气候干热胁迫、水土流失严重等难点,遵循交通安全性、景观协调性、生态适应性、生物多样性、经济实用性的原则,提出了以草本植物为主,草、灌、藤有机结合的边坡生态防护植物配置方案,针对全岩质边坡、碎裂结构边坡、土质边坡及边坡的顶部、下沿、平台等部位提出了不同的植物群落配置原则及物种配比方案,对类似工程具有借鉴意义。     

太行山南段中生代杂岩体成因及其演化分析

平顺-符山-武安-洪山杂岩体主要由橄榄辉长辉绿岩、角闪闪长岩,经闪长岩、二长闪长岩、正长岩、花岗岩一系列岩石组成,其地球化学性质相似,CaO、FeO、MgO和TiO与SiO2呈线性正相关,富集大离子亲石元素(如Sr、Ba、K)和LREE,亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)和HREE,具有微弱的正Eu异常。符山杂岩体的εNd=-12.3~-16.9,ISr=0.705 6~0.707 1,武安杂岩体εNd=-13.8~-18,ISr=0.705 9~0.707 6,相比之下,洪山杂岩体具有比符山-武安杂岩体明显高但相对均一的εNd值(-8.2~-11)和变化较大的ISr(0.705 2~0.710 2)。平顺杂岩体Pb同位素比值较高,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.859~18.474,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.429~15.612,(208 Pb/204 Pb)i=37.374~38.641。而符山杂岩体(16.92~17.3,15.32~15.42,37.16~37.63)、武安岩体(16.63~17.4,15.28~15.44,36.78~37.3)和洪山杂岩体(17.28~17.74,15.40~15.48,37.01~38.12)变化连续。平顺-符山-武安杂岩体可能是同一期岩浆演化的产物,起源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但在上升过程中受到不同程度的下地壳物质混染。洪山岩体也来源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但属于不同岩浆热事件,仅受轻微下地壳混染。太行山南段中生代广泛的岩浆活动可能与邯邢地幔柱上涌有关。     

Average composition of basic magmas and mantle sources of island arcs and active continental margins estimated from the data on melt inclusions and quenched glasses of rocks

Based on the generalization of data on melt inclusions and quenched glasses, the average compositions of subduction (island arc and active continental margin settings) basic magmas were estimated. The main geochemical features of the average composition of these magmas are significant depletion in Nb and Ta, less significant depletion in Ti, Zr, and Sm, and enrichment in Cl, H₂O, F, and P in the primitive mantlenormalized patterns. The average normalized contents of moderately incompatible HREE in these magmas are close to those in the basic magmas of other geodynamic settings. Subduction basic magmas exhibit negative correlation of Li, Y, Dy, Er, Yb, Lu, and Ti contents with MgO content. Most of incompatible elements (Nb, Ta, U, Th, LREE) do not correlate with MgO, but correlate with each other and K₂O. Variations in element contents are related to crystallization differentiation, magma mixing, and possibly, participation of several sources. The water content in the island arc basic magmas varies from almost zero value to more than 6 wt %. Most compositions are characterized by weak negative correlation between H₂O and MgO contents, but some compositions define a negative correlation close to that in magmas of mid-ocean ridges (MOR). Considered magmas demonstrate distinct positive correlation between MgO content and homogenization temperature, practically coinciding with that of MOR magmas. Modeling of phase equilibria revealed widening of crystallization field of olivine in the magmas of subduction zones compared to MOR magmas. This can be related to the high water content in subduction magmas. Simultaneous liquidus crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene in subduction magmas occurs at pressure approximately 5 kbar higher than that of MOR magmas. Based on the average ratios of trace element to K2O content, we determined the average compositions for subduction magma sources. Relative to depleted mantle, they are enriched in all incompatible elements, with positive anomalies of U, Rb, Ba, B, Pb, Cl, H₂O, F, and S, and negative anomalies of Th, K, Be, Nb, Ta, Li, Nd, Pb, and Ti. A general elevated content of incompatible elements indicates a reworking of the rocks of mantle wedge by fluids and melts that were released from the upper layers of subducted plate.     

