非饱和带水气二相渗流动力学模型

非饱和带地下水运动实质上是一个水气二相渗流过程。本文以多相渗流理论为基础,从水气二相渗流的连续性方程和达西定律出发,推导了非饱和带水气二相渗流的耦合动力学模型,讨论了模型的IMPES和全隐式联立求解方法的原理和步骤,认为IMPES求解方法由于达西系数项的处理,饱和度的计算均采用显式,因此该解法具有稳定性差、精度低且要求计算时间步长小的局限性;而全隐式联立求解方法是联立求解气相、水相方程,同时求出压力和饱和度值,因此压力和饱和度值都是隐式求出,具有较高精度,且无条件稳定,应是今后模型求解的重点研究内容     

水 气二相渗流耦合模型全隐式联立求解

系统论述了水、气二相渗流耦合模型全隐式联立求解的方法与原理。该方法是将水相运动方程和气相运动方程左端的达西系数项、井点的气、水产量项作隐式处理，并将气相和水相方程联立起来进行求解，同时隐式求出压力和饱和度值。因此，收敛速度快，且无条件稳定。该方法应用于沁水盆地3^#煤层气井气，水产量的预测，效果良好。     

基于DDA的裂隙岩体非饱和渗流应力耦合模型研究

岩体饱和–非饱和渗流、应力耦合作用对工程岩体的强度和稳定性有十分重要的影响。目前对于裂隙岩体饱和渗流应力耦合的研究取得了一些进展,但在很多工程领域不能简单地采用饱和渗流分析。根据DDA力学计算和非饱和渗流计算原理,提出了新的基于DDA方法的非饱和渗流应力耦合模型。并给出了在库水位骤降工况下的边坡水力耦合算例,其计算结果显示在库水位骤降情况下：考虑水力耦合且库水位下降较快时的安全系数要小于库水位下降慢时的安全系数;考虑水力耦合的边坡稳定安全系数要小于不考虑耦合时的安全系数。仿真实验和工程应用表明其计算成果是符合实践规律的。     

非饱和带水气二相流动参数确定实验研究

对非饱和带水气二相流动的关键参数确定,尤其是二相流动中气相参数确定的实验方法进行了探索,得出了相应的参数结果,建立了气压自动采集系统,为进一步的非饱和带水气二相流动的实验模拟与数值模拟提供了参数依据。     

裂隙岩体渗流-应力耦合等效渗流阻模型

针对含区域主干裂隙岩体在应力作用下的渗透特性进行了研究。运用单裂隙平行板渗流理论、弹性力学方法,结合模拟电路知识,提出等效渗流阻的概念。在分析裂隙岩体区域中主干裂隙系统几何构造的基础上,建立了基于等效渗流阻的- 渗流-应力耦合模型,得到了裂隙岩体等效渗流阻、渗透率与应力之间的关系,从而为研究含区域主干裂隙岩体的应力-渗流耦合规律提供了方便。结合一个基于等效渗流阻模型的算例,考察了含“人”字形组合裂隙试样的渗透特性。经进一步细化后,该模型可用于分析地应力作用下的含区域主干裂隙岩体渗流演化规律。     

水气二相流方程的一种离散数值解法

提出了水气二相流方程的一种数值解法.在利用有限元方法求解水气二相流方程时,引入了离散Newton迭代方法,用于非线性有限元方程组的线性化处理,将这一步计算的收敛阶由原有研究的线性收敛提高到平方收敛,并避免了直接应用Newton迭代方法给编程带来的不便.同时在求解两相的有限元方程组时,采用两相方程组并行迭代的方法,与联立计算相比节省了大量的内存空间.     

岩体裂隙系统渗流场与应力场耦合模型

岩体系统具有复杂的结构。一般认为，岩体系统是非均质各向异性不连续的多相介质体系。当岩体以裂隙为主，且其分布较密集时，可将岩体系统看作等效连续多相介质体系。本文运用等效连续介质理论，提出了两种岩体裂隙系统渗流场与应力场耦合模型：一是以渗透水压力与隙变形关系、应力与渗透系统数关系为基础，建立渗透系数张量计算公式，进而建立等效效连续介质渗流为数学模型。以裂隙岩体应变张量分析为基础，建立裂隙岩体效应力张量     

黄土非饱和渗流试验研究

黄土介质特有的垂直节理和大孔隙发育性质，使黄土和非饱和渗流过程具有与均匀土壤的非饱和水分运动不同的特征。通过黄土非饱和渗流试验研究，对黄土垂直节理，大孔隙的实地观察和用土壤水动力学理论分析，证明黄土介质中的垂直节理，大孔隙在不同不量下对水分入渗所起的作用，对干旱地区黄土，由于降水量小，土壤含水量少，垂直节理，大孔隙在水分渗过程中实际起长低渗透性的作用，即阻水作用。     

基于田间试验的土壤水分运动模型选择

基于不同形式Richards方程可建立不同适用范围和计算精度的数值模型,针对具体情况下如何选择合适模型的问题,以武汉大学农田水利试验场田间入渗试验为例,选用6种模型(Picard-h模型、Picard-θ模型、Picard-mix模型、Ross模型、动力波模型和水均衡模型),运用贝叶斯模型平均(BMA)方法进行了模型选择的计算;针对BMA方法无法考虑模型计算效率的缺点,进一步提出了可同时考虑模型计算精度与计算效率的改进BMA方法。计算结果表明,在本田间尺度问题中,Ross模型排序最高,说明其兼具高精度与高效率,改进BMA方法可增加高计算效率模型被选中的概率,使模型选择更加全面合理。     

