A new Late Miocene chondrichthyan assemblage from the Chagres Formation,Panama

The lLate Miocene Chagres Formation from northern Panama contains the youngest outcrops of the Panama Canal Basin. Here we report two chondrichthyan assemblages that include 30 taxa from both the Rio Indio and Chagres Sandstone Members of the Chagres Formation. We report 18 new fossil records for Panama and four for tropical America, constituting the most diverse chondrichthyan association for the Cenozoic of Panama. We performed a paleobathymetry analysis based on the modern water depth preference of extant chondrichthyan taxa. The assemblage from the Rio Indio Member is characterized by taxa with neritic affinities, suggesting depths <100 m, whereas the assemblage from the Chagres Sandstone Member is dominated by taxa with oceanic affinities, suggesting 200–300 m water depths. The Chagres Sandstone Member could have accumulated at the edge of a platform–upper slope, bordered by a deep oceanic margin.     

孤北-桩海地区东营组层序地层对比及层序地层格架

笔者通过大量的钻井岩芯观察、地震剖面解释、测井资料分析,详细研究了东营组层序划分和特征,共划分出了两个长期旋回,4个中期旋回。在层序划分的基础上,进行了全区的地层对比,各层序在不同地区发育程度不同是由于当时的古地理背景不同以及后期构造抬升剥蚀程度不同所造成的。分别建立了东西和南北向的层序地层格架模型,不同时期各中期旋回在不同地区有不同的发育特征。     

姬塬地区长8油层组层序地层格架内成岩相展布特征

通过岩心观察并充分利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、X-衍射和扫描电镜等资料,对姬塬地区长8油层组储层的成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩阶段和成岩演化序列特征等进行了研究。根据成岩作用类型及强度、成岩矿物等将储层划分为绿泥石衬边弱溶蚀、不稳定组分溶蚀、压实致密、高岭石充填和碳酸盐胶结5种成岩相。并通过岩心薄片资料刻度测井归纳出不同成岩相在GR、AC等测井曲线及其组合上的响应特征,由此实现各单井储层成岩相的连续划分。对长8油层组层序界面和基准面旋回与成岩相展布的关系进行了研究,结果表明层序界面附近不稳定组分溶蚀相及高岭石充填相较为发育,且各井之间对比性良好,同时层序界面也控制了碳酸盐胶结;中期基准面旋回的最大湖泛面处均发育井间可对比的压实致密相,长82中期基准面下降半旋回砂体一方面易于遭受溶蚀产生次生孔,另一方面由于受沉积驻留和碎屑组分影响导致压实强度较弱,因此物性总体比长81砂体好。     

A fossil aardvark (Mammalia, Tubulidentata) from the lower Pliocene of Chad

The Mission Paléoanthropologique Franco-Tchadienne (MPFT) found a new species of Orycteropodidae (Mammalia, Tubulidentata) in the Kollé fossiliferous sector, northern Chad. After Orycteropus abundulafus [Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 (1) (2000) 205–209; Lehmann, T., Vignaud, P., Likius A., Brunet M., in press. A new Orycteropodidae (Mammalia, Tubulidentata) in the Mio-Pliocene of Northern Chad. Zool. J. Linnean Soc.], this specimen is the second complete skeleton of fossil aardvark found in the Djurab desert. It is the first complete representative of an Orycteropus species found in the Pliocene of Africa. In regard to the Miocene fossil aardvarks, this new taxon, Orycteropus djourabensis nov. sp., shows more affinities with the extant O. afer. The main differences are the larger teeth and the shorter hand in the fossil form. Kossom Bougoudi and Kollé represent a chronological series that gives a unique opportunity for studying the evolution of the African Tubulidentata around the Mio-Pliocene boundary (5.5-4 My). The new species is distinct from the older Chadian Orycteropodid from KB and it embodies the taxonomic turnover that took place within the order Tubulidentata around this boundary in Africa. Moreover, this new species is the oldest known Orycteropus species that clearly belongs to the modern forms including the extant aardvark.     

Upper Permian plant fossil assemblage of Bijori Formation: A case study of Glossopteris flora beyond the limit of Raniganj Formation

Plant fossils collected from the Bijori Formation of Satpura Gondwana Basin are described in detail from the type locality as well as from other exposures. The assemblage is dominated by glossopterid remains with few specimens of pteridophyte of Glossopteris flora viz. Santhalea bansloiensis, Neomariopteris sp., Trizygia speciosa and 20 species of Glossopteris viz., G. angustifolia, G. searsoliensis, G. tenuifolia, G. surangei, G. kamthiensis, G. utkalensis, G. syaldiensis, G. sp. cf G. zeilleri, G. stricta, G. bosei, G. intermittens, G. stenoneura, G. gopadensis, G. wilkinsonii, G. retifera, G. conspicua, G. mohudaensis, G. browniana, G. communis, G. indica, Vertebraria indica, dispersed seeds of Cordaicarpustype and equisetalean axes with or without nodes and internodes.     

