海南岛森林资源的特点及林业可持续发展对策

分析了海南岛森林资源的特点,指出林业生产存在的主要问题。根据其特点,构建森林资源可持续经营管理的基本模式,并对海南林业可持续发展提出相应的对策。     

邵阳市森林资源特征及林业可持续发展对策

阐述了邵阳市林业生产条件, 分析了邵阳市森林资源特征、林业生产的地位及现存问题, 并对邵阳市林业可持续发展提出了相应的建议。文中重点探讨了林业分类经营问题, 提出了在建设商品林的同时必须注重生态公益林的建设。     

河南省森林资源可持续发展探讨

分析了河南省森林资源消长变化动态，论述了河南省森林资源可持续发展的原则、目标和战略行动要素。根据森林资源预测模型预测结果，提出了森林资源可持续发展对策。     

云南热带森林资源的利用方法及其发展

云南热带地区是我国热带森林类型最丰富的地区之一，同时又是一个少数民族聚居的地区各民族在长期的生产和生活实践中积累了利用和保护热带森林及其生物多样性的丰富经验。本文在广泛调查的基础上，总结了云南我传统的新发展的利用热带森林的方法并对它们的经济，生态效益进行了分析。     

循环林—森林资源良性循环的经营模式

本文从探讨森林资源良性循环的概念和基本规律出发，提出了生态经济力与生态经济关系相适应是森林资源良性循环的基本规律。进而在分析常规林业的森林经营模式的弊端基础上，并根据森林资源良性循环的基本规律提出了循环林是森林资源良性循环的经营模式，并对循环林的类型，调整方法和经营要点作了探讨。     

非洲坦噶尼喀湖流域资源开发利用与环境管理研究

坦噶尼喀湖(Lake Tanganyika)位于非洲东部大裂谷地区,是世界第二深水湖。坦湖流域涉及坦桑尼亚、布隆迪、赞比亚和刚果(金)4个主权国家,是典型的跨界流域,对流域进行有效管理必需经沿岸四国共同协调开展,尤其在流域资源利用和环境保护方面。坦噶尼喀湖目前水环境质量良好,但受气候变化、外来生物入侵、水土流失加剧以及沿岸城市人口增长过快、城市建设无序发展带来的点源和面源污染等自然和社会经济因素的多重影响。沿岸四国由于历史原因,在渔业资源分配和环境管理标准等方面存在较多矛盾和不统一,2008年成立的坦噶尼喀湖流域管理局受四国政府和UNEP等国际组织的支持作为该湖国际性事务的管理机构,主要发挥协调作用推动坦湖流域各国资源利用与环境管理的一体化。在梳理和分析坦噶尼喀湖流域水资源状况及渔业资源状况的基础上,提出该流域当前资源开发利用与利益冲突的问题,阐述了流域管理合作的发展以及流域管理机构的主要特点和结构,并讨论总结了有关经验和结论。     

基于芬兰经验的我国森林资源型城市的发展研究--以伊春市为例

资源型城市的可持续发展问题一直是学术界的研究热点,但对于森林资源型城市的研究却不多见。本文概括介绍了芬兰的资源和经济发展情况,系统分析了芬兰这样一个以森林起家的经济发达国家的成功经验;并以伊春为例提出了森林资源型城市经济转型和可持续发展可资借鉴的对策和建议。     

河南林业可持续发展研究

在分析河南林业现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了河南林业可持续发展２０００～２０１０年、２０１１～２０３０年、２０３１～２０５０年的阶段性目标,为实现这些目标的主要措施是大力培育商品林基地、建立覆盖全省的林业生态体系、加快林业产业化建设、坚持依法治林和科教兴林、加强森林资源保护和管理、搞好林业基础设施建设、深化林业改革、加大对林业的投入、加大宣传和领导力度等。     

中国林业发展的未来走势

以可持续发展理论为指导思想,从论述可持续林业是现代林业发展的新趋势入手,探讨了可持续林业的涵义、目标和内容,并提出了林业可持续发展的实施举措     

Coupling Conservation and Livelihoods for Sustainable Management of Protected Areas in East Africa

