典型隔水边界非稳定流承压含水层抽水试验研究

隔水边界附近的承压含水层,即半无限区域的承压含水层参数的准确求取对于特定地段的地下水资源量计算具有重要意义。以高密市柴沟镇小于家庄抽水试验为例,详细阐述了隔水边界附近的承压含水层参数求取过程,并对结果进行较为详尽的讨论。     

分析含水层水位恢复数据的多次直线解析法

提出了一种分析含水层抽水试验中水位恢复数据的新方法。在方法的建立过程中,考虑了地下水位在上升和下降过程中,含水层的的释水系数和贮水系数之间可能存在着的差异。对表示水位恢复阶段降深变化表达式中的两个表达式都采用了相同的简化方式,即对由于持续抽水引起的降深项和停抽时刻开始的虚拟注水引起的降深项,均采用了保留Theis井函数的级数表达式中前三项作为其简化式,简化条件为无量纲时间 和 。在这样的简化条件下,建立了具有同时能够确定含水层导水系数、贮水系数和释水系数的方法。根据贮水系数和释水系数是否相等,可以判断含水层水位下降与水位恢复过程的形变是否可逆。最后,通过算例说明了方法的应用步骤。     

利用群孔抽水试验水位恢复资料计算水文地质参数的新方法

在分析传统的非稳定流Ｔｈｅｉｓ、Ｊａｃｏｂ计算公式的基础上,从理论介绍了一种利用群孔抽水试验水位恢复资料计算水文地质参数的新方法。     

利用非稳定流抽水试验资料确定含水层参数的两种有效方法

本文提出了利用抽水试验资料计算参数的两种更为有效且实用的方法；改进解析法和高斯－－牛顿迭代算法，利用此法可快速，准确算出含水层导水系数、弹性释水系数、压力传导系数和渗透系数。     

深层热水井抽水试验资料分析与参数计算

本文通过抽水试验资料整理与分析，基本解释了一个现象：热水井抽水时，若控制出水量较小，会出现水位不下降反而逐渐升高，待水位恢复时又急剧上升，并在高出原静水位后徐徐下降，对水位和温度变化关系提出了见解，推求的抽水情况下静水位经验公式代替了逐点水位修正，对热水恢复曲线形态作了较详细的分析，参数计算也是可取的。     

非稳定流抽水试验求参的一维搜索法

本文根据最小二乘法原理，将非稳定流抽水试验确定水文地质参数的问题转化为单变量求极值问题，对导压系数进行一维搜索，从而定出量最佳的参数值，实例计算表明，利用该方法求水文地质参数具有概念清晰，精度较高，计算可程序化等优点。     

边界补给量计算方法在宋桥井田的应用研究

利用宋桥井田奥灰群孔抽水试验资料,根据补（隔）水边界水位曲线的特征,采用半对数直线图解法,将井田F2-9断层定性为补给边界。为了解补给边界的补给量,选用边界补给量计算方法．计算出了边界补给量占孔流量的65％,从而较客观地确定了井田水文地质条件类型。     

利用观测井的抽水试验分析裂隙介质特征的新方法

在关系式ｓ（ｒ，ｔ）＝Ａｔ￣Ｎ与描述裂隙介质中流体普通渗流方程的基本解之间，得到一新的分析方法。假定一个非整数的渗流维，而且假如至少具有两个观测井是有效的，以及渗流流经足够多的裂隙时，这种分析方法可以通过同描述多孔介质含水层相似的参数来刻划裂隙介质的特征。此时，渗流系统行为就是一分形实体。在几个方向上沿轴布置的观测井，可以分析出介质的各向异性的特征。野外的两个实际应用阐明了提出的方法。     

