重庆辐射雾的声雷达回波与大气污染特征

结合气象观测和大气边界层探测资料，分析了１９９０年１月２日重庆雾的声雷达回波特征，并与１９８９年１２月３０日雾的回波作了比较。结果表明，雾顶回波高度与逆温和相对湿度的转折高度一致；雾顶回波在雾的成熟期呈现波动，在消散期有一下降过程。上午大气污染物地面浓度的变化与逆温混合层状况有密切关系，混合层较薄且持续时间较长时，地面浓度较大     

去噪小波包能量法在水声信号识别中的应用

对小波包能量法进行改进,提出了一种新的方法———去噪小波包能量法,该算法对信号小波去噪后,再用小波包能量法提取信号的特征;应用去噪小波包能量法研究了不同的小波去噪方法对水声信号分类识别率的影响,在实测信号样本集上用BP神经网络进行了识别实验。结果显示软阈值、硬阈值、弹性阈值3种标准的小波去噪方法均能明显提高信号识别率,其中最为显著的是软阈值标准去噪,信号的识别率可由未去噪的53 .3%提高到98. 3%,表明算法的有效性。     

去噪小波包能量法在水声信号识别中的应用

对小波包能量法进行改进，提出了一种新的方法——去噪小波包能量法，该算法对信号小波去噪后，再用小波包能量法提取信号的特征；应用去噪小波包能量法研究了不同的小波去噪方法对水声信号分类识别率的影响，在实测信号样本集上用BP神经网络进行了识别实验。结果显示软阈值、硬阈值、弹性阈值3种标准的小波去噪方法均能明显提高信号识别率，其中最为显著的是软阈值标准去噪，信号的识别率可由未去噪的53．3％提高到98．3％，表明算法的有效性。     

VMD-SG-WT去噪法及其在混沌去噪中的应用

为对混沌信号进行降噪,提出基于变分模态分解(VMD)的混合去噪(VMD-SG-WT)方法,首先基于各分量间的最小巴氏距离确定VMD分解模态参数,通过VMD将混沌信号分解成多个本征模态函数(IMFs);然后分别计算各个IMF分量与原始信号间的相关因数,根据相关关系指标确定IMF分量的含噪程度,对有效成分主导的信息分量重构进行Savitzky-Golay平滑滤波,对噪声主导的噪声分量重构进行小波降噪处理;最后利用平滑的信息分量与小波去噪的噪声分量进行重构,得到最终去噪的信号。采用VMD-SG-WT去噪法对Lorenz系统产生的仿真信号和实测的太阳黑子数序列进行降噪处理,并与局部投影去噪法、小波去噪法、经验模态分解(EMD)去噪法和单一VMD去噪法进行对比。结果表明:VMD-SG-WT去噪法能够有效对混沌信号进行降噪,去噪效果相对优于其他去噪方法的去噪效果。     

大桥几何监测数据去噪方法研究

提出并优化了EMD小波组合去噪法对大桥监测结果进行去噪的过程,并与EMD去噪法、小波阈值去噪法进行比较。结果表明,优化的EMD小波去噪法是一种高效的大桥动态监测信号去噪方法,去噪效果最好。     

一般地形大光斑激光测高回波模拟研究

国内对基于陆地模型的地表回波仿真的研究较多,主要分析了三种特定的地表模型:平面、阶梯、斜坡地形,取得了不错的进展,但是却不具有一般性。针对这种情况,本文从一般性地表模型出发,根据实际的地形三维离散点,用Delaunay三角形剖分拟合出地表模型,用剖分后的三角面片返回的能量代表整个地表返回的能量,拟合出回波波形。通过和GLAS系统获取的相同区域的实际回波波形进行相关性比较,结果发现两者具有很好的相关性,验证了算法的正确性。文章结论为后续继续深入开展激光大光斑内精细地形信息分析、激光测高数据与光学影像复合处理提供了理论基础,为发展我国自主的星载激光测高卫星的有关指标论证提供参考。     

