新疆且日克其菱铁矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

新疆且日克其菱铁矿床赋存于下志留统温泉沟群中低级变质岩系中,由三个矿段组成,总体呈层状、似层状、透镜状.矿石稀土含量较高(∑REE=740.97 ×10-6～820.21×10-6),轻稀土富集(LREE/HREE=13.17～14.74)的特征暗示了矿床形成于弱-中碱性的含矿溶液;明显的Ce正异常(δCe=3.25～...     

南方更新世红土氧化物地球化学特征

江西、浙江和湖南等地更新世红土化学组成分析结果表明,各地各类红土的化学组成具有较好的一致性。以SiO2、Fe2O3和Al2O3为主,K2O、Na2O、CaO和MgO大量淋失,相对于上陆壳(UCC)平均组成富Ti、Fe和Al,贫K、Na、Ca和Mg。符合亚热带地区脱硅富铝或脱硅富铝铁的基本成土过程,总体形成于湿热环境。其烧失量(LOI)对红土脱硅富铝程度具有一定的指示意义,LOI越大,脱硅富铝程度越强。同一剖面从网纹红土至均质红土或从网纹红土至棕色黄色风化程度渐弱。然而,全岩样品的SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/R2O3分子比在直接指示红土风化强度方面不够有效。白网纹与红色基质的物源一致,化学组成却存在一定分异。以UCC为背景的元素盈亏状态和以均质红土为背景的元素绝对迁移量特征一致表明,物质迁移,尤其是Fe迁移与网纹红土网纹化过程之间存在必然的联系。Fe迁出区形成白网纹,Fe加入区继承红土化特征。     

Aqueous geochemistry of rare-earth elements in karst lakes, southwestern China

Due to the unique chemical properties that are similar but still progressively change, the rare earth elements （REEs） are useful tracers of various geochemical processes in the lithosphere and hydrosphere. However, despite many studies of REE geochemistry in the ocean, the aqueous geochemistry of REEs in lake waters has been poorly documented. In the present study, two special karst lakes are chosen as case studies to investigate the distributions of dissolved REEs in lake water. Although the two lakes, Hongfeng and Aha, are both alkaline and have high pH from 7.9 to 8.7 and high carbonate concentrations, the Aha Lake has been more severely affected by acidic mining drainage with high Fe, Mn and SO42 concentrations. In the present study, the concentrations of dissolved rare-earth elements in lake waters were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The result shows that the concentrations of dissolved REEs in the studied alkaline karst lakes, as compared to the concentrations of REEs in seawater, are much lower than the other investigated terrestrial surface waters in previous studies. The key factor controlling dissolved REE distributions is pH value which is negatively correlated with REE concentrations. Due to high concentration of carbonate ion and alkaline character of water chemistry, the shale （PAAS） normalized patterns of dissolved REEs show marked HREE enrichment in all water samples. This is primarily the result of the preferential formation of stronger carbonate complexes with the HREEs. In alkaline or intermediate waters, REE-carbonate complexes are the dominant and typical species, which account for about more than 90% of the total dissolved REEs.     

REE and Trace Element Geochemistry of Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

1IntroductionThebehaviorsoftherare earthelements (REE)duringmagmatism ,metamorphismandmeta somationareofgreatgeologicalinterestbecauseoftheirapplicationsingeochronologyandgeochemi caltracing (e .g .reviewsbyFaure ,1 986;LipinandMckay ,1 989) .Becauseoftheirsimilargeo chemicalbehaviorsandlowsolubilitiesinwater,theREEshaveprovedthemselvestobeapowerfultoolforthecharacterizationofprovenanceswhenappliedtosedimentaryrocks (McDanieletal.,1 994) .Althoughtheirbehaviorsunderhydrothermalconditionsar…     

