Experimental research on variation of porosity in destruction process of cement stabilized soil

Based on the process of reinforcing soft soil using cement in laboratory, the porosity of test samples under different pressures conditions were determined through mercury intrusion porosimetry. The experiment was introduced and the law of porosity variation was summarized. The results show that when stress is between 0 and 0.15--0.2 qu, porosity decreases along with the pressure, then porosity has increased in the wake of the pressure until the sample damaged. It can provide an experimental basis for exploring the failure mechanism of cement stabilized soil from the microscopic view and the study to establish the microcosmic constitutive model of cement stabilized soil.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长气田山西组致密砂岩储层特征

根据薄片鉴定、物性测试、压汞实验、X线衍射和扫描电镜分析等,研究鄂尔多斯盆地延长气田山西组致密砂岩储层特征.结果表明:延长气田山西组致密砂岩具特低孔低渗特性,储层的储集空间类型主要为碎屑颗粒内的粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔,次为裂缝.孔喉属细孔—微喉型,排驱压力大,孔隙结构差,孔渗相关性差.压实作用和胶结作用是导致砂岩致密化的主要因素,成岩作用早期的煤系地层有机酸性环境和成岩作用晚期的交代作用加速砂岩致密化,可溶性物质缺乏使得砂岩物性改善受阻.裂隙体系建立是改善储层物性的主要因素和转折点,使得溶蚀作用复强,溶蚀作用是储层优质化的"催化剂",能够提升储层储集油气能力.     

中国区域GPS站海潮负荷形变特征分析

讨论5个全球海洋潮汐模型NAO99b、FES2004、GOT4.7、TPXO7.2和EOT11a在中国区域的差异性和适用性,并基于这些全球海潮模型和高分辨率区域海潮模型,分析中国区域GPS站海潮负荷形变特征。采用GIPSY软件对中国区域GPS站长时间观测数据进行处理,分析高精度区域海洋潮汐模型对中国沿海GPS站高精度位置时间序列的影响。分析表明,加入区域海洋潮汐负荷形变后,对GPS时间序列垂向的影响最大可达5.01 mm,可能会引起GPS时间序列中包含15 d和173 d 的虚假周期信号。     

Preliminary results on relationship between thermal diffusivity and porosity of sea ice in the Antarctic

The in situ sea-ice temperature, salinity and density observed from Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station have been applied to calculate the vertical profile of sea ice porosity. Based on numerical method, a number of schemes on sea-ice thermal diffusivity versus porosity have been accessed and one optimized scheme is identified by an optimal control model with an advanced distributing parameter system. For simplicity, the internal heating source item was neglected in the heat conduction equation during the identification procedure. In order to illustrate the applicability of this identified scheme, the vertical ice temperature profiles have been simulated and compared with measurements, respectively by using identified scheme and by classical thermodynamic formulae.The comparisons indicated that the scheme describing sea-ice thermal diffusivity and porosity is reasonable. In spite of a minor improvement of accuracy of results against in situ data, the identified scheme has a more physical meaning and could be used potentially in various applications.     

Diagenesis characteristics and their influence on Porosity and Permeability of sandstone from Yingcheng Formation in Jinshan field

In order to understand the diagenesis and its influence on Porosity and Permeability of sandstones from Yingcheng Formation in Jinshan field,aPPlying thin sections,casting and scanning electron microsc...     

A sand control and development model in sandy land based on mixed experiments of arsenic sandstone and sand: A case study in Mu Us Sandy Land in China

Serious desertification caused by human activity and climate change, in addition to water loss and soil erosion related to arsenic sandstone in the Mu Us Sandy Land, lead to severe scarcity of soil and water resources, which causes worse local agricultural conditions accordingly. Many physical properties of arsenic sandstone is complementary with that of sand, arsenic sandstone is therefore supposed to be blended to enhance water productivity and arability of sandy land. Container experiments are carried out to study the enhancement of water holding capacity of the mixture, the blending ratio of arsenic sandstone and sand, and the proper size of the arsenic sandstone particles, respectively. The results of the experiments show that particle size of 4 cm with a ratio of 1 ： 2 between arsenic sandstone and sand are the proper parameters on blending. Both water content and fertility increase after blending. Water use efficiency in the mixture is 2.7 times higher than that in sand by the water release curves from experiments. Therefore, a new sand control and development model, including arsenic sandstone blending with sand, efficient water irrigation management and reasonable farming system, is put forward to control and develop sandy land so that water-saving agriculture could be developed. Demonstration of potato planting about 153.1 ha in area in the Mu Us Sandy Land in China indicates that water consumption is 3018 m3/ha in the whole growth period. It means that about 61% of irrigation water can be saved compared with water use in coarse sand without treatment. Recycle economic mode and positive feedback of sand resource-crop planting-soil resource are constructed, which changes sand into arable soil and make it possible to develop water-saving agriculture on it. The proposed model will be helpful for soil-water resources utilization and management in the Mu Us Sandy Land.     