Weathering of phosphatic marble to exploitable apatite deposit,Sri Lanka

Weathering of a granulite-amphibolite facies phosphatic marble from Eppwala, Sri Lanka is described. During the weathering process, apatite is concentrated to an exploitable grade. Primary metamorphic phosphates in the marble from Sri Lanka are hydroxyapatite, as indicated by EPMA and XRD. Weathered phosphates and weathered crystalline products are composd of carbonate fluorapatite, crandellite, wardite, fluellite, kaolinite, goethite and gibbsite. DTA, SIM, SIMS and SAM show the presence of amorphous materials, such as oxides of Fe, Al, Si, Al + Si, and S, on the surface of weathered phosphate. Using SEM, TEM, EDX and electron diffraction techniques, the presence of these amorphous and crystalline materials with several transitions have been clearly identified in weathered phosphate. Secondary crystalline phosphate, consisting of P, Ca and Fe, has partially developed on the surface of the primary phosphate. Recrystallization of phosphate occurred during weathering and calcite dissolution, with nucleation and precipitation of secondary phosphates. The lattice images of hydroxyapatite are gradually increased from 8.3 to 9.1Åbasal spacings during weathering.     

安徽绩溪新元古代海底扇沉积环境分析

研究区位于安徽绩溪县杨溪镇,区内主要发育一套新元古代浅变质碎屑岩系,厚度为639.7 m。碎屑岩以泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、砂岩、含砾砂岩和砾岩为主,发育水平层理,粒序层理,韵律层理等沉积构造,可见鲍马层序Ta、Tc、Td、Te段。碎屑组分以跃移组分为主,含量为35%～58%。地层上段厚为254.8 m,包含粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩,水平层理和粒序层理发育,为中扇-外扇扇叶沉积,中段厚为192.5 m,主要为细砂岩、粉砂岩和泥质粉砂岩,砂岩条带广泛发育,属于中扇水道沉积,下段厚为192.4 m,为一套砾岩层,砾石分选较差,砾岩层间夹有粉砂质泥岩,为上扇水道滞留沉积。总体上,形成一套退积的海底扇沉积序列。     

中国断层系分维及其灰色预测研究

应用分形理论和灰色系统理论方法,对中国断层系分维及其灰色预测问题进行了探讨。首先,计算并分析了中国断层系分维及其空间变化特征;其次,在计算中国大陆和南岭地区不同地质历史时期断层系分维、揭示断层系具有的跨尺度分形特征的基础上,对分维变化进行了灰色预测,其结果表明：分形理论与灰色理论结合是研究断层系时空间特征的有力工具,中国大陆下一期断层系分维预测值为1.5995,预示中国大陆下一期断层系空间结构的复杂程度将有所增加。     

江西城门山矿田块状硫化物型矿体矿化分带特征

通过城门山矿田矿床地质、矿体走向及倾向上的厚度及品位变化情况总结其矿化特征,根据成矿温度及地球化学成矿条件研究该矿体矿化富集规律的控制因素,并从矿化特征方面佐证讨论该类矿床的成因及外围找矿方向。研究表明,矿体矿化沿水平及垂向上均具有分带特征,大致表现为沿热液中心向外为Mo、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ag、Au元素的分带,从地表向下为TFe、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu元素的分带。除此之外,矿化还具有差异特征,表现为走向上矿体两端发育的不一致性、倾向上的局部豆荚状发育特征。本次工作厘定的分带性及差异性分别佐证了矿床的热液成因与沉积成因,并预测外围具有较好的多金属找矿前景,且东段好于西段。      

Heavy metal distribution in the surface layer of bottom sediments of the Kara Sea

This paper addresses the distribution of heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi) as well as Si, Al, Fe, and Mn in the surface (0–2 cm) layer of bottom sediments of the Kara Sea. The contents of these elements are determined in each of the previously distinguished facies-genetic types of terrigenous sediments: fluvial, glacial, estuarine, shallow water–marine, “background” marine, and relict sediments. It is shown that these types reflect the modern conditions of accumulation of river discharge material, which forms fans of two greatest Siberian rivers, Ob and Yenisei. The main stages are distinguished in heavy metal accumulation. The first stage is related to the avalanche sedimentation of terrigenous sediments in the estuary and characterized by the elevated contents of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Bi. The second stage reflects the mechanical differentiation of sedimentary material by waves and bottom currents in a shallow-water sea part adjacent to the estuarine zone, with accumulation of Pb- and Sn-bearing “heavy” ore minerals. The deepwater background terrigenous–marine sediments accumulate mainly Ni, Zn, and Cd, as well as Mn. The relict sediments differ in the high contents of Si, Mn, and Sn.