贵州主要汞矿床的微量元素特征

贵州６个不同类型的主要汞矿床，其矿石和辰砂的微量元素，特别是其中的分散元素和稀土元素有着明显差别，表明各汞矿床的成矿物质来源是不相同的。     

Modeling shear behavior and strain localization in cemented sands by two-dimensional distinct element method analyses

This paper presents a numerical investigation of shear behavior and strain localization in cemented sands using the distinct element method (DEM), employing two different failure criteria for grain bonding. The first criterion is characterized by a Mohr–Coulomb failure line with two distinctive contributions, cohesive and frictional, which sum to give the total bond resistance; the second features a constant, pressure-independent strength at low compressive forces and purely frictional resistance at high forces, which is the standard bond model implemented in the Particle Flow Code (PFC2D). Dilatancy, material friction angle and cohesion, strain and stress fields, the distribution of bond breakages, the void ratio and the averaged pure rotation rate (APR) were examined to elucidate the relations between micromechanical variables and macromechanical responses in DEM specimens subjected to biaxial compression tests.     

1992 compilation of analytical data for rare-earth elements, scandium, yttrium, zirconium and hafnium in twenty-six GSJ reference samples

Abstract: Analytical data for fourteen rare-earth elements, scandium, yttrium, zirconium and hafnium, received by May 1992, have been compiled on twenty-six GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples. Seventeen of them are 'Igneous rock series' and nine are "Sedimentary rock series". The reported data including personal communication were evaluated under the consideration on analytical methods and geochemical evidences. No significant difference has been observed between the values obtained by the different analytical methods. Based on the selected available data, 1992 compilation values were tabulated.     

吉林白山地区原煤微量元素地球化学特征

对吉林白山地区煤矿主采煤层中的As、B、Ba、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Se、Sr等微量元素进行了分析,结果表明:太原组与山西组由于成煤环境不同,微量元素组成及其质量分数存在一定的差异,太原组原煤中As、B、Hg、Pb、Se、Zn的质量分数明显高于山西组,山西组原煤中Ba、Cr、Cu、Mn、V的质量分数明显高于太原组。白山地区原煤中As、B、Hg、Pb、Se的质量分数明显高于地壳元素平均值,呈富集状态;Co、Cd与地壳平均值接近,其他元素均亏损。与全国煤中微量元素的质量分数平均值相比,As、Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Zn的质量分数高于全国平均值。B、Mn、Sr质量分数低于全国平均值。微量元素赋存状态及相关分析表明,Fe与亲硫有害元素As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Se具有显著相关关系,说明煤中黄铁矿及其他硫化物是许多有害微量元素的重要载体。     

Characteristics of rare earth elements of lacustrine exhalative rock in the Xiagou Formation of Lower Cretaceous in Qingxi sag, Jiuxi basin

The exhalative rock occurring in the Xiagou Formation of Lower Cretaceous in Qingxi sag, Jiuxi basin is a sort of a rare lacustrine white smoke type, rich in ferrodolomites and albites. This paper introduces the geological background, mineral association, and lithology of the exhalative rock, and discusses its REE geochemical characteristics and connection with hydrothermal environment. It is shown that the exhalative rock has basal characteristics of hydrothermal depositional formation of LREE>HREE, with positive δCe and negative δEu, which is different from the characteristics of marine exhalative rock. Since the REE pattern and exceptional distribution of δEu and δCe are highly similar to the characteristics of alkalescent tholeiitic basalt in the same layer, the exhalative rock of Xiagou Formation is considered to be closely related to the origin of basalt in the same horizon. The fact that the amount of REE of exhalative rock decreases outwards indicates that exhalative rock in the Xiagou Formation may be connected with lacustrine hydrothermal convection circulation. Translated from Journal of Mineral and Petrology, 2006, 26(4): 41–47 [译自: 矿物岩石]     

成都市土壤测量Hg元素的发育特征及其来源

成都市是Hg的高背景和民异常区，深、浅层样各具不同的元素组合和发育特征。深层样Hg异常与构造、天然气、地热、矿产和基底隆起有关；浅层样则与城市居民生活，古代颜料、工业、燃煤、农业、河流的污染及上游的矿产等物质来源有关。     

