冰区海上风机支撑结构疲劳评估方法研究

采用谱分析的方法,对冰区作业的海上风机支撑结构进行疲劳损伤评估。基于风冰散布图,将海上风机所受的风载荷和连续挤压冰载荷作为系统输入,热点应力作为输出,运用随机振动理论与主应力线性化方法,对冰区海上风机支撑结构进行疲劳评估。以某2 MV海上风机支撑结构为计算实例,验证频域疲劳评估方法的准确性。频域方法与时域方法计算结果吻合较好,证明了频域方法的快速有效,可用于快速评估风机支撑结构的疲劳损伤。     

Fatigue damage of ship hulls due to local ice-induced stresses

Fatigue damage in a ship hull could lead to leakage of ballast or cargo, water intrusion, degradation of hull strength, or even worse, i.e. catastrophic structural failure. For ships navigating in ice-covered waters, fatigue damage due to ice actions can be of importance. The present paper proposes a systematic procedure for fatigue damage assessment in relation to ships navigating in ice-covered waters. Closed form expressions for the fatigue damage based on the Palmgren–Miner’s rule are derived for several different statistical models of the stress amplitudes, i.e. the exponential, the Weibull’s, and the three-parameter exponential distributions. Additional expressions are also provided when stress concentration factor and/or a lower threshold of the stress amplitude are taken into account. The proposed procedure for fatigue damage assessment reflects the variation in ice conditions, vessel’s speed, and operational modes. Some practical concerns related to application of the proposed procedure are also discussed. A particular example of fatigue damage calculation is presented, where data obtained from full scale measurement performed on board of the vessel KV Svalbard in the winter 2007 are utilized.     

Fuzzy Fatigue Reliability Analysis of Offshore Platforms in Ice-Infested Waters

1 .IntroductionTheBohaiGulfisinfestedbyiceinthewholewinter,andoffshorestructuresthereexperiencenotonlywind ,waves ,currentsandearthquake ,butalsoiceloadswhicharecomplicatedbecauseofthedynamicinteractionbetweenicesheetsandstructures.Duanetal.( 2 0 0 0 )hadacomprehensivere viewofthelatestadvancesonice inducedvibration ,fatigueandfractureofoffshorestructures ,payingmuchattentiontothedifferencesinicebreakingmodeanddynamicsofstructuresindifferentice in festedwaters .Theypresentedcriticallythelates…     

南黄海辐射沙洲近岸海域波浪特性研究

Errors will be caused in calculating the fatigue damages of details in liquid cargo tanks by using the traditional spectral analysis method which is based on linear system, for the nonlinear relationship between the dynamic stress and the ship acceleration. An improved spectral analysis method for the assessment of the fatigue damage in detail of a liquid cargo tank is proposed in this paper. Based on assumptions that the wave process can be simulated by summing the sinusoidal waves in different frequencies and the stress process can be simulated by summing the stress processes induced by these sinusoidal waves, the stress power spectral density (PSD) is calculated by expanding the stress processes induced by the sinusoidal waves into Fourier series and adding the amplitudes of each harmonic component with the same frequency. This analysis method can take the nonlinear relationship into consideration and the fatigue damage is then calculated based on the PSD of stress. Take an independent tank in an LNG carrier for example, the accuracy of the improved spectral analysis method is proved much better than that of the traditional spectral analysis method by comparing the calculated damage results with the results calculated by the time domain method. The proposed spectral analysis method is more accurate in calculating the fatigue damages in detail of ship liquid cargo tanks.     

