湛江湾填海工程对海床冲淤的影响预测

建立了湛江湾泥沙数学模型,模拟了湛江湾海床冲淤演变,模拟结果表明,湛江湾海床较为稳定,年冲淤强度小,模拟冲淤分布与历史海图资料得出的长期演变趋势符合。模型用于湛江湾围填工程对海床冲淤变化的影响预测,结果表明工程后海床冲淤强度没有明显的改变。另外,优选了围填方案,估计了港池的淤积强度。     

远距离GNSS潮位测量精度的影响因素研究

为实现远岸潮位精确监测,从天线类型、浮标姿态改正、数据处理模式等影响因素进行了远距离GNSS浮标潮位测量精度的分析研究。结果表明:相比于非扼流圈天线,采用扼流圈天线可有效提高GNSS浮标数据观测质量,获得较高精度的定位结果;姿态改正对浮标天线高误差达厘米级,潮位提取中可通过低通滤波器有效消除;远距离潮位测量(基线大于300 km)中PPP潮位精度整体优于PPK潮位;GNSS潮位测量精度受海况影响严重,四级海况以内,潮位测量精度优于10 cm,可以满足远距离潮位观测精度的要求。     

上海市开发潮汐能、潮流能和风能的前景

上海目前消耗的能源全部来自煤、石油和天然气，环境污染一直困扰着上海。由于大量使用煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源，带来两大问题：化石物质在燃烧过程中，排放了大量有害有毒物质，严重地污染了环境；地球上这些资源的储存量是有限的，专家们指出，如继续大量使用石油，按现有储量，则五六十年后石油资源将枯竭，已探明可开采的天然气约可维持六七十年，储量丰富的煤，预计也只有三百年左右的开采寿命。１面对能源与环境的双重挑战，研究开发利用清洁和可再生的新能源已在世界发达国家兴起。新能源主要包括太阳能、风能、生物质能、…     

潮汐电站发电运行调度影响因素研究分析

潮汐能是一种洁净无污染、蕴藏量丰富的可再生新能源。我国海岸线漫长曲折,蕴藏着丰富的潮汐能资源。开发和利用潮汐能,对于缓解我国能源危机具有重大意义。文章通过对已建或拟建潮汐电站发电运行相关因素的分析研究,分析各影响因素之间的相互关系,衡量各因素的权重比例,可为潮汐电站发电运行调度方式选择提供参考依据,对提高潮汐电站的综合效益有重大帮助。     

Drifter Observations of Anticyclonic Eddies near Bussol' Strait, the Kuril Islands

Hydrographic surveys and satellite imaging reveal that mesoscale anticyclonic (AC) eddies are common features of the area south of Bussol' Strait, the deepest of the Kuril straits connecting the western North Pacific and Sea of Okhotsk. To examine the velocity structure of these eddies, we deployed groups of 15-m drogued satellite-tracked surface drifters over the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench in the fall of 1990 and late summer of 1993. Drifters in both groups entered large AC eddies centered over the axis of the trench seaward of Bussol' Strait and subsequently underwent a slow northeastward translation. One drifter (Drifter 1315) deployed near the center of the “Bussol' eddy” in 1990, remained in the eddy for roughly 45 days and made five loops at successively greater distances from the eddy center. Large-amplitude (80–100 cm/s) storm-generated inertial oscillations were observed during the first two loops. The vorticity field associated with the eddy resulted in a Doppler “red-shift” of inertial frequency motions such that the “effective” inertial period of 21 hours was roughly 4 hours greater than the nominal inertial period for the drifter latitude (45°N). In 1993, a second drifter (Drifter 15371) was retained in the Bussol' eddy for about 40 days. This eddy had characteristics similar to those of the 1990 eddy but was devoid of significant high-frequency motions until the drifter's final half loop. The observed spatial scales, persistence, and slow poleward translation of the eddies suggests that they play an important role in the dynamics of the East Kamchatka and Oyashio current systems. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

影响潮位观测质量因素分析与研究

在全球气候变暖的影响下,中国沿海海平面上升趋势还将进一步加剧。海平面上升会给沿海地区的社会经济、自然环境以及生态系统带来重大影响。面对海平面上升带来的巨大危害,如何防止其上升带来的危害显得尤为重要。首先要掌握海平面上升速率,潮位观测数据是对海平面进行科学研究的重要依据之一,潮位数据的及时性、准确性、完整性在海平面研究中起主导作用。但由于在观测中常使用不正确的方法,所以无法计算准确的平均海平面高度。根据潮位观测理论和多年实践经验,总结了在潮位观测中影响观测质量的因素,从而得到当地准确海平面及海平面上升速率,为防灾减灾提供基本理论依据。     