西藏那茶淌北铅锌矿床矽卡岩地球化学特征及其成因

那茶淌北铅锌矿床位于西藏冈底斯成矿带东段北部,主要由矽卡岩铅锌矿体组成,是一个典型的矽卡岩型矿床。笔者通过对矿床内的矽卡岩、大理岩(灰岩)、黑云母花岗岩的地球化学对比分析表明:在主量元素方面,显示Si、Al、Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca、Mn等元素在矽卡岩、大理岩、黑云母花岗岩之间发生明显的交换;在稀土元素方面,矽卡岩、大理岩和黑云母花岗岩均具有LREE富集,HREE亏损,并且发育Eu和Ce负异常和相似的REE配分模式,说明矽卡岩的成因与大理岩、黑云母花岗岩具有一定关系。结合三种不同岩性的地球化学特征,强烈的轻、重稀土分异,Eu、Ce负异常,推测矽卡岩由中高温还原热液交代碳酸盐而成,矽卡岩成岩过程中可能有少量海水加入。     

Characteristics of trace elements in contaminated rivers and their environmental significance

Several rivers researched around Taihu Lake in Chinese eastern plain are distributed to the west of the lake. Pollutants of different types from tributaries and inlets flow directly into the main rivers and finally into the lake. They change trace elements of rivers fi＇om which we can analyze. Researches about trace elements are helpful for understanding the pollutant characteristics, industrial structure and agricultural cultivation in the area of network rivers in the plain of China. Samples of water column, suspended matter and sediment were collected fi＇om the west rivers of Taihu Lake, which represent three typical rivers. Observation in the field and the primary composition analysis showed the Caoqiao River was mainly contaminated by industrial wastewater, the Liangxi River was discharged by domestic sewage and the Dapu River was principally input by farmland runoff. REE concentrations and their normalized curves showed obvious characters for rivers discharged by different sewages. The contents of total REE in water column followed the order of the Caoqiao River, the Dapu River and the Liangxi River fi＇om high to low. TREEs in suspended matter and sediments follow the order of the Dapu River 〉 the Caoqiao River 〉 the Liangxi River. REE normalized curves （for Australia shale） suggested that significant diversities were presented in water column, suspended matter and sediments, i.e., heavy REE enrichment in water, middle REE enrichment in suspended matter, and smooth curves for sediments. But the heavy pollution resulted in several anomalous curves in the same rivers. Some element ratios were selected as indices for polluted rivers based on their geochemical properties and diversities between rivers. The results displayed the discriminative indices for water column, suspended matter and sediment. The effective indices were Pb/Fe, Cr/Fe, Ni/Fe, Pb/Ni, Zn/Ni for water column, Cu/Al, Cu/Fe, Zn/Fe, K/Ca, K/Na, Pb/Co, Zn/Co for suspend matter and Pb/Fe, K/Ca, Ca/Mg, Zn/Ni for sediment, respectively. In general, rivers mainly discharged by industrial sewage have high ratios of Pb/Ni, K/Ca, are enriched in the middle REE and have positive Gd anomaly. The domestic sewage flowing into rivers reveals high ratios of Zn/Ni, Pb/Fe, and is enriched in the heavy REE, and has the positive Eu anomaly. If runoff of farmland enters into the rivers, it will have high ratios of Ca/Mg, K/Na, high lanthanum, and show the smooth normalized curves of REE.     