焊接节点低温疲劳试验与低温主S-N曲线的构建

为了拓展主S-N曲线法,使之更好地适用于低温、极地环境下船舶与海洋工程结构物的疲劳评估,进行了EH36材料T型焊接接头的低温疲劳性能试验,收集了国内外多个焊接节点低温疲劳数据,建立了疲劳试验试件的有限元模型,运用等效结构应力法,计算焊接节点的等效结构应力,构建低温环境下焊接节点的主S-N曲线。使用该曲线,预测低温疲劳试验的寿命,并与疲劳试验结果、常温主S-N曲线、常温中值D曲线的预测结果进行了比较,结果表明,所提低温主S-N曲线预测方法具有较高精度,可用于低温环境下船舶与海洋结构物疲劳寿命的预测。     

A comparative study for the fatigue assessment of a ship structure by use of hot spot stress and structural stress approaches

Recently, a mesh-size insensitive structural stress definition (Battelle structural stress method) has been proposed. This method gives a stress state at a weld toe with a relatively coarse mesh, such as up to 2t (t=plate thickness) or irregular mesh shapes. The structural stress definition is based on the elementary structural mechanics theory and provides an effective measure of a stress state in front of a weld toe. In this present study, a fatigue strength assessment was carried out for a side shell connection of a container vessel using both the hot spot stress and the structural stress methods. A consistent approach to computing extrapolated hot spot stress for design purposes based on converged hot spot stresses is described and current fatigue guidance is evaluated. Fatigue strength predicted by the two methods, i.e. hot spot stress and structural stress approaches, at hot spot locations of a typical ship structure are compared and discussed.     

Research on Analytical Method of Fatigue Characteristics of Soft Yoke Mooring System Based on Full-Scale Measurement

By focusing on the vulnerability of the structure of marine equipments, together with considering the randomness of meta-ocean load in statistics, a kind of analytical method of fatigue characteristics of marine structure based on full-scale and actual measurement of prototype is proposed. On the basis of short-term field measurement results of structural response, research is carried out on the fatigue analysis of hinge joints at the upper part of the Soft Yoke single point Mooring System (SYMS) by simultaneously monitoring the environmental load and considering the design criteria of offshore structure. Through analysis of finite element modeling, the time-histories of typical stress response are obtained, and then the assessment of fatigue damage at key hinge joints is conducted. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can accurately analyze the fatigue damage of offshore engineering structure caused by the effect of wave load. The present analytical method of fatigue characteristics can be extended on other offshore engineering structures subjected to meta-ocean load.     

波频和慢漂组合作用下钢悬链线立管疲劳损伤研究

为了有效地考虑浮体慢漂运动对钢悬链线立管疲劳损伤的影响,提出了波频和慢漂运动组合作用下钢悬链线立管疲劳损伤简化计算的位置组合叠加法。其核心是:基于浮体慢漂运动概率分布选取若干典型慢漂位置,进行波频运动作用下钢悬链线立管动力响应分析;根据钢悬链线立管运动位置变化特征,截取若干慢漂位置对应的波频应力时程叠加到慢漂应力时程上,得到波频和慢漂运动的组合应力时程;编写基于雨流计数法的MATLAB程序处理立管各节点应力,采用海水环境下Do E.E型S-N曲线和Palmgren-Miner累积损伤准则计算立管各节点疲劳损伤。应用位置组合叠加法对某海域500 m水深的立管进行了疲劳分析,并与全耦合法、权重组合叠加法以及波频和慢漂疲劳损伤简单相加法的结果进行了对比,结果表明该方法具有较高的精度和效率。此外,进行了区域设定系数、波浪高度、波浪周期和土壤表面剪切强度等参数对组合作用下立管疲劳损伤的敏感性分析。     

具有裂纹损伤的海底管道断裂及疲劳评估

海底管道是海洋石油开发的重要设施之一,对其进行断裂安全评估是非常重要的。介绍了结构失效评估图（FAD）技术,详细阐述了BS7910：1999规范中三个不同等级的断裂评估方法和疲劳评估方法。通过断裂评估方法,能够对不向受力状态下的含焊接裂纹管道进行断裂评估,得到管道任何位置的极限裂纹长度;通过疲劳评估方法,能够对受复杂动荷载的含焊接裂纹管道进行疲劳评估,得到管道在此种受力环境下的疲劳寿命。     

Fatigue Behavior of Plain Concrete Under Biaxial Compression: Experiments and Theoretical Model

