气压对库尔勒水管倾斜观测的影响机制研究

选取库尔勒台十五数字化改造后的气压和水管倾斜观测资料,利用小波分析方法分离观测数据中的信号,将相同频段的水管与气压进行相关性分析。分析结果表明,气压对水管倾斜观测的影响主要表现为线性关系,并且气压对水管影响的优势周期是64~128 h。     

运用小波分析方法研究盐湖Ms4.4和河津Ms4.8地震前山西地区井水位变化特征

运用小波变换及多尺度分析原理,对山西水位观测井在盐湖Ms4.4和河津Ms4.8地震前一年内整点值数据序列进行分析,将东郭井、介休井井水位资料中不同周期成分进行有效分离,小波变换分解后能够更直观地反映地震前兆异常现象,说明运用小波分析法处理水位资料是一种较有效的方法。     

小波分析在井水位的气压和潮汐改正中的应用

本文将小波分析方法应用于地下水位观测资料的气压和潮汐改正中。该方法利用小波将气压观测和理论重力固体潮资料分解为不同频段的时间序列,用最小二乘法求出气压和固体潮不同频段的响应系数,以消除气压和固体潮对水位的影响。用该方法计算的结果与一般线形回归分析方法得到的结果进行对比,发现该方法能更有效地分析和消除气压和固体潮对地下水位的影响。小波分解在井水位气压、潮汐改正中的应用以波动理论和振动理论为基础,它不仅考虑了观测资料的频率域特性,而且还能直接在时间域内计算出不同频率范围的气压系数和潮汐系数,具有明确的物理意义。     

小波分析方法在静水位资料对黑龙江省桦南M4.7级地震震前反映分析

利用小波分析和多尺度分析原理,结合通河、延寿、鹤岗静水位资料进行分析,对黑龙江省桦南县M4.7级震例资料,探讨该方法对于提取静水位数据水位资料中水位整点值序列的不同周期成分进行了有效分离,小波分析分解结果能够更直观和显著地反映地震活动的震前异常信息的有效性,表明小波分析在处理和分析水位资料方面是一种有效的方法。     

马场体应变气压响应特征分析

以马场体应变为研究对象,经小波分析对马场地震台体应变、气压不同时段相同频段的观测数据进行对比研究,分离观测数据信号,并进行相关性分析。分析结果表明,马场台气压对体应变的影响在周期为16~256 min和32~64 h两个卓越频段内主要表现为线性关系。     

2000年以来马17井水位、气压观测资料分析

整理和分析2000年以后马17井的水位、气压观测资料,采用日极差法分析影响该井水体的能量变化;分别采用按时间分段数据的散点图和全时段滑动分析的方法,定性和定量地研究该井的固体潮效应及其特点;采用滑动的一阶线性回归的方法分析长时间段内水位与气压的关系,解释该井的气压效应特征;最后结合淮镇地震、文安地震、汶川地震前后该井水位观测数据变化现象,讨论该井水位的变化机理和变化特征,揭示其变化发展趋势,使马17井在今后的地震预测工作中发挥更大的作用。     

成都基准台重力年变化原因讨论

成都基准台的重力观测曲线具明显年变周期,其干扰因素主要为气压和地下水。通过对重力、气压、水位的相关分析表明气压的干扰远大于水位的干扰。进一步作残差分析,排除了气压、水位的绝大部份干扰,消除了观测曲线的年变周期。     

静态密闭状态下大甸子井孔隙度与体积压缩系数时序特征分析

以内蒙古大甸子观测井为数据收集对象,利用原始水位观测数据得到该井静态密闭下气压系数、水位与气压的关系以及孔隙度与气压系数的关系,从而分析该井静态密闭状态下孔隙度与体积压缩系数时序特征。结果表明,孔隙度与固体骨架的体积压缩系数和含水层内水的体积压缩系数间存在幂函数关系;在第一象限内,各井含水层介质固体骨架的体积压缩系数随着孔隙度的增大而增大;含水层内水的体积压缩系数随着孔隙度的增大而减小。     

基于时间序列谐波分析的鄱阳湖湿地植被分布与水位变化响应

采用高时间分辨率遥感信息的谐波分析方法,提取反映鄱阳湖湿地植被指数随水位变化的谐波分量,分别以自然年和水文年的不同周期作为湿地植被指数谐波分析单元,利用时间序列信号的最大振幅谐波分量的变化周期表征湿地植被指数在不同分析单元的变化模式,结合常年水位观测数据和湿地植被群落在不同物候期的时间与空间特征,探讨鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区和南矶湿地国家级自然保护区的植被分布面积与水位变化关系.结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖湿地植被分布受水文状况影响的特征明显,相对于南矶自然保护区,鄱阳湖自然保护区湿地植被分布面积对观测水位的变化更为敏感.(2)两个自然保护区范围内的湿地植被分布面积与对应水文年9和10月的观测水位呈现较强的负相关关系,且在0.05水平上显著.一年两季生长的湿地植被分布面积受退水时间影响大于次年的涨水时间,与枯水期的观测水位无明显的相关关系.(3)两个自然保护区在不同高程区间的湿地植被分布面积与观测水位的相关关系和显著性呈现各自特征.在鄱阳湖保护区,12~13 m高程区间的湿地植被分布面积与9月观测水位的相关性最强,且相关关系在0.05水平上显著;13~14 m高程区间的湿地植被分布面积与10月观测水位相关关系更强.在南矶自然保护区,湿地植被分布面积在不同高程区间均与9和10月观测水位显著相关.采用谐波分析方法分析湖泊湿地的植被分布面积与水位关系有助于基于多时间序列遥感信息的湿地水文节律研究.     