防波堤建设对海底泥沙冲淤环境影响研究

以烟台八角海域为例,分别采用数值模拟计算与实测值对比两种方式分析评价防波堤建设对海底冲淤变化的影响。研究结果表明,防波堤建设导致研究区海底沉积物由原来的平衡状态转变为"浅水冲深水淤"的态势,冲刷及淤积速率均为0~0.06m/a。除构筑物附近等边界区域外,模型计算结果与实测泥沙运移趋势基本一致。     

“数字海底”--海底数据集成管理与可视化研究

针对目前"数字海底"建设中存在海底调查数据集成管理与三维可视化表达不足等问题,本文采用GIS技术,以黄河水下三角洲埕北海域为研究对象,利用地理空间数据集成理论与三维建模方法,建立了埕北海域三维海底空间数据库,实现了研究区域地形数据、地层数据、钻孔数据、表层沉积物数据的有效组织管理与可视化,并在此基础上,采用ArcGIS Engine 10.0,结合.NET平台,在Visual Studio 2010开发环境下,利用C#语言进行了二次开发,实现了基于C/S (Client/Server)架构的三维海底虚拟仿真系统的开发,设计了一套面向埕北海域的三维海底虚拟仿真原型系统。     

重力信息反演海底地形的非线性影响研究分析

基于Paker理论导纳函数模型,研究分析了频率域海底地形非线性项对重力异常与重力异常垂直梯度贡献的量级。通过对日本某海域数值实验结果表明,频率域海底地形非线性项对重力异常的影响需要考虑到三次项,对重力异常垂直梯度量级的影响需要考虑到四次项。研究结果对于提高利用重力异常和重力异常垂直梯度反演高精度海底地形具有应用价值。     

水平轴潮流能水轮机阵列对区域潮流场影响研究

为考察水轮机阵列对区域潮流特性的影响,本文基于Delft 3D-Flow建立斋堂岛及附近水域的三维水力学模型并通过实测数据进行校验。经验证后的模型,采用TSE方法确定阵列在目标水域中的放置位置,并通过动量损失方式模拟水轮机对流场的影响,进而研究和评估在一定水域面积下不同水轮机数量组成的阵列对潮流场的影响。仿真结果显示:该水域放置水轮机阵列将对附近较大范围水域的水位产生影响,在靠近阵列处水位变化最大能达到3 cm;对区域流速影响较为显著,当阵列中水轮机密度较大时,其尾流影响区域局部时刻流速下降能达到45 cm/s且影响距离可延伸至其下游2 km外。     

老黄河口水下三角洲前缘底坡不稳定地形的近期演变及控制因素

根据1988～1996年埕北浅海区的海底调查资料,深入探讨了海底不稳定现象的形成及发育机制,分析了老黄河口水下三角洲不稳定地形的近期演变动态,提出海底地形及地貌演变的主要特征。并指出波浪是控制海底地形及微地貌变化的主要外动力因素。     

The Influence of the Cockle, Cerastoderma edule, on the Macrozoobenthic Community of Tidal Flats in the Wadden Sea

Abstract. The cockle Cerastoderma edule is one of the large and important species of the tidal flats of the Wadden Sea. C. edule disturbs the upper sediment layer due to its crawling and “shaking” behaviour. About 7% of a cockle population move within one week. The mean distance of movement is -4 cm per week, which, in the case of a 2-year-old cockle with a length of ?3 cm, means that ?20 cm² of sediment is disturbed to a depth of ?3 cm. Besides these measurable movements, cockles also regularly “shake” themselves, thereby disturbing the sediment around them to at least ?0.5 cm. At a density of 500 cockles per m² of a mean length of 3 cm, ?16% of the sediment surface is occupied by cockles and another ?29% is disturbed by cockles within one week. To study the effects of cockles on recruitment of other benthic species, densities of 0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 cockles (mean length 3 or 3.5 cm) were added to 1-m² plots within large depopulated squares in April. Subsequently, sediment samples were sieved once a month (from June to September) and the densities of all macrozoobenthic species were estimated. The presence of cockles significantly reduced the densities of juveniles of the bivalve species C. edule, Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, Tellina (Angulus) tenuis, and Ensis directus and of the worm species Pygospio elegans, Lanice conchilega, Eteone longa, Anaitides spec., Nephtys hombergii, Heteromastus filiformis, Scoloplos armiger, and Tharyx marioni and of the amphipods Corophium volutator and C. arenarium. Non-significant effects were found only in Capitella capitata and Nereis diversicolor. For all species mentioned above a negative effect was already observed at the lower cockle densities of 125 - 250 per m². Reductions of about 50% or more were found at densities of 500 per m², which was more than could be expected based on the area occupied by the cockles (?16%), but close to the area occupied plus disturbed (?45%). It is concluded that (dense) assemblages of adult cockles can have a strong influence on the macrozoobenthic community.     