The effects of different lateral confinement stress on the fatigue behavior of and cumulative damage to plain concrete are investigated experimentally. Eighty 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm specimens of ordinary strength concrete are tested under constant- or variable-amplitude fatigue loading and lateral confinement pressure in two orthogonal directions. A fatigue equation is developed by modifying the classical Aas-Jakobsen S-N equation for taking into account the effect of the confined stress on fatigue strength of plain concrete. The results of variable-amplitude fatigue tests indicate that the linear damage theory proposed by Palmgren and Miner is unreasonable in the biaxial stress state. A nonlinear cumulative damage model that could model the effects of the magnitude and sequence of variable-amplitude fatigue loading and lateral confinement pressure is proposed on the basis of the evolution laws of the residual strains in the longitudinal direction during fatigue tests. The residual fatigue life predic     

Cross-Flow VIV-Induced Fatigue Damage of Deepwater Steel Catenary Riser at Touch-Down Point简

A prediction model of the deepwater steel catenary riser VIV is proposed based on the forced oscillation test data, taking into account the riser-seafloor interaction for the cross-flow VIV-induced fatigue damage at touch-down point （TDP）. The model will give more reasonable simulation of SCR response near TDP than the previous pinned truncation model. In the present model, the hysteretic riser-soil interaction model is simplified as the linear spring and damper to simulate the seafloor, and the damping is obtained according to the dissipative power during one periodic riser-soil interaction. In order to validate the model, the comparison with the field measurement and the results predicted by Shear 7 program of a full-scale steel catenary riser is carried out. The main induced modes, mode frequencies and response amplitude are in a good agreement. Furthermore, the parametric studies are carried out to broaden the understanding of the fatigue damage sensitivity to the upper end in-plane offset and seabed characteristics. In addition, the fatigue stress comparison at TDP between the truncation riser model and the present full riser model shows that the existence of touch-down zones is very important for the fatigue damage assessment of steel catenary riser at TDP.     

深水半潜式钻井平台节点疲劳寿命谱分析研究

以某新型深水半潜式钻井平台为目标平台,归纳基于全概率谱分析法的结构节点疲劳寿命直接计算的基本步骤,建立以SESAM软件包为依托的分析流程,并就板厚修正等几个细节问题的处理进行说明.对平台八个关键节点的疲劳寿命评估结果表明平台的疲劳强度能够满足设计寿命要求,同时证明所提出的疲劳分析流程是可行的.     

风、浪荷载作用下海上风机单桩结构灌浆连接段疲劳性能评价

灌浆连接段的疲劳性能对于海上风机单桩支撑结构至关重要。基于385种工况下的某实际5 MW单桩风机支撑结构在风、浪荷载作用下的动力响应分析,获取了灌浆连接段荷载边界条件时程。建立灌浆连接段精细化有限元子模型,将荷载边界条件转化为应力时程。对于剪力键采用"热点应力"方法进行疲劳性能评价。对于灌浆材料,选取剪力键附近灌浆材料单元积分点处的第三主应力进行疲劳性能评价。采用Palmgren-Miner线性损伤累计准则和雨流计数方法进行疲劳损伤的累计。在某实际灌浆连接段20年的设计寿命周期内,最大剪力键总疲劳损伤为1.35×10~(-10);最大灌浆材料总疲劳损伤为1.54×10~(-3)。由此可见,灌浆连接段的疲劳性能由灌浆材料控制,且损伤值远小于限值1/3,在现有的荷载条件下,灌浆连接段不会发生疲劳破坏。分析产生损伤较大的几种工况可知,风速对现有单桩结构灌浆连接段疲劳的损伤起控制作用。     

Effect of Band Width on Fatigue Life under Random Stress Response

A fatigue life estimation method for offshore structures under random stress response is studied in this paper. The method of broad band cumulative frequency number is used to determine the effect of band width of stress frequency spectra on fatigue. A formula of correction factor for fatigue under broad band stress spectra is suggested and compared with that given by P. H. Wirsching.     

