星际甲醇（CH3OH）脉泽

简要综述了近年来对于星际ＣＨ３ＯＨ脉泽的观测和研究成果，对ＣＨ３ＯＨ脉泽的性质从分类，生成区域及分布，辐射特性，运动状况等方面做了介绍，并阐明了理论上对其时变特性，激发机制及河外脉泽的探讨，最后对两种类型的ＣＨ３ＯＨ脉泽作了对比和讨论。     

OH/IR脉泽源的空间分布和光度函数

本文对OH/IR脉泽源的银河系分布和光度函数进行了研究。所选127个OH/IR脉泽源全部是有光学或红外证认的,其中大部分是光谱型>M5的长周期变星(主要是Mira变星)。计算结果表明:OH/IR脉泽源在离银心R_0≈7.5kpc处有一个最大的空间密度,在R R_0时,空间密度下降较快,分布曲线的FWHM≈2.1kpc.以上结果与Glass等人对Mira变星所做的结果基本一致。由OH/IR脉泽源的距离、探测几率、改正后的OH射电峰值流量导出了已证认OH/IR源的光度函数.光度分布在0.6—1000Jy·kpc~2范围内,源的数目随L变大急剧下降,此特征类似于未证认的OH/IR源.由文中结果得到银河系中有光学或红外对应体的OH/IR脉泽源约2×10~5个,大部分未探测到的OH/IR源,其流量密度可能在0.1—1Jy之间.文中最后讨论了已证认OH/IR源与未证认OH/IR源之间的区别和联系.     

OH超脉泽源的模型与统计分析

本文提出OH超脉泽源的一个具体模型,在该模型中OH超脉泽源由非饱和的球型子源组成.在此估算出超脉泽星系致密射电核的尺度和连续谱亮温度,以及OH源距星系核的最小非饱和距离.计算表明,OH超脉泽源所包含的子源数目可能相当大.R_H～log ρ_(25μm)/ρ_(60μm)图、log L_(OH)/L_(IR)～log ρ_(25μm)/ρ_(60μm)图和其它结果显示,有一部分OH超脉泽源很可能是弱饱和的,本文对此作了解释.     

薄分子云湍流结构函数的倾角改正及其应用

通过结构函数可以测量湍流的能量级联速率.在实际观测中,无法测量分子云中气体的3维速度,这使得其湍流结构函数难以测量.对垂直于视线方向的薄分子云的情形,结构函数Stt2可以通过云核速度弥散(core velocity dispersion,CVD)进行测量,CVD2=1/2Stt2.对此进行推广,对于不垂直于视线方向的薄分子云,CVD2=1/2Stt2(1-1/8cos2θ)R2/3,其中,θ是视线方向与投影方向的夹角,平均投影距离与3维距离之比R可以用第2类椭圆积分E(k,φ)表示为R=2/πE(cosθ,π/2).     

IRAS05391—0217和IRAS06572—0742源的热动性质

利用紫金山天文台青海观测站１３．７米射电望远镜对源ＩＲＡＳ０５３９１０２１７和ＩＲＡＳ０６５７２０７４２进行了１２ＣＯＪ＝１－０观测,获得了气体的相应参数;用ＩＲＡＳ及其他红外观测资料,获得了尘埃热结构;探讨了云中气体的热平衡．对于ＩＲＡＳ０５３９１０２１７中由远红外得出的Ｔｄ＜Ｔｋ的情形,考虑了几种可能的加热机制．光电加热对该云可能是比较重要的;激波可能是另一种加热途径．     

W3（OH）区域H2O脉泽的快速时变

通过对Ｗ３（ＯＨ）区域２２ＧＨzＨ２Ｏ脉泽源的短时间跟踪观测,探测到速度为－５２ ．８Ｋｍ／ｓ子谱的流量密度呈线性下降趋势,变化时村约为１９天。同时也观测到了整个脉泽源的谱线宽度与该子谱的强度之间的相关变化。这些现象可能是由脉泽云之间的相互碰撞导致脉泽抽运率的变化所引起的。     

ON2中部以西区域OH1665和1667MHz脉泽的观测和研究

利用法国巴黎天文台的南锡射电望远镜对ON2中部以西区域OH1665和1667MHz脉泽进行观测，结合模型对中部以西区域的OH1665和1667MHz脉泽谱线频谱图进行分析和研究、利用薄盘模型，得到相应于ON2中部以西区域的OH1665和1667MHz峰的脉泽斑的位置及其Keplerian运动速度。     

猎户座分子云团中弥散电离介质的视向速度及线强度比分布

恒星形成区是研究恒星形成物理过程最重要的天体物理实验室. 猎户座分子云团是研究各种质量恒星形成和相关年轻恒星性质的一个著名天区. 通过对恒星形成区的光学光谱分析, 可以获取其内部热电离气体的运动学和化学性质. 基于国家大科学装置郭守敬望远镜(LAMOST)的光谱观测数据, 从LAMOST I期光谱巡天数据中筛选出8个指向猎户座分子云团的观测面板, 获取了1300多条针对猎户座分子云团内弥散电离介质的有效光谱. 选取不受星际介质污染的背景天光光谱构建超级天光, 对这些光谱数据做减天光处理, 并进一步测量其发射线性质,包括Ha、N Ⅱ] λ 6584、[S Ⅱ]λλ 6717和6731等发射线的中心波长和积分流量等.最后给出猎户座分子云团内弥散电离介质的视向速度和线强度比分布情况.     