A dynamic two‐phase flow model for air sparging

Air sparging (AS) is an in situ soil/groundwater remediation technology, which involves the injection of pressurized air/oxygen through an air sparging well below the zone of contamination. Characterizing the mechanisms governing movement of air through saturated porous media is critical for the design of an effective cleanup treatment system. In this research, micromechanical investigation was performed to understand the physics of air migration and subsequent spatial distribution of air at pore scale during air sparging. The void space in the porous medium was first characterized by pore network consisting of connected pore bodies and bonds. The biconical abscissa asymmetric concentric bond was used to describe the connection between two adjacent pore bodies. Then a rule‐based dynamic two‐phase flow model was developed and applied to the pore network model. A forward integration of time was performed using the Euler scheme. For each time step, the effective viscosity of the fluid was calculated based on fractions of two phases in each bond, and capillary pressures across the menisci was considered to compute the pressure field. The developed dynamic model was used to study the rate‐dependent drainage during air sparging. The effect of the capillary number and geometrical properties of the network on the dynamic flow properties of two‐phase flow including residual saturation, spatial distribution of air and water, dynamic phase transitions, and relative permeability‐capillary pressure curves were systematically investigated. Results showed that all the above information for describing the air water two‐phase flow are not intrinsic properties of the porous medium but are affected by the two‐phase flow dynamics and spatial distribution of each phase, providing new insight to air sparging. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水—气二相流及污染物运移数值模拟研究

本文通过对近些年来水－气二相流数值模拟进展情况的分析,总结了在水－气二相流模拟过程中,各个主要参数或物理过程的数学概化方法,以及近年来在求解水气二相流方程和污染运移方程的方法上的改进情况。并在此基础上提出了需进一步研究解决的问题。     

非饱和冻土水汽迁移与相变过程的光滑粒子法模拟

为了研究多年冻土表层的水热分布情况,在非饱和冻土的能量守恒方程和水分迁移的质量控制方程的基础上考虑冰水相变和水汽相变过程,并考虑水汽运移传热及温度势对水汽迁移的影响,建立了非饱和冻土的水-热-汽耦合模型。采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,简称SPH)方法可方便地计算它们的演化过程。为此,在计算中先求解能量守恒方程的含冰量及气态水含量,再对未冻水含量和温度场进行求解,从而实现了温度场与水汽场的耦合。在此基础上,模拟计算了第1类热边界条件下半无限空间介质内非稳态温度场、体积含水率及水汽通量的分布情况,并将计算结果与未考虑耦合的解析解进行比较,结果显示水汽耦合的作用不容忽略。最后,针对处于季节性周期温度边界下路基的水热场的分布情况进行计算。研究表明,相比于水-热耦合模型,所建立的水-热-汽耦合模型得到的计算结果更为接近实际监测结果,可很好地揭示非饱和冻土中的水热汽迁移特征及其相变过程。     

裂隙概化模型的非饱和渗流试验研究

借鉴多孔介质非饱和渗流试验的研究成果,研制出一套可同时测定单裂隙毛细压力-饱和度以及非饱和渗透系数-毛细压力关系的试验装置.为检验试验装置的可信度和试验原理的正确性,并初步探讨单裂隙非饱和渗流的机理,特制作了一阶梯开度的裂隙概化模型(本文称之为“S-H”裂隙模型),并在上述试验装置上进行了“S-H”裂隙模型的非饱和渗流试验,初步阐明了单裂隙非饱和渗流的一些基本水力特性,同时试验结果也表明本文试验装置和试验原理合理可靠.     

A coupled two‐phase fluid flow and elastoplastic deformation model for unsaturated soils: theory,implementation, and application

Although numerous numerical models have been proposed for simulating the coupled hydromechanical behaviors in unsaturated soils, few studies satisfactorily reproduced the soil–water–air three‐phase coupling processes. Particularly, the impacts of deformation dependence of water retention curve, bonding stress, and gas flow on the coupled processes were less examined within a coupled soil–water–air model. Based on our newly developed constitutive models (Hu et al., 2013, 2014, 2015) in which the soil–water–air couplings have been appropriately captured, this study develops a computer code named F²Mus3D to investigate the coupled processes with a focus on the above impacts. In the numerical implementation, the generalized‐α time integration scheme was adopted to solve the equations, and a return‐mapping implicit stress integration scheme was used to update the state variables. The numerical model was verified by two well‐designed laboratory tests and was applied for modeling the coupled elastoplastic deformation and two‐phase fluid flow processes in a homogenous soil slope induced by rainfall infiltration. The simulation results demonstrated that the numerical model well reproduces the initiation of a sheared zone at the toe of the slope and its propagation toward the crest as the rain infiltration proceeds, which manifests a typical mechanism for rainfall‐induced shallow landslides. The simulated plastic strain and deformation would be remarkably underestimated when the bonding stress and/or the deformation‐dependent nature of hydraulic properties are ignored in the coupled model. But on the contrary, the negligence of gas flow in the slope soil results in an overestimation of the rainfall‐induced deformation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.