Land Use/Cover Change Detection of Tiruchirapalli City, India, Using Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Tools

The rapid growth of urban population in India is a cause of concern among country??s urban and town planners for efficient urban planning. The drastic growth of urban areas has resulted in sharp land use and land cover changes. In recent years, the significance of spatial data technologies, especially the application of remotely sensed data and geographical information systems (GIS) has been widely used. The present study investigates the urban growth of Tiruchirapalli city, Tamilnadu using IRS satellite data for the years 1989, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010. The eight satellite images are enhanced using convolution spatial enhancement method with Kernel (7?×?7) edge enhance function. Supervised classification method is used to classify the urban land use and land cover. The GIS is used to prepare the different layers belonging to various land uses identified from remotely sensed data. The analysis of the results show the drastic increase of built up area and reduced green cover within the city boundary limit.     

基于土地覆盖图斑的多时相遥感影像自动配准方法

针对点、面方法仅利用了遥感影像几何特征和部分波段的灰度特征进行多时相遥感影像配准的不足,本文提出了一种利用稳定土地覆盖图斑的多时相遥感影像自动配准新方法,充分利用遥感影像多光谱信息和大量存在的稳定土地覆盖图斑信息进行图像配准,并且选取了土地覆盖年际变化最为强烈的农业种植区作为实验区,分别利用了同一传感器和不同传感器不同时相的遥感数据开展了实验研究。两次试验中,配准精度分别达到了0.57个像元、0.65个像元。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效地筛选出满足图像配准的同名图斑,具有较高的配准精度和适用性,提高了遥感影像的配准效率。     

基于BJ -1小卫星遥感数据的矿区土地覆盖变化检测

为了评价利用北京一号小卫星(BJ-I)遥感数据监测煤矿区土地利用/地表覆盖变化的效果,针对其数据特点,选择基于图像信息运算和图像信息变换的直接变化检洲法以及分类后比较法,对徐州东矿区2007～2008年土地利用/地表覆盖变化情况进行检测,以对比、评价各种方法在土地利用/地表覆盖变化检测中的应用效果和BJ -1数据的适用...     

土地利用/覆盖变化的遥感分析

以安徽省阜阳市城区(颍州区、颍东区、颍泉区)为研究对象,基于2007、2012年Landsat-7ETM+影像和2018年Landsat-8影像,使用遥感图像处理平台(Environment for Visualizing Images,ENVI)软件对阜阳市城区2007—2018年土地利用/覆盖变化做具体定量分析研究...     

基于遥感数据的哈尔滨土地利用/覆被变化研究

以哈尔滨市为例,基于Landsat数据,利用遥感技术和GIS技术对2000和2015年的遥感影像数据进行解译分类,通过对分类结果的统计分析,定量研究哈尔滨市15年间的土地利用变化过程,结果显示:哈尔滨市土地综合利用程度较高,区域内耕地面积减少;相反,城市建成区面积大幅增加,区域内绿地面积逐年减少,应注意生态环境维护保持。     

Assessment of Land use/land cover Change in the North-West District of Delhi Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Land is one of the prime natural resources. A city grows not only by population but also by changes in spatial dimensions. Urban population growth and urban sprawl induced land use changes and land transformation. The land transformation is a natural process and cannot be stopped but it can be regulated. Many geographical changes at the urban periphery are associated with the transfer of land from rural to urban purpose. There is an urgent need for fast growing areas like Delhi, which can be easily done by high-resolution remote sensing data. Land use/land cover of North West of Delhi has been analyzed for the time period of 1972?C2003. The remote sensing data used in study is Aster image of 2003 with a spatial resolution of 15?m and other data of 1972 Survey of India (SOI) toposheet at the scale of 1:50,000. Supervised digital classification using maximum likelihood classifier was applied for preparing land use/land cover. A change detection model was applied in ERDAS Imagine to find out the land use/land cover during 1972 to 2003. Eight land use classes was identified but main dominated classes were built up and agricultural land. A drastic change has been recorded during 30 years of time i. e. (1972-2003). In 1972, 92.06% of the land was under agricultural practice, which reduced to 64.71% in 2003. This shows 27.35% decrease in agricultural land in three decades. On the other hand built up area was 6.31% in 1972, which increased to 34% in 2003. One of the main cause of this land use change is the population growth due to the migration in the district from small cities and rural areas of Delhi.     