A Late Jurassic fossil assemblage in Gondwana: Biostratigraphy and correlations of the Tacuarembó Formation, Parana Basin, Uruguay

The Tacuarembó Formation has yielded a fossil assemblage that includes the best known body fossils, consisting of isolated scales, teeth, spines, and molds of bones, recovered from thin and patchy bonebeds, from the Botucatu Desert, Parana Basin, South America. The remains are preserved in the sandstones widespread around the city of Tacuarembó. We propose a new formalized nomenclature for the Tacuarembó Formation, naming its “Lower” and “Upper” members as the Batoví (new name) and Rivera (new rank) members, respectively. An assemblage zone is defined for the Batoví Member (fluviolacustrine and aeolian deposits). In this unit, the freshwater hybodontid shark Priohybodus arambourgi D’Erasmo is well represented. This species was previously recorded in Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous units of the Sahara and the southern Arabian Peninsula. Globally considered, the fossil assemblage of this member (P. arambourgi, dipnoan fishes, Ceratosaurus-like theropods, and conchostracans) is indicative of a Kimmeridgian–Tithonian age, which in combination with the stratigraphic relationships of the Tacuarembó Formation with the overlying basalts of the Arapey Formation (132 My average absolute age) implies that the latter was deposited during the Kimmeridgian–Hauterivian interval.     

龙永煤田童子岩组层序地层格架与聚煤规律研究

龙永煤田位于我国华南晚古生代闽西南地体聚煤盆地中最主要的富煤带上,童子岩组是其主要含煤岩系。笔者在收集岩心、野外露头和测井等地质资料的基础上,运用层序地层学的基本理论和研究思路,对龙永煤田童子岩组进行了分析,确定了层序界线,阐明其层序地层格架,揭示了该煤田的聚煤规律。研究表明：童子岩组存在初始海泛面和最大海侵面两个关键界面。初始海泛面位于童子组二段的Ⅱ标志层底部,是三级层序（层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ）的分界面;最大海泛面位于童子组二段泥岩的顶部,是三级层序Ⅱ中海侵体系域与高水位体系域的分界面。层序Ⅰ包含6个四级层序（准层序S1～S6）,层序Ⅱ包含6个四级层序（准层序S7～S12）,其中层序Ⅰ对应文笔山组和童子岩组一段地层,层序Ⅱ对应童子岩组二段和三段地层。聚煤作用主要发生在高位体系域中,最重要的聚煤作用发育在障壁岛—泻湖相和滨岸湖泊相中,主采煤层主要发育在S3、S4、S9、S10和S12的5个准层序内。     

Early Miocene shell concentration in the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system of Kutch and their distribution in sequence stratigraphic framework

The Early Miocene succession of Kutch represents a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic depositional system. The carbonate part of the succession, characterized by high abundance of shallow marine benthic fauna, hosts typical shell concentrations (also referred as shell beds). The thickness of shell concentrations vary in scale from 5 cm to 100 cm and are separated by poorly fossiliferous to barren silty shales/siltstones. Based on taphonomic and sedimentological observations, shell concentrations are classified as lag, event, composite/multi-event and hiatal types. The occurrence of different types of shell concentrations in the background of sequence stratigraphic framework is the main theme for the present study. Overall, the shell concentrations occupy the middle part of the sequence i.e. upper part of the transgressive systems tract and lower part of the highstand systems tract. Lag concentrations are found in the lower part of the sequence while composite concentrations, the major contributors in the sequence, occur in upper part of the transgressive systems tract and in the lower part of the highstand systems tract. The hiatal concentrations are associated with maximum flooding surface while the position of event concentrations is independent of sequence stratigraphic framework. The shell concentrations occupy marine flooding surface or marine ravinement surface, thus mark parasequence boundaries.     

测井资料小波变换在高分辨率层序地层划分中的应用

针对高分辨率层序地层单元的划分问题,利用迄今分辨率最高、连续性最好的测井资料,对其应用小波变换进行数据处理的方法.经实际应用结果表明,测井资料的小波变换能够很好地识别地质作用中的隐蔽周期.通过大量的实际对比工作,发现利用dmey小波对自然伽玛曲线做一维连续小波变换,以及利用Daubechies小波对电阻率曲线做一维离散小波变换,都能在地层多级别旋回性的研究中取得较好效果,并且克服了利用岩心资料分析确定层序界面时的人为影响,弥补了利用岩心、地震等资料确定层序界面位置时的模糊缺陷,使层序界面的位置客观、准确.     