Geochemical behavior of rare earth elements in hydrothermally altered rocks of the Kuroko mining area,Japan

In this study we analyzed the chemical composition of hydrothermally altered dacite and basalt from the Kuroko mining area, northeastern Honshu, Japan, by REE (rare earth element). Features of rare earth element analyses include: (1) altered footwall dacite exhibits a negative Eu anomaly compared with fresh dacite, suggesting preferential removal of Eu²⁺ from the altered dacite via hydrothermal solutions, (2) altered hangingwall dacite and basalt and dacite and basalt adjacent to ore deposits exhibit positive Eu anomalies compared with fresh dacite and basalt, suggesting addition of Eu²⁺ from hydrothermal solutions, (3) LREE ratio (∑LREE/∑REE) from altered dacite of chlorite–sericite zone and K-feldspar zone show a negative relationship with δ¹⁸O, and La/Sm ratios show a positive correlation with the K₂O index. These trends indicate the addition of light rare earth elements such as La to the altered dacite from hydrothermal solution and/or leaching of heavy rare earth elements such as Sm and Yb, (4) Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that light rare earth elements enrichment is related to the formation of sericite zone near the Kuroko deposits but not to the formations of chlorite and K-feldspar zones, and (5) The correlations among REE features (LREE ratio, MREE ratio, HREE ratio, Eu/Eu?), δ¹⁸O and K₂O index are not found for montmorillonite zone, mixed layer clay mineral zone and mordenite zone. Therefore, it is inferred that sericite, chlorite and K-feldspar alterations are related to the Kuroko and vein-type mineralization, but montmorillonite and mordenite alterations are not related to the mineralizations, and probably they formed at the post-mineralization stage.     

青海省冷湖行委俄博梁地区稀有稀土元素地球化学特征及找矿潜力分析

基于前人开展的1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,在俄博梁地区开展了水系沉积物副样稀有稀土元素优选测试,根据1∶5万水系沉积物样品副样稀有稀土元素优选测试及前人研究成果,对俄博梁地区稀有稀土元素地球化学特征及找矿潜力进行了分析,为区内稀有稀土矿产勘查提供了依据和思路。     

西藏山南努日铜钼钨矿床矽卡岩地球化学特征及成因

西藏山南地区努日Cu-W-Mo多金属矿床位于冈底斯火山-岩浆弧构造带东段南缘,属于冈底斯铜钼成矿带的南亚带,是新近探明的一个大型矽卡岩型的铜钨钼矿床,也是西藏冈底斯带首例钨矿床.对矿区内出露的矽卡岩、大理岩和灰岩的地球化学组成研究表明:在主量元素方面,Ca、Ti、Al、Mg、Mn、Fe及Si等元素在灰岩、大理岩和矽卡岩...     

地球深部碱性元素地球化学行为:来自陨石高压矿物的证据

近年来在球粒陨石冲击脉体中陆续发现了一些天然高压新矿物和矿物组合，这些发现为地球深部碱性元素的地球化学行为的研究提供了重要依据。在地幔过渡带温度和压力条件下，钠和钙离子优先结合到镁铁－镁铝榴石固溶体和长石高压多形之中，钾离子则选择性地进入到长石高压多形中，副矿物涂氏磷钙石是Na、Ba、Sr和轻稀土等元素的潜在载体相。天然冲击变质球粒陨石为我们提供了探索过渡带和下地幔温度、压力条件下碱性元素载体相特征的重要自然界样品。     

The determination of trace elements in Fe–Mn oxide coatings on pebbles using LA-ICP-MS

Iron–manganese oxide coatings form on a wide range of geologic samples where they have the ability to adsorb elements and potentially act as a mineral exploration/environmental monitoring tool. In this study, Fe–Mn oxide coatings on stream pebbles were collected from streams in four study areas located across the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The study locations were in areas of former copper mines (Tilt Cove and Betts Cove), carbonate geology (Robinsons River), and a metropolitan area (Rennies River). Collected pebbles underwent a simple sample preparation procedure and were then analyzed for a wide range of elements by LA-ICP-MS after optimization of the operating conditions. Water samples accompanied the pebbles, and these were analyzed for pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and a large selection of elements by ICP-MS. Multivariate statistics, in the form of Principal Component Factor Analysis (PCFA) was performed on both data sets. Graphs of the factor scores from the PCFA produced groupings of the samples that were related to geologic/environmental inputs. The loading of variables in each factor was related to the adsorption of the element either to the MnO₂ or Fe₂O₃ phase with most elements except Cr and Cu displaying preferential adsorption to MnO₂. Elemental Fe–Mn oxide coating concentrations were a result of the element's affinity (chalcophile, lithophile, or siderophile), pH of the environment, stream water concentration, and amount of each oxide phase present. Even with these complications, LA-ICP-MS analysis of Fe–Mn oxides was able to identify areas of heavy metal pollution and locate geologic inputs.     