Strengthening research efforts to understand the combined impacts of conservation and livelihoods in protected areas (PAs) will increase the collective contribution that PAs can make towards meeting global goals for sustainable development in the next decade. As an example of such efforts, in 2014 the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) jointly initiated the “Sustainable Management of Protected Areas in East Africa” project. This paper provides a brief overview of the project’s research background, goals and research tasks. The study is based on a look at the PA management system in East Africa and a review of the literature on the impact of PAs in the region. Results show that East African nations have expanded the coverage of PAs and established a complex set of PA management systems over the past century. The mandate for PAs in East African nations has changed recently from protecting biodiversity to alleviating poverty and supporting livelihoods. However, a combination of human activities and ecological processes inside and outside of PAs may not only impact biodiversity and ecosystem function over the long term, but also pose a threat to the capacity of PAs to maintain livelihoods and alleviate poverty in the local communities around them. The state of existing research in the field suggests there is an enormous need for additional research, the purpose of which is to help PA managers and policy-makers in East Africa understand how to achieve win-win outcomes for both ecosystems and human well-being. Against this background, the CAS-KWS-UN Environment joint research project aims to understand the dynamic interactions between ecosystems and human well-being around PAs in East Africa and identify good practices for PA management to reconcile conservation targets with the livelihood demands of local communities. It is intended that this research be shared with interested parties throughout the developing world. Significant progress has been made in the implementation of the project, in terms of data collection, exchanges of researchers, and the completion of case studies. In the coming year, success stories and examples of failures of PA management in the region will be systematically summarized and shared among scientists, managers and decision makers worldwide. Given its blueprint for building a “Beautiful China”, China can both supplement and benefit from East African knowledge and experience of PA management. This joint research effort promotes Sino-African cooperation on PA research and management.     

沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落持续经营的对策

主要研究了极度干旱对小叶锦鸡儿生长的影响及小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙林的密度和现有林的经营利用对策,探讨了干旱条件下土壤水分与植株密度、植被盖度的关系。结果表明:天然群落表现出对干旱条件极强的适应性,人工群落则出现了生长衰退甚至大面积枯萎现象,这主要是由于人工群落密度过大所造成的。轻度放牧可以增加小叶锦鸡儿可食部分,是持续经营利用小叶锦鸡儿群落的有效途径。     

退牧（耕）还草（林）与甘肃的可持续发展

科学、有序地推进退牧（耕）还草（林）工程,不仅是甘肃生态建设可持续发展最基本的战略任务,而且是实现甘肃社会经济可持续发展的必然选择。本文从政策、管理、农牧户等方面分析了退牧（耕）还草（林）工程实施过程中存在的问题,提出了甘肃省退牧（耕）还草（林）建设要坚持创新性原则、贯彻协同性原则、体现科学性原则,突出地域性特征及建立有效的激励机制等总体思路和具体对策。     

基于"3S"技术的林地资源可持续管理

通过对我国林地资源管理现状的分析,认为我国林地资源的管理主要存在一些领导干部思想素质不高、林地资源管理体系不健全、林地产权不清、缺乏科学的林地资源价格评估体系和森林资源的调查与监测手段落后等方面的问题。分析了“3S”技术在林地资源管理中的作用;提出了应用“3S”技术,通过建立林地资源的监测信息系统、管理信息系统、数据库系统、估价信息系统和决策支持系统等来促进林地资源可持续管理的对策。     

'Trees, forests and communities': some historiographical approaches to environmental history on Africa

Focusing on the contested issue of trees and forests, this paper looks at various ways in which historians have explored environmental change and human agency in Africa. It looks in particular at the colonial period and positions the case of the Cape Colony (South Africa) in a broader historiographical context. Colonial silviculture involved both the appropriation of the natural forests and the creation of exotic plantations. These policies generated a mixture of reactions from African communities and had varying effects on the environment. Colonial science and the projects it gave rise to have since been critiqued, contributing to the promotion of community-based forestry schemes that try to incorporate indigenous knowledge and ideas about land use.     

我国土壤退化的机理与持续利用管理研究

文章在分析我国土壤退化背景及形成机理的基础上,按成因与结果,把土壤退化划分为土壤侵蚀、土壤盐碱化、土壤沙化、土壤贫瘠化、土壤坡坏、耕作土壤面积减少等７种退化类型,最后提出了土壤资源持续利用管理对策。     

论西藏的天然林保护与林业可持续发展

从西藏的天然林资源和林业经营现状 ,概述了天然林资源在可持续发展战略中的地位和作用 ,资源过度消耗引发的生态环境问题 ,以及实施天然林保护工程的重大意义和西藏林业实行分类经营的基本恩路及对策。     

Access to electricity for all and the role of decentralized solar power in sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT

Several hundred million people in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of being without access to electricity by 2030 despite the ongoing work aimed at achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 7—sustainable energy for all. Based on qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys, observation, and participation in Kenya and Senegal between 2010 and 2018, the author aims to explain why the rate of progress is slower than intended. The findings highlight three strong hindrances: lack of affordability due to extreme poverty, mismatch between the village-level outreach of grid-based electricity systems and the geography of settlements, and lack of consideration given to gender inequality. The findings also provide new insights into the ways that decentralized small-scale solar power increasingly meets some of the shortcomings of centralized grids in addressing these three issues, even in rural areas where grids are already present. The author concludes that the ways in which village communities have combined the use of solar-powered energy with grid-supplied energy indicates the importance of the former and the need to intensify efforts to improve solar power delivery models and integrate them fully in energy sector strategies.