内蒙古开鲁盆地陆东凹陷九佛堂组层序地层格架与岩性圈闭

本文应用Vail层序地层学原理,综合利用地震、钻井、测井资料,对内蒙古开鲁盆地陆东凹陷早白垩统九佛堂组进行层序地层学研究,进而分析了层序格架内岩性圈闭的发育情况。研究发现,九佛堂组顶、底分别为上超面和削截面,内部可识别出初始湖泛面和最大湖泛面。在层序格架内九佛堂组发育扇三角洲、近岸浊积扇、远岸浊积扇和湖泊相。研究结果表明:九佛堂组为一个三级层序,可划分出低位、湖侵和高位体系域。九佛堂组岩性圈闭的发育类型及分布模式受层序格架及沉积相带控制。在盆地陡坡带主要发育构造-岩性圈闭,在深洼带主要发育砂岩透镜体圈闭,在盆地的缓坡带主要发育砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭。     

Sedimentology and stratigraphic development of the upper Nyalau Formation (Early Miocene), Sarawak,Malaysia: A mixed wave- and tide-influenced coastal system

This work presents the first detailed facies analysis of the upper Nyalau Formation exposed around Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The Lower Miocene Nyalau Formation exposures in NW Sarawak represent one of the closest sedimentological outcrop analogues to the age equivalent, hydrocarbon-bearing, offshore deposits of the Balingian Province. Nine types of facies associations are recognised in the Nyalau Formation, which form elements of larger-scale facies successions. Wave-dominated shoreface facies successions display coarsening upward trends from Offshore, into Lower Shoreface and Upper Shoreface Facies Associations. Fluvio-tidal channel facies successions consist of multi-storey stacks of Fluvial-Dominated, Tide-Influenced and Tide-Dominated Channel Facies Associations interbedded with minor Bay and Mangrove Facies Associations. Estuarine bay facies successions are composed of Tidal Bar and Bay Facies Associations with minor Mangrove Facies Associations. Tide-dominated delta facies successions coarsen upward from an Offshore into the Tidal Bar Facies Association. The Nyalau Formation is interpreted as a mixed wave- and tide-influenced coastal depositional system, with an offshore wave-dominated barrier shoreface being incised by laterally migrating tidal channels and offshore migrating tidal bars. Stratigraphic successions in the Nyalau Formation form repetitive high frequency, regressive–transgressive cycles bounded by flooding surfaces, consisting of a basal coarsening upward, wave-dominated shoreface facies succession (representing a prograding barrier shoreface and/or beach-strandplain) which is sharply overlain by fluvio-tidal channel, estuarine bay or tide-dominated delta facies successions (representing more inshore, tide-influenced coastal depositional environments). An erosion surface separates the underlying wave-dominated facies succession from overlying tidal facies successions in each regressive–transgressive cycle. These erosion surfaces are interpreted as unconformities formed when base level fall resulted in deep incision of barrier shorefaces. Inshore, fluvio-tidal successions above the unconformity display upward increase in marine influence and are interpreted as transgressive incised valley fills.     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组层序地层格架与油气勘探

通过露头剖面、钻井岩心、录井剖面、测井曲线及微量元素等多种资料的综合分析,在识别出5种不同成因类型层序界面的基础上,将上三叠统延长组划分为区域上分布稳定的4个长期基准面旋回(LSC1、LSC2、LSC3、LSC4)。在此基础上详细讨论了层序与生储盖组合的关系,指出生储盖组合特征与长期基准面旋回最为密切,有利储层发育位置主要出现在基准面旋回上升半旋回的早中期以及下降半旋回的中晚期,基准面升降转换位置发育的湖相泥、页岩为良好的烃源岩及盖层。     