W3(OH)区域H2O脉泽的快速时变

通过对 Ｗ３（ＯＨ）区域 ２２ ＧＨz Ｈ_(２)Ｏ脉泽源的短时间跟踪观测,探测到速度为-５２．８ ｋｍ／ｓ子谱的流量密度呈线性下降趋势,变化时标约为 １９天．同时也观测到了整个脉 泽源的谱线宽度与该子谱的强度之间的相关变化．这些现象可能是由脉泽云之间的相 互碰撞导致脉泽抽运率的变化所引起的。     

The pattern speed of the OH/IR stars in the Milky Way

We show how the continuity equation can be used to determine pattern speeds in the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG). This method, first discussed by Tremaine & Weinberg in the context of external galaxies, requires projected positions, ( l , b ), and line-of-sight velocities for a spatially complete sample of relaxed tracers. If the local standard of rest (LSR) has a zero velocity in the radial direction ( u _LSR), then the quantity that is measured is  Δ V ≡Ω_p R ₀- V _LSR  , where Ω_p is the pattern speed of the non-axisymmetric feature, R ₀ is the distance of the Sun from the Galactic centre and V _LSR is the tangential motion of the LSR, including the circular velocity. We use simple models to assess the reliability of the method for measuring a single, constant pattern speed of either a bar or spiral in the inner MWG. We then apply the method to the OH/IR stars in the ATCA/VLA OH 1612-MHz survey of Sevenster et al., finding  Δ V =252±41 km s^-1,  if   u _LSR=0  . Assuming further that   R ₀=8 kpc  and   V _LSR=220 km s^-1,  this gives  Ω_p=59±5 km s^-1 kpc^-1  with a possible systematic error of perhaps 10 km s⁻¹ kpc⁻¹. The non-axisymmetric feature for which we measure this pattern speed must be in the disc of the MWG.     

Kinematics of O-B5 giants

To study the kinematics of O-B5 giant stars (luminosity class III), 290 non-Gould belt stars with proper motions taken from the Hipparcos catalogue are used, of which 107 have radial velocities taken from other sources. Semidefinite programming solves for the kinematical parameters and the coefficients of the velocity ellipsoid. The condition that both solutions must yield the same solar velocity is enforced. The results obtained are reasonable: solar velocity of 13.83 ± 0.17 km s⁻¹; Oort's constants, in units of km s⁻¹ kpc⁻¹, A = 16.08 ± 0.72 and   B =−10.74 ± 0.65,  implying a rotational velocity of 228.0 ± 21.4 km s⁻¹ if we take the distance to the Galactic Centre as 8.5 ± 1.1 kpc; velocity dispersions, in units of km s⁻¹, of  σ _x = 32.44 ± 5.04, σ _y = 26.16 ± 2.75, σ _z = 18.71 ± 2.39  with a vertex deviation of         

Kinematics and history of the solar neighbourhood revisited

We use proper motions and parallaxes from the new reduction of Hipparcos data and Geneva–Copenhagen radial velocities for a complete sample of  ∼15 000  main-sequence and subgiant stars, and new Padova isochrones to constrain the kinematics and star formation history of the solar neighbourhood. We rederive the solar motion and the structure of the local velocity ellipsoids. When the principal velocity dispersions are assumed to increase with time as   t ^β  , the index β is larger for  σ _W (β _W ≈ 0.45  ) than for  σ _U (β _U ≈ 0.31)  . For the three-dimensional velocity dispersion, we obtain  β= 0.35  . We exclude saturation of disc heating after  ∼3 Gyr  as proposed by Quillen & Garnett. Saturation after  ≳4 Gyr  combined with an abrupt increase in velocity dispersion for the oldest stars cannot be excluded. For all our models, the star formation rate (SFR) is declining, being a factor of 2–7 lower now than it was at the beginning. Models in which the SFR declines exponentially favour very high disc ages between 11.5 and 13 Gyr and exclude ages below  ∼10.5 Gyr  as they yield worse fits to the number density and velocity dispersion of red stars. Models in which the SFR is the sum of two declining exponentials representing the thin and thick discs favour ages between 10.5 and 12 Gyr with a lower limit of  ∼10.0 Gyr  . Although in our models the SFR peaked surprisingly early, the mean formation time of solar-neighbourhood stars is later than in ab initio models of galaxy formation, probably on account of weaknesses in such models.     