基于暗原色先验去雾算法的研究与改进

在雾天情况下,室外采集到的图像易受到噪声干扰,质量降低,清晰度下降。在对常用的几种图像去雾方法的对比分析及研究的基础上,提出了改进的基于小波变换结合暗原色先验去雾的快速算法。通过小波分解可求出近似环境光,对环境光,大气光的估计,可对原图像进行复原。实验表明,改进的算法不但去雾效果明显,图像色彩丰富,而且可以有效地减少运行时间,提高运行速度。     

Jason-3卫星高度计回波波形去噪及重定方法研究

针对传统波形重定方法无法有效处理近海区域卫星高度计回波波形中的噪声问题,提出基于奇异谱分析的Jason-3高度计回波波形重定新方法,以进一步提高波形重定数据质量。通过奇异谱分析方法滤除回波波形中包含的噪声信息,提取出主要波形信息,然后进行波形重定处理。对原始波形及去噪后的波形分别进行波形重定处理,比较分析重定海面高。结果表明,本文提出的基于奇异谱分析的Jason-3高度计回波波形重定方法是有效、可靠的,对进一步拓宽卫星测高技术在近海区域的应用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

面向中尺度涡提取的SLA去噪方法研究

噪声去除一直是基于卫星高度计资料的海洋中尺度涡提取研究的难点和热点,然而无论是卷积滤波器还是信息滤波器都存在对海面高度异常（SLA）数据的局部过处理现象。鉴于此,本文提出一种基于包络面去噪的海洋中尺度涡提取方法。该算法可利用分离层内的信息稳定性和层间的信息完备性,很好地改进了卷积运算没有考虑局部噪声的不足,进而有效地提高去噪能力。其具体流程为：首先,对初始化的原始数据场进行上下包络面构造,形成原始数据子场;然后,根据子场内部和子场间的稳健性,把原始数据场转换为子场集合;其次,利用子场极差和标准差,对子场集合进行信息重组,形成噪声去除后的信息场;最后,利用去噪后的信息场数据,采用Winding-Angle（WA）和泛克立金中尺度涡提取算法在西北太平洋进行对比验证实验。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法较前人的方法有较大的提升,准确率为91.23%,取得了较好的应用效果。     

基于双树复小波的变形监测数据去噪分析

将双树复小波引入到变形监测数据去噪中,从信号分解、去噪过程和去噪质量3个方面综合评价其可行性和有效性。理论分析和算例表明,信噪分离的质量会对阈值估计、阈值去噪和信号重构产生较大影响,信噪分离较好的信号能在一定程度上削弱阈值函数存在的缺陷;双树复小波的分解效果优于传统离散小波,能较好地表现出细节部分的频率信息,使变形信号的周期性变化特征更为明显,可以应用于变形监测数据分析。     

A method for the removal of ray refraction effects in multibeam echo sounder systems

To a multibeam echo sounder system (MBES), under water sound refraction plays an important role in depth measure-ment accuracy, and errors in sound velocity profile lead to inaccuracies in the measured depth (especially for outer beams). A method is developed to estimate the sound velocity profile based on the depth measured by vertical beam. Using this depth and other pa-rameters, such as t (sound pulse propagation time), 0 (beam inclination angle), etc. We can estimate a simple sound velocity profile with which the depth error has been reduced. This method has been tested with a real dataset acquired in the East China Sea.     

排序对模糊度解算中降相关性能的影响分析

针对不同排序算法对模糊度解算存在降相关性能影响的问题,从理论上分析了自然升序法、对称旋转法及扰动升序法的降相关原理,并基于模拟数据和实测数据,从降相关时间、搜索时间、总体耗时、Bootstrapping成功率及条件数5个方面对3种算法进行对比分析。结果表明,降相关效率与搜索椭球压缩程度呈负相关关系,搜索椭球压缩程度越高,降相关效率越低;对于不同的排序算法,提高降相关性能的关键在于减少降相关时间及对条件方差按一定方向排序,进而提高搜索效率。     