遥感技术在我国土地利用/覆盖变化中的应用

介绍了遥感技术的发展与现状及其在我国土地利用/覆盖变化中的应用,说明了遥感技术在土地资源管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。     

论土地利用与覆盖变化遥感信息提取技术框架

利用遥感技术提取土地利用和覆盖变化信息是一个多因素交织的复杂过程,为提高遥感信息提取的自动化和定量化水平,本文针对变化信息本身的内涵(容)将这一复杂过程分解为变化位置发现、变化区域提取、变化类型确认以及变化信息表示等过程,构建了基于遥感技术的土地利用与覆盖变化信息提取技术流程,并对流程中的关键技术和方法进行了论述和探讨。本文的技术方法能有效应用于多时相遥感数据或已有土地利用与覆盖数据支持下的单一时相遥感数据情况下的变化信息提取。     

老挝Phonxay区土地利用/土地覆盖遥感调查

老挝是一个发展中国家,境内的大多数地方没有开展过土地利用/土地覆盖调查。本文选择老挝琅勃拉邦省的Phonxay区为研究区域,利用Landsat OLI数据进行土地利用/土地覆盖遥感调查与分析。研究过程中,利用ArcGIS Desktop选择训练样本和验证样本,通过Python和ArcPy编程开发了图像分类、精度评价以及面积统计的工作流程序,实现了快速得到分类结果和精度评价信息,分类结果的总精度为89.53%,Kappa系数为0.81。     

单一时相遥感数据土地利用与覆盖变化自动检测方法

针对基期(用于该研究的前一时期数据)T1仅拥有土地利用和覆盖图件(矢量格式)而另一期T2拥有遥感数据的情况,构建了基于知识引导的土地利用和覆盖变化自动检测技术与方法。T1时期土地利用与覆盖与T2期遥感数据在配准叠加情况下,以T1完整的土地利用与覆盖类型图斑为单元构建土地各类别遥感数据知识库,然后以图斑单元或以像素为单位计算遥感影像特征统计量,通过与知识库相关数据的比较与匹配自动检测出变化并识别出相应的土地利用与覆盖类别。文章最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Application of Earth Remote Sensing and GIS in Mapping Land Cover Patterns in Kinangop Division, Kenya

<正>Land cover is a fundamental variable that links many facets of the natural environment and a key driver of global environmental change.Alterations in its status can have significant ramifications at local,regional and global levels.Hence,it is imperative to map land cover at a range of spatial and temporal scales with a view to understanding the inherent patterns for effective characterization,prediction and management of the potential environmental impacts.This paper presents the results of an effort to map land cover patterns in Kinangop division,Kenya,using geospatial tools.This is a geographic locality that has experienced rapid land use transformations since Kenya's independence culminating in uncontrolled land cover changes and loss of biodiversity.The changes in land use/cover constrain the natural resource base and presuppose availability of quantitative and spatially explicit land cover data for understanding the inherent patterns and facilitating specific and multi-purpose land use planning and management.As such,the study had two objectives viz.(i) mapping the spatial patterns of land cover in Kinangop using remote sensing and GIS and;(ii) evaluating the quality of the resultant land cover map.ASTER satellite imagery acquired in January 23,2007 was procured and field data gathered between September l0 and October 16,2007.The latter were used for training the maximum likelihood classifier and validating the resultant land cover map.The land cover classification yielded 5 classes,overall accuracy of 83.5%and kappa statistic of 0.79,which conforms to the acceptable standards of land cover mapping. This qualifies its application in environmental decision-making and manifests the utility of geospatial techniques in mapping land resources.     

