CYBERSPACE AND VIRTUAL PLACES

ABSTRACT. Computer networks are often described in terms that imply a virtual space or place: electronic frontier, cyberspace, and information superhighway have been used to indicate computer networks as a whole; cafés, dungeons, and virtual offices are some of the “places” people refer to as being in or on networks. The use of this language, which I collectively call “virtual-place metaphors,” indicates three broad metaphorical themes: virtual architecture, electronic frontier, and cyberspace. The metaphors encourage control, surveillance, and capitalist expansion through computer technologies—and also evasion and resistance through computer technologies.     

微型计算机在地理学的应用和限制

本文讨论微机在地理学上的应用,介绍可以从英美市场获得的地理软件,并检讨微机在英美地理教学和研究上的一些限制,以促进其在国内地理学上的应用。现存的软件和硬件基本上可以满足地理教学和研究上的大部分需要。随着微机价格的降低,体积的缩小,计算速度、内外存储器容量以及可携带性的增加,其实际应用将会更广。微机已逐渐成为地理教学和研究中不可缺少的工具。     

地理环境与社会发展

本文运用现代科学方法论的理论观点，在史地结合的层面上，对地理环境与社会发展的辩证关系进行了深入分析。认为地理环境不仅是社会发展的外部条件（背景与舞台、物质能量前提），而且是社会发展的内在因素（生产力的重要成分），它对社会发展的作用具有动态性和复杂性。在对传统观念反思的基础上提出了一些新的见解。     

面向建设实践,促进地理学的发展

以经济建设为中心是我国长期的、基本的国策，可持续发展纲领从总体战略上、社会发展上、经济发展上、生态发展上为经济建设提供了框架。在此框架下，地理学可以在人地关系、区域可持续发展、全球环境变化及地理信息技术等领域发挥学科优势，同时也面临着巩固理论基础、扩展应用领域方面的机遇与挑战。     

实验地理学与地理工程学

综述了竺可极、黄秉维、钱学森等关于自然地理学的思想,认为这些思想是建立实验地理学与地理工程学的基础。作者根据自身的工作经验,论述了实验地理学的对象、任务、工作程序、基本方法以及在地理学中的地位,提出了建立地理工程学的重要性、任务、工作程序、特点以及一个实例──山东禹城旱涝碱综合治理和中低产田的改造利用。     

人类活动与地理环境

本文从如下几个方面论述了人类活动与(自然)地理环境之间的关系问题:1、人类活动与地理环境关系主要学说的考察;2、人类活动与地理环境相互作用的历史分析;3、地理环境对人类活动的影响;4,人类活动对地理环境的反作用;5、人类与地理环境的共生。     

知识经济与地理综合研究

在未来的知识经济时代,以知识为基础的经济将逐渐占据国际经济的主导地位。知识经济时代,经济发展的可持续性、知识的创新以及世界经济一体化等特点与地理综合研究的特点和长处有许多共同之处。但地理综合研究为适应新时代的需求,亦需在研究内容上进一步深化和革新。包括充分考虑单一地理空间向地理空间和虚拟空间的转化,凸现人力资源的权重而对传统综合研究中要素均衡观的冲击,充分考虑科学技术发展而导致的资源和生产要素的相互替代,以及摒弃传统二元系统结构等。     

GENDER,CLASS, AND URBAN SPACE: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACE IN CONTEMPORARY URBAN LANDSCAPES

Informed by feminist debates about the distinction between public and private in western urban societies, this article examines some urban landscapes created or transformed in recent decades with a view to assessing the extent to which emancipatory conceptions of gender are apparent. Evidence drawn from the city of Edinburgh shows how divisions between public space and private space operate at different scales and take different forms in different neighborhoods. These forms illustrate how gender and class are interwoven in demarcations between and connotations of public and private spaces. In one of the neighborhoods examined, some breaking down of traditional gender connotations of public and private spaces is detected, a process that is closely associated with privileged middle-class lifestyles.     

UNDERSTANDING AND SOLVING AMERICAN URBAN PROBLEMS: GEOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS?

The genesis of most urban problems can only be understood in the context of the capitalist global economy in which the geography of development is necessarily countered by a geography of underdevelopment, at all spatial scales. Realization of this fundamental point implies that urban problems can never be solved within a capitalist context, only spatially rearranged. Geographers concerned with inequalities are therefore faced with a dilemma: either they work to redistribute welfare and illfare in the world or they work for the unmasking and replacement of capitalism.     

大连广场空间布局合理性及空间辐射

广场是城市文化活动的重要载体和城市中重要的文化生产空间.在甄别广场概念的基础上,给出了广场的新定义,之后选择大连市市内4区广场作为研究对象,对市内4区广场进行逐一调查,概括出大连城区广场的分布状况,并结合人口分布对广场布局进行了评价;详细调查了大连市内4区典型的5个广场,共发放1 800份问卷对广场活动者进行了调查,进而确定了每个广场的空间辐射范围的平面形态;最后对广场的使用频率和广场的社会文化意义进行了一些探讨,并根据实际情况提出建议,以供相关研究决策参考.     

NATIONALISM,COSMOPOLITANISM, AND GEOGRAPHICAL IMAGINATIONS

In this article I set nationalism and cosmopolitanism into sharp contrast with one another as inherently incompatible geographical imaginations. I begin by briefly denaturalizing nationalism and the nation‐state. I then turn to the philosophy and political agenda of cosmopolitanism, an ideology simultaneously very old and new, which offers a more inclusive and empathetic alternative to nationalist xenophobia. In the third section I argue that contemporary globalization has laid the ontological foundations of a cosmopolitan world order. Next, I explicate nationalism's and cosmopolitanism's competing visions of the definition and meaning of “community.” I summarize major objections to cosmopolitanism and offer a defense of it. In the following section I focus on the implications of cosmopolitanism for contemporary geography, including relational spatialities of empathy and caring. Finally, I suggest that contemporary globalization is gradually putting into place the legal and institutional apparatus for cosmopolitan global governance and democracy.     

气候突变:有关概念的介绍及一例分析—我国旱涝灾情的突变

本文介绍、评述了气候突变及其有关的一些概念,并应用突变检验方法对我国16个敏感性站点510年来旱涝灾情作了分析。