Modeling touchdown point oscillation and its relationship with fatigue response of steel catenary risers

The riser-seabed interaction resulting in a trench formed in the touchdown zone (TDZ) of steel catenary risers (SCR) has a significant influence on accumulated fatigue damage. Several studies have used different trench modeling approaches to investigate the trench effect on fatigue. However, contradictory observations have been reported with no coherent agreement on the beneficial or detrimental effect of the trench on fatigue. In this study, the significance of trench geometry in fatigue damage evaluation was investigated. Using analytical and numerical approaches, a meaningful relationship was observed between the trench slope in different zones and the peak fatigue damage. A new set of rules was proposed for the qualitative assessment of the overall trend of trench effect on the variation of fatigue damage. The proposed assessment rules were validated by performing comprehensive numerical fatigue analysis. A comparison with samples of published experimental and numerical studies was also completed. It was observed that depending on the direction of the low-frequency vessel excursions, the peak fatigue damage may increase towards the near offsets and decrease towards the far vessel offset. This implied that the case dependency of the trench effect on fatigue response in different geographical locations with various environmental loads was a potential source for the contradictory results reported in previously published studies.     

Research on the Fatigue Flexural Performance of RC Beams Attacked by Salt Spray

The fatigue flexural performance of RC beams attacked by salt spray was studied. A testing method involving electro osmosis, electrical accelerated corrosion and salt spray was proposed. This corrosion process method effectively simulates real-world salt spray and fatigue loading exerted by RC components on sea bridges. Four RC beams that have different stress amplitudes were tested. It is found that deterioration by corrosion and fatigue loading reduces the fatigue life of the RC and decreases the ability of deformation. The fatigue life and deflection ability could be reduced by increasing the stress amplitude and the corrosion duration time. The test result demonstrates that this experimental method can couple corrosion deterioration and fatigue loading reasonably. This procedure may be applied to evaluate the fatigue life and concrete durability of RC components located in a natural salt spray environment.     

FPSO结构低周疲劳寿命计算方法研究

FPSO在海洋环境中频繁地进行装载与卸载操作,使FPSO船体结构产生较大的应力幅值,尤其是承受货油压力的内底纵骨。由于局部的应力集中,应力幅值超过材料的屈服强度,其装卸载次数小于104时,结构将产生低周疲劳。研究一种新的计算方法,根据Neuber假设进行塑性修正,通过应变范围得到伪热点应力范围,并确定热点应力与伪热点应力之间的关系。推导出一种新的S-N曲线作为低周疲劳的设计曲线,以伪热点应力作为计算量来预测低周疲劳寿命,降低了船体结构低周疲劳寿命计算的难度。     

波浪载荷及气动力引起的半潜浮式风机疲劳损伤分析

研究浅水半潜式大功率浮式风力机波浪载荷和气动力引起的基础结构疲劳损伤,揭示基础结构的疲劳损伤机理。采用谱疲劳损伤计算分析方法,以10 MW风力机为例,计算波浪载荷引起的热点应力及多种海况引起的疲劳损伤。采用叶素动量理论并基于所在海域的风速分布,计算叶轮转动引起的气动力及其引起的疲劳损伤。计算结果表明,对于半潜式三立柱浮式风力机,波浪载荷引起的基础结构应力远大于气动力引起的基础结构应力,基础结构损伤主要是由波浪载荷引起,气动力引起的浮式基础结构的损伤为10^-3量级,而波浪载荷引起的损伤为10^-1量级。     

基于人工神经网络的混凝土疲劳寿命估算

把决定混凝土疲劳寿命的应力水平，应力比，加载频率和描述随机性的破坏概率作为神经网络的输入，以疲劳寿命作为网络的输出，用网络结构描述它们之间的非线性关系，利用实验数据样本完成了网络的训练，并对模拟样本进行了估算，实例计算了结果表明，利用已有疲劳试验数据训练好的人工神经网络进行混凝土疲劳寿命估算，可部分代替冗长，昂贵的疲劳实验。     

Fatigue Test of Homemade Z Direction Steel Welded T Tubular Joints

This paper introduces the process and result of fatigue test of steel (Z direction steel) welded T tubular joints used in offshore engineering. Detailed measurement of stress concentration factor, stress distribution, fatigue life and crack development has been performed. Through analysis, an empirical formula of stress concentration factor for T tubular joints, fatigue S-N curve and crack propagation rule are obtained.