从河南仰韶村到山西丁村——怀念袁复礼教授,并记“丁村旧石器”发现的一个序曲

本文简单记述了古脊椎动物与古人类研究所50年代几件有历史意义的活动,包括研究所的名称的由来,第一次野外考察,丁村旧遗址群的发现过程中的一些作者亲身经历的小插曲,供对科学史有兴趣的地学工作者的参考。此外,也提到一些关于我国几个著名的古生物(包括古人类)地点或遗址,当前在研究方面一些遇到的问题和对这些问题的个人看法。这些存在的问题,它们的产生是“自然的”,但可以减少重复,使工作更为有效和集中到了解科学问题本身上去。我们发表了不少数量的著作,但相对的信息则较少,深入解决问题的进度还可以更快一些。     

Comment on “Hydrolysis of neptunium(V) at variable temperatures (10-85 °C)” by L. Rao, T.G. Srinivasan, A.Yu. Garnov, P. Zanonato, P. Di Bernardo, and A. Bismondo

In a recent study [Rao, L., Srinivasan, T.G., Garnov, A.Yu., Zanonato, P., Di Bernardo, P., Bismondo, A., 2004. Hydrolysis of neptunium(V) at variable temperatures (10-85 °C). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta68, 4821-4830.] the hydrolysis of Np(V) was investigated at 10-85 °C by absorption spectroscopy, potentiometry, and microcalorimetry along the titration of Np(V) solutions with tetramethylammonium hydroxide up to pH 10. However, there is strong evidence that the precautions to avoid competing reactions with carbonate were not sufficient and that the measured effects are not caused by the formation of Np(V) hydroxide complexes but primarily by the formation of Np(V) carbonate complexes. The reported equilibrium constants, enthalpies, entropies, and heat capacities for the complexes NpO₂OH(aq) and are severely in error and must not be used for the geochemical modeling of neptunium. If the hydrolysis constants reported by Rao et al. [Rao, L., Srinivasan, T.G., Garnov, A.Yu., Zanonato, P., Di Bernardo, P., Bismondo, A., 2004. Hydrolysis of neptunium(V) at variable temperatures (10-85 °C). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta68, 4821-4830] are used to calculate neptunium solubilities in alkaline solutions relevant for nuclear waste repositories, the Np(V) concentrations are overestimated by orders of magnitude.