冰雹云雷达回波自动识别系统

利用CAPPI资料对立体风暴进行识别，计算并提供出实用的风暴结构参数，采用矩心踊跃法和矩不变量法相结合对单体风暴和混合性风暴回波进行跟踪；最小二第线性外推预报；根据WSD－88D的冰雹算法，在风暴结构基础上本文建立了Windows98操作平台上冰雹识别系统，经单站1年11次强对流天气过程的资料检验，结果表明：雹云识别精度达82％。系统建立了大量人机对话框以方便用户，增加实用性及推广性。     

Study on shaded transducer for acoustic scattering system

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STUDY ON FREQUENCY CODING ANTI—INTERFERENCE SYSTEM FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN SHALLOW WATER ACOUSTIC CHANNELS

Achieving reliable underwater communication in shallow water acoustic channels is a difficult because of the random time-varying nature of multipath propagation,severe amplitude fluctuation,and spatial variability of the channel conditions.This paper describes a new signal processing technique-frequency coding and decoding by means of real-time measurement of signal width,jamming and suppressing multipath interference and using redundant coder.The application of the technique to thd model ZTY-1 status monitor for underwater system of seabed is introduced in this paper.The main principle,the technique specifications and the key techniques of the system are discussed here.Theoretical estimations and experimental results proved that the performance of the system is excellent.The method can be used for some other related low-data-rate data transmission detecting in shallow water acoustic channel.     

盆地东北部特大暴雨雷达回波分析

对2002年6月7日至9日发生在盆地东北部遂宁市和南充市的特大暴雨雷达回波演变特点、高度、强度及外形特征进行了分析。得出：雷达回波不断从盆地南部以逆时针方向朝盆地东北部汇合，形成50dbz左右，高约14km的强中心区域，该回波在盆地东北部累计活动时间长达10h以上，直接导致了这次特大暴雨发生。这对今后类似天气过程雷达回波信息的有效利用提供了参考依据。     

Full-wave synthetic acoustic logs in porous media

In order to investigate the permeability of porous media,it is necessary to figure out the property of wave propagation in this medium. The authors calculated the full waveforms and the 2-dimensional spectrum of fluid saturated porous media,analyzed the wave propagation characteristics of different permeable stratums. From the theoretical acoustic pressure waveform received at the well-axis and the 2-D spectrum it is revealed that longitudinal-,transverse-,Stoneley-,pseudo-Rayleigh-,longitudinal mode-and transverse mode waves are different in characters in various permeable strata. Stoneley wave is sensitive to the change of permeability,and its frequency range and amplitude attenuation are influenced by permeability.     

Detection of PPM acoustic Pulse in shallow sea channels

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Extraction method of component waves in full waveform acoustic data and its application

In conventional slowness-time coherence(STC)method,slowness and time need to be searched at the same time,which limits the precision and lowers the efficiency.The dichotomy method combined with slowness-time coherence algorithm aims to enhance the efficiency of data processing and to improve the precision.The algorithm changes the searching pattern of conventional slowness-time coherence method to acquire the slowness of component waves in array acoustic logging data.Based on energy ratio of short time window versus long time window and slowness-time coherence method,the algorithm first acquires the arrivals of the component waves using energy ratio of short time window versus long time window method.It then uses the calculated results as the arrivals in conventional slowness-time coherence method,so the slowness-time two-dimensional searching process is simplified to slowness searching process.Based on dichotomy method,the searching pattern is further optimized in replace of the ergodic searching pattern in conventional slowness-time coherence method,which means that as the iteration proceeds,the current searching interval is reduced to half of the former,so the number of searching times is decreased.The dichotomy method combined with slowness-time coherence algorithm is applied to well L in the data processing.Compared with conventional slowness-time coherence method,for compressional wave,the searching efficiency of the algorithm is 4.53 times better,while for Stoneley wave,the searching efficiency is 1.85 times better.Compared with conventional logging data,the average absolute error of the results of the dichotomy method combined with slowness-time coherence algorithm is 1.14μs/ft smaller than that of the conventional method,while the average relative error is 1.2 percent lower.The dichotomy method combined with slowness-time coherence algorithm shows good results in its application,which can enhance the processing efficiency remarkably while getting reliable results at the same time.     

Tests of new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system in Qingdao

A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties （compressional wave velocity and attenuation）. The new in-situ system consists of two parts： the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.