缅甸船厂抽水试验井壁坍塌原因分析及处理措施

缅甸船厂12000DWT干船坞工程在抽水试验井施工过程中发生部分井壁坍塌,究其原因,有地下水动力作用的自然因素,又有桩基础挤土效应、压密注浆等人为诱发因素。通过现场观测和分析,在利用地下水动力作用方向的基础上,采取了改善泥浆性能、预先释放挤土应力等措施后,井壁无坍塌现象出现。经抽水试验验证,成井效果良好。     

承压完整井非稳定流抽水试验的观测时间要求

文章针对无界承压含水层中完整井的非稳定流抽水试验,将Theis公式描述的水位降深与时间的变化关系作为观测井外水位变化的理论真值,考虑观测井内外达到水力平衡所引起的滞后时间因素,推导了观测井内水位变化的理论测量值,分析了测量值与真值之间的相对误差以及测量值接近真值所需要的观测时间。     

A computer method based on simulated annealing to identify aquifer parameters using pumping‐test data

Conventional graphical or computer methods for identifying aquifer parameters have their own inevitable limitations. This paper proposes a computer method based on a drawdown model and a heuristic approach of simulated annealing (SA) to determine the best‐fit aquifer parameters of the confined and unconfined aquifer systems. The drawdown model for the confined aquifer is the Theis solution and the unconfined aquifer is the Neuman solution. The estimated results of proposed method have better accuracy than those of the graphical methods and agree well with those of the computer methods based on the extended Kalman filter and Newton's method. Finally, the sensitivity analyses for the control parameters of SA indicate that the proposed method is very robust and stable in parameter identification procedures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

确定含水层渗透系数的冲击试验方法

运用Hvorslevr冲击试验方法测定CIRP试验场地下研究设施(URF)试验含水层的渗透系数。由于含水层厚度小、富水性差,正在进行核素迁移试验,以及操作空间有限,因此不能进行抽水或注水试验,同时考虑到试验范围较小,故采取冲击试验求含水层的渗透系数。含水层介质为亚粘土,隔水底板距URF底板面约6m。试验的冲击量小,可以忽略URF内南部含水层对试验结果的影响。试验钻孔的孔径和井管内径相近,减小了钻孔结构对试验结果的影响。试验结果(472×10-4、658×10-4cm/s)与采用自URF内试验含水层的未扰动土柱所作的室内渗透试验结果(41×10-4～82×10-4cm/s)在同一数量级。     

利用滨海地下水潮汐效应估计含水层参数:以北海半岛为例

通过分析滨海含水层中观测孔的水位动态资料,确定含水层的水力性质和某些参数,或推测含水层在海底的延伸长度和露头处是否存在覆盖层,是水文地质学家一直很感兴趣的问题之一。文中充分分析了广西北海半岛滨海地区水文地质条件,将研究区第一个承压含水层系统概化为具有上覆弱透水层越流和含水层海底露头覆盖层的垂向三层结构的不稳定流模型。应用该模型的解析解对广西北海半岛滨海含水层系统的观测数据进行了分析,拟合效果很好,并利用最小平方罚函数法估算了研究区含水层的参数。     

旁压试验在苏通大桥地质勘察工程中的应用

详细介绍了旁压试验的使用方法,以及受潮汐影响的大桥勘察旁压原位测试中的特殊处理措施,分析了旁压试验中各强度参数指标的处理方法和原则,并运用这些方法和原则处理了苏通大桥旁压试验的强度参数指标,为大桥的设计提供了设计强度参数,也可为同类工程提供参考意义。     

Comparison between Neuman (1975) and Jacob (1946) application for analysing pumping test data of unconfined aquifer

Pumping test of a water table aquifer is carried out to estimate the aquifer parameters, the obtained data were analysed through the solution of both Neuman (1975) and Jacob (1946) methods through AQTESOLV and Spreadsheet programs, the results of each methods are compared to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of the solution theoretically and practically. In the paper an example is presented, which is conducted for a constant rate pumping test from Ohio, in Fairborn (near Dayton), and it supplied by S.E. Norris (U.S. Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio). The main objective of this study is to introduce both program and the way of the applications, and compare the results and the hand on of both programs in the field.     