多岛屿、汊道复杂地形海区流场影响的数值模拟研究

复杂地形海区的潮流场特征及工程对其的影响一直是海洋环境研究中比较关注的问题。本文采和正交曲线网格和动边界结合技术，建立了复杂地形海区大范围、局部加密的二维高精度潮流数值模型，研究分析了工程前后宁波大榭岛LPG码头附近复杂海域大范围潮流场特征和局部特殊地形对其的影响，并从动力机制上进行了讨论。结果表明：地形的挑流作用、水流流路分离和多股水流的潮汐动力不均匀等原因，使海区的潮流场结构变得非常复杂，其重要特征是有众多回流区产生。     

珠江河口西南风强迫下潮流场的数值模拟

采用Backhaus三维斜压模型模拟了均匀西南风场对珠江口近岸海域的影响，并与无风情况作了对比；通过对珠江河口盐度场及风生环流的分析比较，结果表明，模型较为真实地再现了夏季珠江河口的水动力学特性。     

Tidal Amplitude Delta Factors and Phase Shifts for an Oceanic Earth

M.S. Molodenskiy’s problem, which describes the state of an elastic self-gravitating compressible sphere, is generalized to the case of a biaxial hydrostatically equilibrium rotating elliptical inelastic shell. The system of sixth-order equations is supplemented with corrections due to the relative and Coriolis accelerations. The ordinary and load Love numbers of degree 2 are calculated with allowance for their latitude dependence and dissipation for different models of the Earth’s structure (the AK135, IASP91, and PREM models). The problem is solved by Love’s method. The theoretical amplitude delta factors and phase shifts of second-order tidal waves for an oceanic Earth are compared with their most recent empirical counterparts obtained by the GGP network superconducting gravimeters. In particular, it is shown that a good matching (up to the fourth decimal place) of the theoretical and observed amplitude factors of semidiurnal tides does not require the application of the nonhydrostatic theory.     

Estimates of Turbulence Intensity and Power Density of an Asymmetric Tidal Current under Wind Forcing Variability

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A high-frequency (1.2 MHz) four-beam Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler moored on the seabed has been used for direct turbulence measurements in a tidal...     

埕岛油田潮流、风海流预报系统的研制与应用

在埕岛油田潮流、风海流预报系统中应用了整体潮流预报法,结合对本海域潮流实测资料,研究编制成操作简便、功能强大的潮流预报应用软件,实现了对埕岛海域潮流和风海流的即时预报,用于指导油田生产管理,并取得了较好的效果。     

赤湾验潮站搬迁前后潮位变化特征及其订正

赤湾海洋站是国家海洋局在深圳西部海域唯一的潮汐观测站点,至今已观测30多年。由于地理位置特殊,2008年起该站被选为《中国海平面公报》反映珠江口海平面变化的代表站。2012年10月该站搬至新验潮站,受此影响,其潮位观测序列产生了差异性和不连续性。本文通过计算机编程实现了对海洋站水文气象数据的质量控制。同时,采用赤湾站与邻近验潮站进行对比的方法得出新旧站的潮位差值,初步探讨了搬站前后潮位观测结果的订正方案,并研究其建站以来的历史海平面变化特征。这对确保该站潮位资料的准确性及代表性具有重要意义,同时也为珠江口海域防灾减灾、涉海工程、风暴潮预报等提供了数据支撑。     

蒸发波导条件下风速风向对电磁波传播的影响

海洋蒸发波导是重要的军事敏感要素,严重影响着海上电磁波的传播。风向、风速是决定蒸发波导强弱的重要因素,为精确模拟蒸发波导条件下的电磁波传播,准确评估预报雷达、通信等电子设备的性能,文中利用抛物线方程模型,结合粗糙度参数和蒸发波导条件下大气修正折射指数廓线模型来求解电磁波波动方程,基于电磁波传播的数值模拟结果,重点研究蒸发波导条件下风速和风向对电磁波传播的影响。并得到如下结论:在同一传播距离处,风速越大,海面粗糙度越大,海面电磁波传播损耗就越大;当电磁波传播方向与风向夹角为0°时,其传播路径损耗远远大于在45°或90°条件下,即顺风条件下电磁波传播损耗大于侧风。     

海底沉积物声速研究的意义、方法及展望

总结和分析了20世纪50年代以来的国内外有关海底沉积物声速研究的主要文献,详细阐述了海底沉积物声速研究的科学意义、工程意义和军事意义。将海底沉积物声速的主要研究方法进行了归纳和分类,分为理论研究、室内声学试验和海底原位声学试验3个大类,并论述和分析了各类方法的代表性观点及取得的主要研究成果。最后对目前海底沉积物声速的研究方法存在的主要问题进行了讨论,展望了基于高分辨率声学浅地层剖面资料与钻孔岩心对比研究方法的发展前景。