Rare—Earth Elements and Genesis of Lamprophyres in the Laowangzhai Gold Orefield,Yunnan Province

The Laowangzhai super-large gold orefield,which is situated in northern Mt.Ailao tectonic zone,Yunnan Province,is a typical gold orefield where lamprophyres are temporally and spatially related to gold mineralization.Major element data show that lamprophyres in the orefield are of alkalic series and can be divided into potassic and K-rich calc-alkaline lamprophyres.The rocks are enriched in rare-earth elements as compared with the primary mantle and mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).Modelled calculations by the least squares method of Petrological Mixing show that the mantle-source for the lamprophyres in enriched in rarc earth elemeots.The geotectonic development of western Yunnan,Sr and Nd isotopic compositions,incompatible element patterns and linear programing calculations indicate that the fluids were derived from dehydration of submaine sediments which are enriched in ALK,LREE and incompatible elements and then were carried to mantle wedges as a result of plate subduction.That is the main factor leading to the formation of a metasonatic fertile mantle in the area studied.     

黑龙江通河县曙光石场地区土壤地球化学特征与成矿预测

为查明曙光石场地区各成矿元素和矿(化)体的分布特征,在1∶2万土壤地球化学测量的基础上,对研究区多种成矿元素进行聚类分析和因子分析。研究表明:区内Ag、Pb、Zn、Bi、Sn单元素异常个数多、变异系数值较高,具有较强的成矿潜力;区内Ag-Pb-Zn元素组合异常套和极好,异常强度较强,与岩浆热液型成矿作用相关,具有较好的找矿前景;根据单元素异常的套合情况及元素共生组合规律圈定组合异常六处并进行了槽探工程验证,在Ht-4组合异常处发现一铅锌银矿点,矿体、矿化体产于上石炭统唐家屯组流纹质凝灰岩中。     

豫西太平镇轻稀土矿床矿化特征及矿床成因

豫西太平镇稀土矿床是新发现的中型轻稀土矿床。3条稀土矿脉共圈定4个矿体。矿体平均厚度1.77 m,平均品位ω(∑REO)为2.23%,初步估算资源量达10万t。稀土矿体严格受北西向断裂构造控制,赋存于太平镇—板山坪背斜北翼的中元古代斜长花岗岩和二郎坪群中。∑LREO占83.23%~99.35%,∑HREO占16.77%~0.65%,CeO_2+La_2O_3+Nd_2O_3在总量中分配比为79.56%~94.15%。稀土矿物以氟碳铈矿为主,矿石中主要稀土矿物的REE配分属CeLaNd富LREE强选择配分型。矿石稀土轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,LREO/HREO比值大,铕为弱的正异常,不明显铈异常,Eu/Sm平均值0.38;Th/U比值大,与岩浆成因的重晶石稀土元素分配模式类似,显示岩浆成因。燕山期断裂构造叠加在早古生代二郎坪群及张家庄岩体内,沿断裂充填形成的成矿时代不早于(108±1)Ma的脉型轻稀土矿床。矿床成因为壳幔混源、受断裂构造控制的石英脉-蚀变岩型。主要找矿标志:在断裂构造中充填物为石英脉及萤石化、重晶石化、黄铁矿化等蚀变岩,以及弱的Th放射性异常,较低的U含量。