The Dependence of Satellite Galaxy Kinematics on Galaxy Properties

The relations between the kinematics of satellites and the properties of hosts and satellites themselves are investigated in this paper. Our sample of hosts and satellites is selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data by adopting a self-adapted method developed by van den Bosch et al. Consistent with the previous studies, the average velocity dispersion increases with the mass of host galaxy, and is larger for red hosts than for blue hosts. We find that, on average, the velocity dispersion is independent of satellite mass around red hosts, however it increases with the satellite mass around blue hosts, and red satellites have a larger velocity dispersion than their blue counterparts. Our further investigations show that in the same halo, the velocity dispersion is independent of satellite mass, regardless of the host color. Interestingly, around red hosts, the red satellites tend to have a smaller velocity dispersion than the blue ones. It implies some interesting processes. In addition, we also find that if host galaxies only have red or blue (high mass or low mass) satellites, the system with red (high mass) satellites has a larger velocity dispersion than that with blue (low mass) satellites. It suggests that satellite properties are important for the measurement of dark halo mass.     

Distribution of SiO and OH Maser Stars in the Galactic Plane

The observational results of the Nobeyama 45-m SiO maser survey and the Arecibo 305-m OH maser survey are assembled for an analysis of the distribution and kinematics of late-type stars in the Galactic plane.It is found that neither SiO maser stars nor OH maser stars show any concentration to the spiral arms,which imply that they do not belong to the arm population and quite possibly they are low-mass stars in late stage of evolution.A rotational curve is also derived for these objects and a few features which may be real are discussed and compared with those derived from planetary nebulae and AGB stars.     

Kinematics of the Open Cluster System in the Galaxy

Absolute proper motions and radial velocities of 202 open clusters in the solar neighborhood, which can be used as tracers of the Galactic disk, are used to investigate the kinematics of the Galaxy in the solar vicinity, including the mean heliocentric velocity components (u_1,u_2,u_3) of the open cluster system, the characteristic velocity dispersions (σ_1,σ_2,σ_3), Oort constants (A, B) and the large-scale radial motion parameters (C,D) of the Galaxy. The results derived from the observational data of proper motions and radial velocities of a subgroup of 117 thin disk young open clusters by means of a maximum likelihood algorithm are: (u_1,u2,u3) = (-16.1±1.0, -7.9±1.4,-10.4±1.5) kms~(-1), (σ_1,σ_2,σ_3) = (17.0 ±0.7,12.2±0.9,8.0±1.3) kms~(-1),(A,B) = (14.8±1.0,-13.0±2.7) kms~(-1) kpc~(-1) ,and(C,D) = (1.5±0.7,-1.2±1.5) kms~(-1) kpc~(-1) . A discussion on the results and comparisons with what was obtained by other authors is given.     

Kinematics of the Galactic halo from horizontal branch stars in the Hamburg/ESO survey

Large samples of field horizontal branch (FHB) stars make excellent tracers of the Galactic halo; by studying their kinematics, one can infer important physical properties of our Galaxy. Here we present the results of a medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of 530 FHB stars selected from the Hamburg/ESO survey. The stars have a mean distance of ∼7 kpc and thus probe the inner parts of the Milky Way halo. We measure radial velocities from the spectra in order to test the model of Sommer-Larsen et al., who suggested that the velocity ellipsoid of the halo changes from radially dominated orbits to tangentially dominated orbits as one proceeds from the inner to the outer halo. We find that the present data are unable to discriminate between this model and a more simple isothermal ellipsoid; we suggest that additional observations towards the Galactic Centre might help to differentiate them.     

Kinematics of stellar populations with RAVE data

We study the kinematics of the Galactic thin and thick disk populations using stars from the RAVE survey’s second data release together with distance estimates from Breddels et al. (2010). The velocity distribution exhibits the expected moving groups present in the solar neighborhood. We separate thick and thin disk stars by applying the X (stellar-population) criterion of Schuster et al. (1993), which takes into account both kinematic and metallicity information. For 1906 thin disk and 110 thick disk stars classified in this way, we find a vertical velocity dispersion, mean rotational velocity and mean orbital eccentricity of (σ_W, 〈V_Φ〉, 〈e〉)_thin = (18 ± 0.3 km s⁻¹, 223 ± 0.4 km s⁻¹, 0.07 ± 0.07) and (σ_W, 〈V_Φ〉, 〈e〉)_thick = (35 ± 2 km s⁻¹, 163 ± 3 km s⁻¹, 0.31 ± 0.16), respectively. From the radial Jeans equation, we derive a thick disk scale length in the range 1.5-2.2 kpc, whose greatest uncertainty lies in the adopted form of the underlying potential. The shape of the orbital eccentricity distribution indicates that the thick disk stars in our sample most likely formed in situ with minor gas-rich mergers and/or radial migration being the most likely cause for their orbits. We further obtain mean metal abundances of 〈[M/H]〉_thin = +0.03 ± 0.17, and 〈[M/H]〉_thick = −0.51 ± 0.23, in good agreement with previous estimates. We estimate a radial metallicity gradient in the thin disk of −0.07 dex kpc⁻¹, which is larger than predicted by chemical evolution models where the disk grows inside-out from infalling gas. It is, however, consistent with models where significant migration of stars shapes the chemical signature of the disk, implying that radial migration might play at least part of a role in the thick disk’s formation.