A critical appraisal of the Cayconi Formation, Crucero Basin, southeastern Peru

The Cayconi Formation of the Crucero Basin, Puno Department, southeastern Peru, has been described as a 800–1000 m sequence of Oligocene and Miocene fanglomerate and lacustrine sedimentary rocks, interlayered with mafic and silicic volcanic rocks, and unconformably overlying Paleozoic and Cretaceous successions. On the basis of new field and petrological investigations, key aspects of the stratigraphic relationships of the rocks comprising this formation, and hence the viability of this lithostratigraphic name, are questioned. Thus, several sedimentary units previously assigned to the Cayconi Formation are reinterpreted as Cretaceous or older. We further argue that the formational terminology fails to accomodate the great variety of volcanic rocks, which are, moreover, disposed in isolated eruptive fields. We therefore propose establishment of the Crucero Supergroup as a broad, yet flexible framework for lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Tertiary sequences of the Cordillera Oriental of southeastern Peru. This new nomenclature accomodates the voluminous two-mica ash flow tuffs (Macusani Volcanics) and associated rocks of the Quenamari Meseta, a succession excluded from the existing lithostratigraphic classification scheme. It also permits distinction between the petrogenetically-contrasted upper Oligocene — Lower Miocene and Middle Miocene — Upper Miocene volcanic suites, which dominate, respectively, the Picotani and Quenamari Groups comprising the proposed Crucero Supergroup. Finally, the economically important granitic/rhyolitic intrusive centers cogenetic with the volcanic rocks are readily assignable to intrusive lithodemes in each group.     

西藏阿里札达盆地上新统鼠兔类牙齿化石的发现

首次在西藏阿里札达盆地上新世河湖相沉积地层中发现了鼠兔类牙齿化石,对鼠兔类牙齿化石的基本特征进行了描述,并在同一层位中采集了大量孢粉、古动物和古植物化石。结合区域地质特征,产出鼠兔类牙齿化石地层的古地磁、ESR测年资料,沉积学特征等的简要分析,认为札达盆地鼠兔类的]化迁徙与上新世时气候由温暖湿润向寒冷潮湿—温和干旱的变化有关。显然,这一发现有助于认识青藏高原新近纪上新世的生物]化、气候变化和构造活动,并为研究青藏高原新近纪以来的生物进化、湖泊与河流]化、气候变化、古地理与古环境变迁和古近系、新近系、第四系地层划分等提供了新资料。     

贵州南部泥盆系层序地层划分和层序地层格架的建立

贵州南部的泥盆系为一个大型的楔状体。从深水背景的广西南丹罗富剖面到古陆边缘的贵阳乌当剖面,泥盆系由13个层序变薄尖灭成5个层序,这是泥盆纪早期海侵尖灭与晚期海退尖灭的结果。研究区泥盆系由海侵碎屑岩岩系到清水台地碳酸盐岩岩系地层序列构成2个二级层序,又可进一步划分为13个三级层序。二级层序和三级层序均由其特殊的沉积相序列组成。研究区泥盆系层序地层划分和层序地层格架的建立提供了一个在年代地层与海平面变化框架内研究“相迁移”的良好实例。     

A new magnetostratigraphic framework for the Lower Miocene (Burdigalian/Ottnangian, Karpatian) in the North Alpine Foreland Basin

Oligocene–Miocene chronostratigraphic correlations within the Paratethys domain are still highly controversial. This study focuses on the late Early Miocene of the Swiss and S-German Molasse Basin (Late Burdigalian, Ottnangian–Karpatian). Previous studies have published different chronologies for this time interval that is represented by the biostratigraphically well constrained Upper Marine Molasse (OMM, lower and middle Ottnangian), Upper Brackish Molasse (OBM, Grimmelfingen and Kirchberg Formations, middle and upper Ottnangian to lower Karpatian, MN 4a–MN 4b) and Upper Freshwater Molasse (OSM, Karpatian–Badenian, MN 5). Here, we suggest a new chronostratigraphic framework, based on integrated magneto-litho-biostratigraphic studies on four sections and three boreholes. Our data indicate that the OBM comprises chrons 5D.1r and 5Dn (Grimmelfingen Fm), chron 5Cr (lower Kirchberg Fm) and the oldest part of chron 5Cn.3n (upper Kirchberg Fm). The OSM begins during chron 5Cn.3n, continues through 5Cn, and includes a long reversed segment that can be correlated to chron 5Br. The OMM-OSM transition was completed at 16.0 Ma in the Swiss Molasse Basin, while the OBM-OSM changeover ended at 16.6 Ma in the S-German Molasse Basin. As the lower Kirchberg Fm represents a facies of the Ottnangian, our data suggest that the Ottnangian–Karpatian boundary in the Molasse Basin is approximately at 16.8 Ma, close to the 5Cr–5Cn.3n magnetic reversal, and thus 0.4 Myr younger than the inferred age of 17.2 Ma used in recent Paratethys time scales. Notably, this would not be problematic for the Paratethys stratigraphy, because chron 5Cr is mainly represented by a sedimentation gap in the Central Paratethys. We also realise, however, that additional data is still required to definitely solve the age debate concerning this intriguing time interval in the North Alpine Foreland Basin. We dedicate this work to our dear friend and colleague Jean-Pierre Berger (8 July 1956–18 January 2012).