土地覆盖制图：基于最优化遥感数据的支撑向量机分类

遥感数据具有在不同空间、光谱和时间尺度上获取地表测量信息的能力,使其成为获取土地覆盖信息的一个主要数据源。影像分类即把卫星影像上的相关像元划分给某类已知的土地覆盖类型的过程。支撑向量机（SVMs）是一种土地覆盖分类的新技术。三种常用的SVMs是：基于线性和多项式的SVM以及具有高斯核函数的SVM分类器,分类能否成功地应用有赖于其各自选择的最佳参数。但是海量的遥感数据使得这些参数的确定速度十分缓慢。本文研究了一种新的基于最优化遥感数据压缩技术的SVM分类方法。研究显示用于获取SVM参数的数据量能够在不影响土地覆盖的分类精度的前提下进行压缩。数据压缩成功的应用于多项式和高斯核函数的SVM分类,而线性SVM的分类精度却非常低。     

多源遥感数据结合的土地利用变化研究

针对多源遥感数据结合监测土地利用变化,本文以辽宁省盘锦市2005和2015年的TM和Landsat-8影像为实验数据,对该地区土地利用变化情况进行深入研究和探讨,重点分析了该研究区域的土地数据处理与分类、土地利用变化幅度模型、单一土地动态变化模型、综合土地动态变化模型、土地利用程度指数等,并分析了研究区域的转移矩阵及动态分析。结果表明:利用多源遥感影像处理,能够很好地总结和分析土地利用变化情况,使研究区域各项指标变化情况得到准确统计。     

Assessment and Management Flash Flood in Najran Wady Using GIS and Remote Sensing

Flash flood assessment and management are necessary for municipal, urban growth planning and emergency action plans. By using the Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System software, we can model flash flood events and calculate water surface profiles over the length of the modeled stream. After collecting elevation points by using GPS method, the digital elevation model can be calculated for the study area. Najran city has main flood stream passes beside King Abdullah Road based on facts and previous works. A small study area including the mainstream of Wady Najran and King Abdullah Road has chosen as test site. The used methodology has also been proved efficiently for identifying flood inundation maps. Water extent area overlapped by 52–86% for both used methods. At discharge Q = 15 m³/s, the road needs to be protected from the flood.     

基于高分遥感数据的地表覆盖专题监测研究

为推动高分遥感数据在地理国情地表覆盖专题监测工作中的应用,研究了基于高分遥感数据开展地理国情地表覆盖专题监测的技术路线和数据处理与分析方法,探讨了专题监测系统的模块和功能设置,以期为地理国情地表覆盖专题监测工作提供参考。     

Assessment of Post-fire Soil Erosion Risk in Fire-Affected Watersheds Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Soil erosion is a prominent cause of land degradation and desertification in Mediterranean countries. The detrimental effects of soil erosion are exemplified in climate (in particular climate change), topography, human activities, and natural disasters. Forest fires, which are an integral part of Mediterranean ecosystems, are responsible for the destruction of above-and below-ground vegetation that protects against soil erosion. Under this perspective, the estimation of potential soil erosion, especially after fire events, is critical for identifying watersheds that require management to prevent sediment loss, flooding, and increased ecosystem degradation. The objective of this study was to model the potential post-fire soil erosion risk following a large and intensive wildland fire, in order to prioritize protection and management actions at the watershed level in a Mediterranean landscape. Burn severity and preand post-fire land cover/uses were mapped using an ASTER image acquired two years before the fire, air photos acquired shortly after the fire, and a Landsat TM image acquired within one month after-fire. We estimated pre-and post-fire sediment loss using an integrated GIS-based approach, and additionally we analyzed landscape erosion patterns. The overall accuracy of the severity map reached 83%. Severe and heavy potential erosion classes covered approximately 90% of the total area following the fire, compared to 55% before. The fire had a profound effect on the spatial erosion pattern by altering the distribution of the potential erosion classes in 21 out of 24 watersheds, and seven watersheds were identified as being the most vulnerable to post-fire soil erosion. The spatial pattern of the erosion process is important because landscape cover heterogeneity induced especially by fire is a dominant factor controlling runoff generation and erosion rate, and should be considered in post-fire erosion risk assessment.     

卫星遥感监测城市扩展与环境变化的研究

本文阐述应用北京地区自１９８４年至１９９２年４景秋季的ＴＭ图像，通过高精度几何配准，辐射水准归一化，热图像条纹噪声消除，各种干扰因素的识别．压抑、剔除，目标信息的增强、提取，以及背景影像的生成等图像应用处理，直接获得试区８年间城镇建设用地、绿地、水体，城市热岛等环境要素变化动态，快速制出客观反映城市扩展变化的系列图件。