Inverse modelling of aquifer parameters in basaltic rock with the help of pumping test method using MODFLOW software

The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems. As groundwater flows through an aquifer, its composition and temperature may variation dependent on the aquifer condition through which it flows. Thus, hydrologic investigations can also provide useful information about the subsurface geology of a region. But because such studies investigate processes that follow under the Earth's shallow, obtaining the information necessary to answer these questions is not continuously easy. Springs, which discharge groundwater table directly, afford to study subsurface hydrogeological processes.The present study of estimation of aquifer factors such as transmissivity (T) and storativity (S) are vital for the evaluation of groundwater resources. There are several methods to estimate the accurate aquifer parameters (i.e. hydrograph analysis, pumping test, etc.). In initial days, these parameters are projected either by means of in-situ test or execution test on aquifer well samples carried in the laboratory. The simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well (borehole) that provides on this method, the reservoir and the reservoir boundaries, are important for efficient aquifer and well data management and analysis. The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on wells, which involves the measurement of the fall and increase of groundwater level with respect to time. The alteration in groundwater level (drawdown/recovery) is caused due to pumping of water from the well. Theis (1935) was first to propose method to evaluate aquifer parameters from the pumping test on a bore well in a confined aquifer. It is essential to know the transmissivity (T = Kb, where b is the aquifer thickness; pumping flow rate, Q = TW (dh/dl) flow through an aquifer) and storativity (confined aquifer: S = bS_s, unconfined: S = S_y), for the characterization of the aquifer parameters in an unknown area so as to predict the rate of drawdown of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface throughout the pumping test of an aquifer. The determination of aquifer's parameters is an important basis for groundwater resources evaluation, numerical simulation, development and protection as well as scientific management. For determining aquifer's parameters, pumping test is a main method. A case study shows that these techniques have been fast speed and high correctness. The results of parameter's determination are optimized so that it has important applied value for scientific research and geology engineering preparation.     

基于边界点搜索的洞室外域映射函数求解法

弹性力学中,把地下洞室外域变换成单位圆外域的映射函数最普遍的形式是Laurent级数,因而求解级数表达式中的系数则成为求解地下洞室解析解问题的关键。而通过搜索边界映射点的方法,可以得出一种求解映射函数表达式系数的新解法。该法首先初始化一组近似的对应关系,通过这一初始映射关系所求解出来的映射函数,得出单位圆上点的相应的映射点及初始映射洞形,由这些相邻映射点之间的距离,根据等距离比的原则,求出对应的在实际地下洞室边界上的点坐标。再根据这一改进的对应关系,求解出第1次迭代的映射函数,如此循环下去,直到近似洞形与实际洞形足够地接近为止。运用该方法可以灵活控制Laurent级数的项数、迭代循环的次数以及映射洞形的精度。该法能快速求解出各种复杂单个单连通区域洞形的映射函数,尤其对目前工程中常见的复杂洞形,都能得出相当精确的映射函数     

基于岩体三轴压缩试验的节理力学参数确定方法

岩体节理面的刚度系数、黏结力和内摩擦角是反映节理面力学特性的重要参数。基于含不同倾角节理岩样的三轴压缩试验,通过对标准岩样的应力-位移分析,由互等功原理,建立节理岩样应变与位移新的几何关系,推导出弹性状态下节理刚度系数解析解,根据摩尔-库仑强度理论得出节理面的黏结力和内摩擦角。为了检验方法的正确性,对含节理面的同类岩体进行直接剪切试验,测出节理面的法向刚度、切向刚度、黏结力和内摩擦角。结果表明,两种方法所得结果基本吻合,说明所提出的方法可以通过节理岩样三轴压缩试验及理论分析间接得到岩体节理面的刚度系数、黏结力和内摩擦角,实现了节理岩体力学参数的简捷、快速测定。