延安新区地表垂直形变时空演化的经验正交函数分析

采用SBAS-InSAR技术对43景Sentinel-1A影像进行处理,获取延安新区（北区）地表形变信息,并运用经验正交函数对结果进行分解,得到研究区域的时间系数和空间分布。结果表明,延安新区（北区）的最大沉降速率为-56 mm/a,最大抬升速率为32 mm/a。从第1模态可以看出,挖方、填方是造成地表抬升和沉降的主要原因;第2模态则反映了工程建设不同时期对应的不同地表形变状态,即加速、减缓、平稳3个阶段。     

台湾美浓MW6.4地震InSAR形变场初步分析

利用欧洲航天局最新发射的宽刈幅、高分辨率Sentinel-1A卫星,第一时间获取2016-02-06台湾美浓MW6.4地震干涉像对,使用D-InSAR技术获取美浓地区的同震形变场。利用震中附近39个同震GPS观测进行对比验证后显示,InSAR获取的同震形变场精度优于1 cm（3σ）。形变发生在宏观震中30 km×30 km范围内,主要表现为沿雷达视线向抬升,最大抬升约12 cm。从形变场空间分布特征可以看出,空间连续性较好,说明宏观震中附近地表未发生明显破裂。宏观震中并不与震中位置重合,而是位于震中西部约15 km处。     

鄂尔多斯块体南缘InSAR地表形变探测分析

采用InSAR技术获取鄂尔多斯块体南缘地表形变速率场,为精细分析研究区域内不同类型的形变特征提供依据。结果表明,研究区中部存在多处形变漏斗,南部盆地内城区存在大范围沉降与隆升;岐山-马召段断裂为左旋走滑运动,口镇-关山断裂两侧存在差异运动。结合遥感影像与野外调查数据,确定研究区中部的形变漏斗为矿区开采所致,盆地内三原县发生沉降的原因主要为地下抽水,扶风县与蒲城县的地表隆升主要与地下水位回升有关。     

Evolution of pore fluid of low porosity and permeability reservoir in Qinnan Sag:a case study of 29-2 structure in Qinhuangdao area

The southeast depression of Qinnan Sag is a potential oil-gas exploration region in the Bohai Sea area.With the analysis of large quantity of rock thin sections, scanning electron microscope and the physical property data of reservoir, the authors studied the petrological characteristics and the evolution of pore and fluid of sandstone in the deeper strata in 29-2 structure in Qinhuangdao area.The results show that the evolutionary tendency of Paleogene sandstone reservoir porous fluid in research area is changed from alkaline porous fluid to acidic porous fluid, and back to alkaline porous fluid.There are three stages of reservoir porous evolution in Qinhuangdao area, namely sharp decrease in porosity due to mechanical compaction, increase in porosity because of corrosion and dissolution, and remarkable reduction owing to carbonate cementation.     

三峡重庆地区形变场及构造应力场研究

首次利用三峡重庆地区GPS、钻孔应变及数字地震资料,综合研究该地区水平形变场及构造应力场。结果表明,各站点相对丰都龙河站运动速率在0～3 mm/a,呈现一定的右旋特征;整个区域表现为压性特征,区域主压应变方向为NW向及NE向;最大剪应变等值线在渝西南、渝东北及与渝东南分别出现高梯度带,与主要地震活动区域相对应。     

大气负荷对新疆地区地壳形变和地面重力变化的影响

基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据,根据弹性地壳形变理论,采用移去-恢复法,利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法,计算新疆及周边区域2011～2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响,同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明,大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级,对地面重力的影响可达10μGal;大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。     