巴彦岱1号井静水位周期变化主要影响因素研究

本文以巴彦岱1号井静水位为研究对象,分别应用别尔采夫滤波、小波分析与相关分析等方法,研究巴彦岱1号井静水位周期变化主要影响因素。分析结果表明,巴彦岱1号井静水位在日波、半日波频段主要受固体潮的影响;气压影响频段可能为64—256min、32—2048h（1—2个月周期的月波）2个频段,年周期变化与气温变化具有较强的线性相关性。     

中高频带地下水位对气压和固体潮的响应特征分析

我国前兆观测网络数字化改造的完成, 使得对地震地下水位观测的孕震信息提取和干扰因素排除的研究拓宽至更广的频率范围, 而对原有一些认识的重新考察也成为可能。 本文从中国地震前兆台网挑选出数据质量较好的10个台站, 分析各个台站2008年1月1日至5月11日的地下水位和气压资料及理论重力固体潮的频谱及其频域相关性特征, 并分析了地下水位对气压响应的时移。 结果表明, 中高频带地下水位对气压的响应没有低频带好, 两者相关性随周期的减小而减弱; 含水层岩性对中高频带地下水位的气压和固体潮响应特征有较大影响, 部分灰岩井在高频频段存在地下水位对气压响应异常的现象; 时移效应对水位的气压响应整体特征影响不大, 体现出两种信号自身的复杂性。     

Teleconnection and climatic oscillation in aquifer water level in Kumamoto plain,Japan

Relative little is known about the interaction between climate change and groundwater. Analysis of aquifer response to climatic variability could improve the knowledge related to groundwater resource variations and therefore provides guidance on water resource management. In this work, seasonal and annual variations of groundwater levels in Kumamoto plain (Japan) and their possible interactions with climatic indices and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were analyzed statistically. Results show the following: (1) The water level in the recharge area mainly fluctuates at 1‐ and 2‐year periods, whereas the significant periodicity for water level oscillation in the coastal aquifer is 0.5 year. (2) The aquifer water levels are possibly influenced by variability in precipitation, air temperature, barometric pressure, humidity variances and ENSO. Relative high correlations and large proportions of similarities in wavelet power patterns were found between these variables and water levels. (3) Aquifer response to climatic variances was evaluated using cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence. In recharging aquifers, the ENSO‐induced annual variations in precipitation, air temperature, humidity and barometric pressure affect aquifer water levels. The precipitation, air temperature and humidity respond to ENSO with a 4‐, 6‐ and 8‐month time lag, respectively, whereas the ENSO imparts weak influence on the barometric pressure. Significant biennial variation of water levels during 1991–1995 is caused primarily by precipitation and humidity variations. In the coastal aquifer, the 0.5‐year variability in ENSO is transferred by precipitation, barometric pressure and humidity to aquifer water levels, and the precipitation/humidity influence is more significant comparing with the barometric pressure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiple Wavelet Coherence to Evaluate Local Multivariate Relationships in a Groundwater System

Groundwater level fluctuations are affected by surface properties due to complex correlations of groundwater-surface water interaction and/or other surface processes, which are usually hard to be accurately quantified. Previous studies have assessed the relationship between groundwater level fluctuations and specific controlling factors. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the impact of the combination of multiple factors on the groundwater system. Hence, this paper tries to explore the localized and scale-specific multivariate relationships between the groundwater level and controlling factors (such as hydrologic and meteorological factors) using bivariate wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence. The groundwater level fluctuations of two wells in areas covered by different plant densities (i.e., the riparian zone of the Colorado River, USA) are analyzed. Main findings include three parts. First, barometric pressure and river stage are the best factors to interpret the groundwater level fluctuations at small scales (<1 day) and large scales (>1 day) at the well of low-density plants stand, respectively. Second, at the well of high-density plants stand, the best predictors to control the groundwater level fluctuations include barometric pressure (<1 day), the combination of barometric pressure and temperature (1-7 days), temperature (7-30 days), and the combination of barometric pressure, temperature, and river stage (>30 days). The best predictor of groundwater head fluctuations depends on the variance of the vegetation coverage and hydrological processes. Third, these results provide a suite of factors to explain the groundwater level variations, which is an important topic in water-resource prediction and management.     