基于Sentinel-1影像的2019~2020年河北隆尧地裂缝及周边形变监测与分析

为了解隆尧地裂缝目前的发育状况及其对周边地区的影响,采用2019-01~2020-12共31景Sentinel-1影像,基于SBAS-InSAR和Stacking InSAR技术获取隆尧地裂缝及其周边区域的形变时间序列及形变速率分布,进一步采用均质弹性空间模型研究隆尧地裂缝现今滑移状况。结果表明：1）隆尧地裂缝2019~2020年南北两侧的形变速率梯度差达4 cm/a,较2007~2011年5 cm/a的形变速率梯度差有所下降;2）固城店镇、魏家庄镇、官庄镇存在明显的周期性地表形变,但总体趋势仍为沉降;3）建模结果表明,隆尧地裂缝现阶段几乎破裂至地表,滑移速率为27 mm/a,与2007~2011年结果相比深度及滑移速率有所降低,说明现阶段隆尧地裂缝虽仍处于活跃状态,但活跃程度有所减缓。     

Discussion on origin of clay minerals in outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin

Clay minerals in the outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the clay minerals mainly consist of illite, kaollinite and illite/smectite, which can be divided into two types： kaolinite- and illite/smectite types. The outcropped sandstone occurred in middle diagenetic stage-A on the basis of the clay mineral composition. The development factor of the formation of kaolinite type clay mineral is caused mainly by the organic acid from the coal-bearing formation and nmdstone during the diagenesis process in Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in the Jixi Basin. The weak hydrodynamic force of sedimentary facies made the sandstone leaching condition poor, which is the reason forming the aggregation of clay minerals of the illite/ smectite-and illite types.     

Discussion on origin of clay minerals in outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin

Clay minerals in the outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the clay minerals mainly consist of illite, kaollinite and illite/smectite, which can be divided into two types: kaolinite- and illite/smectite types. The outcropped sandstone occurred in middle diagenetic stage-A on the basis of the clay mineral composition. The development factor of the formation of kaolinite type clay mineral is caused mainly by the organic acid from the coal-bearing formation and mudstone during the diagenesis process in Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in the Jixi Basin. The weak hydrodynamic force of sedimentary facies made the sandstone leaching condition poor, which is the reason forming the aggregation of clay minerals of the illite/smectite-and illite types.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF WAVES AND TIDE-SURGE INTERACTION ON TIDE-SURGES IN THE BOHAI SEA

Abstract The author‘s combined numerical model consisting of a third generation shallow water wave model and a 3-D tide-surge model with wave-dependent surface wind stress were used to study the influence of waves on fide-surge motion. For the typical weather case, in this study, the magnitude and mechanism of the influence of waves on tide-surges in the Bohai Sea were revealed for the first time. The results showed that although consideration of the wave-dependent surface wind stresses raise slightly the traditional surface wind stress, due to the accumulated effects, the computed results are improved on the whole. Storm level maximum modulation can reach 0.4 m. The results computed by the combined model agreed well with the measured data.     

三元复合驱采油污水阻垢缓蚀剂电化学分析

研制适用于三元复合驱采油污水工况条件下的MPM固体缓蚀阻垢剂,分析三元复合驱采油污水中MPM的电化学特性.结果表明:随着温度增加,20#钢在采油污水的腐蚀速率呈增加趋势,极化曲线显示钝化区表面材料在表面高温下处于钝化状态,产生的钝化膜能够降低腐蚀速度.在阻垢缓蚀剂质量浓度相同的情况下,不同温度的电化学阻抗谱在高频区出现容抗弧,显示优良的缓蚀性能.不同质量浓度MPM极化曲线表明,缓蚀率随MPM质量浓度的增加而增大,MPM极值质量浓度为80mg/L.污水体系中的Ca2+、Cl-对缓蚀率产生影响.MPM适用于高质量浓度Ca2+的三元复合驱采油污水处理.     

城市化进程下北京平原渗流场与地面沉降发展演化模拟

北京地面沉降已有60多年的历史,其发生发展与半个多世纪城市的快速扩张密不可分.从整个北京平原地下水系统出发,梳理多年时间序列(1950-2015年)的城市发展规模、人口、水资源及开采动态等数据,结合遥感技术解译不同年代北京平原的不透水面变化,分析其对降雨入渗补给量的影响;构建整个北京平原含水层-弱透水层三维结构系统,借助PMWIN软件建立区域尺度的地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型,利用长期水位及沉降观测数据对模型进行识别验证;开展长时间序列的北京平原地下水水头场与地面沉降演化模拟,研究快速城市化进程下北京平原多层含水层系统渗流场演变与地面沉降响应特征.研究表明:长时间尺度区域地下水流场-地面沉降演化模拟基本再现了地面沉降形成和发展演化的过程;北京地下水开采历史与地面沉降发展历史具有一致性,而不同沉降区地面沉降发展受地下水开采和城市发展双重控制,是二者综合作用的结果.