固原体应变观测资料综合分析

对固原海子峡体应变2008年1月以来的观测数据进行了连续率、日漂移、内在精度以及噪声水平等方面的统计分析,结果显示观测资料连续率高,内在精度高,漂移快,噪声水平相对偏高.并从中选取了4个时段与气压进行相关分析,结果显示两者存在高度相关性,且体应变随气压变化在时间上存在40min的滞后效应,应用相关分析方法去除气压对体应...     

井-含水层系统地下水类型定量分析和判别

利用水位、 气压和理论固体潮数据, 采用卷积回归法中水位对气压的阶跃响应函数, 定量地分析和判定了华北北部板桥井、 大灰厂井、 黄骅井、 大甸子井、 丰镇井和三号地井的井-含水层系统的地下水类型, 并结合研究时段内各井的气压系数和M₂波潮汐因子的结果进行了对比分析． 结果表明: ① 各井的滞后时间与阶跃响应函数之间存在明显的以e为底的指数函数关系, 且底数e的系数的正负决定了井-含水层系统的地下水类型; ② 承压井的阶跃响应函数随滞后时间的增大而增大, 且最佳阶跃响应函数值越大, 相应的气压系数和M₂波潮汐因子也越大, 反之亦然; ③ 潜水井和半承压水井的阶跃响应函数随滞后时间的增大而减小, 其最佳阶跃响应函数与气压系数和M₂波潮汐因子间的关系不明显, 可能与含水层的水力特性、 井孔结构及固体潮汐波的频率有关．      

Coherence among climate signals, precipitation, and groundwater

Climate signals may affect groundwater level at different time scales in different geographical regions, and those patterns or time scales can be estimated using coherence analysis. This study shows that the synthesis effort required to search for patterns at the physical geography scale is possible, and this approach should be applicable in other regions of the world. The relations between climate signals, Southern Oscillation Index, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, North Pacific Pattern (SOI, PDO, NAO, and NP), precipitation, and groundwater level in three geographical areas of Wisconsin are examined using a three-tiered coherence analysis. In the high frequency band (<4(-1) cycles/year), there is a significant coherence between four climate signals and groundwater level in all three areas. In the low frequency band (>8(-1) to ≤23(-1) cycles/year), we found significant coherence between the SOI and NP signals and groundwater level in the forested area, characterized by shallow wells constructed in sand and gravel aquifers. In the high frequency band, there is significant coherence between the four climate signals and precipitation in all three areas. In the low frequency band, the four climate signals have effect on precipitation in the agricultural area, and SOI and NP have effect on precipitation in the forested and driftless areas. Precipitation affects groundwater level in all three areas, and in high, low and intermediate frequency bands. In the agricultural area, deeper aquifers and a more complex hydrostratigraphy and land use dilute the effect of precipitation on groundwater level for interdecadal frequencies.     

A hydrographic method to identify the groundwater net recharge,barometric effect and evapotranspiration from a complicated semidiurnal water table fluctuation

A hydrographic method was proposed to separate out the hourly scaled groundwater level changes caused by net recharge, barometric effects and evapotranspiration from a semidiurnal water table fluctuation. A characteristic midnight time, with a turning point of the barometric pressure change and high relative air humidity, which meant that neither the barometric effect nor groundwater evapotranspiration occurred, was proposed for determining the net recharge rate r_net. Then, the barometric efficiency f_bar was estimated using the other time period without evapotranspiration, and the evapotranspiration rate r_ETG was finally obtained using the remainder of the water level changes. A case example illustrated that estimation of f_bar using the proposed method was more accurate than that using the traditional error analysis method, which may result in a significant underestimation under the condition of the present water level changes. Additionally, the abnormal semidiurnal fluctuations, more specifically, two step-down fluctuations, which may be a common pattern when the groundwater level is controlled by net recharge, barometric effects and evapotranspiration, can be well understood using the three components separated out. The results also showed that nighttime groundwater evapotranspiration, accounting for an average of 23% of that during the daytime, cannot be ignored.     

Comparison of Two Wavelet Transform Coherence and Cross-Covariance Functions Applied on Polar Motion and Atmospheric Excitation

The wavelet transform techniques were applied to compute time-frequency spectra, coherence and cross-covariance functions between complex-valued polar motion and atmospheric excitation functions. These wavelet transform approaches are based on the classical wavelet transform with Morlet wavelet and the harmonic wavelet transform. The computed coherence and cross-covariance functions enable comparison of polar motion and atmospheric excitation functions data in the chosen frequency band. In the study we concentrate on short period oscillations with periods ranging from several to about 250 days. The time lag functions show frequency dependent time lags corresponding to maxima of the modules of cross-covariance functions between the polar motion and atmospheric excitation functions.     

应变固体潮资料与气压的相关分析及其改正的一种方法

通过对应变资料和气压资料的频谱分析，将固体潮频段的信息分别提取出来，再进行相关分析，二者显示出了很强的线性相关性。据此，对应变观测资料进行了气压改正，使应变固体潮调和分析的各项精度指标有了明显的提高，指出该方法的实用效果，同时，对气压改正中存在的问题也进行了讨论