东秦岭李家寨岩体地质特征及成因探讨

李家寨岩体位于河南省南部,由原灵山岩体中解体出来,并解体为三个单元,岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩;其内富含有斜长花岗岩、斜长角闪岩、辉长岩、辉石玢岩、学堂冲独立侵入体及围岩的包体或残留体,与其他岩体相比此特征为李家寨岩体所特有;各单元间的岩石化学成分变化均较小,规律性不明显,属结构演化序列;是具有同熔型和I型花岗岩地球化学特征的S型花岗岩;源岩物质来自于由岩石圈强烈拆沉和减压增温熔融形成的以下地壳为主的壳幔混合物;形成于秦岭造山带陆内南北向挤压造山阶段。     

临朐铁寨杂岩体基本特征及其与金矿化关系的探讨

临朐铁寨杂岩体为燕山晚期侵入的中性、中偏碱性浅成—超浅成岩类,主要由闪长岩、闪长玢岩及二长斑岩等组成,为同源岩浆演化的产物。闪长（ 玢） 岩为成矿母岩,与金矿关系密切,金矿（ 化） 体产在闪长（ 玢） 岩与朱砂洞组蛇纹石化大理岩、泥质灰岩接触带上及其附近。     

抚顺地区砬子山杂岩体地质特征及成因

砬子山岩体出露于华北地台抚顺—清原古隆起带与吉黑地槽的相接部位。砬子山岩体是由石英闪长岩、似斑状石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩构成的杂岩体。4个岩性不同的侵入体构成连续的中-酸性钙碱岩石序列。岩体的地质特征、地球化学特征表明4个侵入体是同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。岩浆的演化机制为深部岩浆分异作用,岩浆则是来源于下部地壳。     

胶南地区前寒武纪侵入岩的岩石谱系单位划分及地壳演化

胶南地区的变质杂岩主要由中、晚元古代的变质深成岩组成。按照同源岩浆演化理论，这些深成岩可划归四个超单元：①海阳所超单元，由基性岩－中性岩－酸性岩构成一个较完整的岩浆演化序列，为中元古代幔源深成岩类，形成于洋内裂谷环境，属非造山岩浆岩类；②荣成超单元，由二长花岗岩类构成，为晚元古代壳源S型花岗岩类，形成于碰撞造山阶段，属同造山岩浆岩类；③铁山超单元，由石英正长岩－正长花岗岩组成，为晚元古代幔源分异型（A型）花岗岩类，形成于陆内张裂环境；④月季山超单元，由二长岩－二长花岗岩组成，为晚元古代壳幔混合源（Ⅰ型）花岗岩类，形成于板块碰撞后期，亦属同造山花岗岩类。胶南地区前寒武纪地壳演化进程为：在早元古代陆缘海的基础上，中元古代该区地壳拉张形成裂谷，海阳所超单元沿裂谷侵位；晚元古代地壳由拉张环境转变为挤压环境，裂谷闭合发生板块碰撞造山作用，伴随产生大量同造山岩浆岩类。其中板块碰撞引起的部分融熔作用形成荣成超单元，板块碰撞造成的局部拉张环境使幔源分异的A型花岗岩类铁山超单元定位，稍后壳幔混合岩浆沿造山作用产生的推覆构造空腔定位形成月季山超单元。     

小秦岭华山和文峪岩体成金潜力异同分析:来自锆石群形态标型的证据

小秦岭金矿集中区的华山和文峪岩体均是与金矿有密切成因联系的花岗岩。目前在文峪岩体周边发现的金矿床数量明显比华山岩体周边多。明确华山和文峪岩体的成矿潜力异同对在华山岩体周边找矿具有重要意义。在岩相学研究基础上,主要运用Pupin提出的锆石群形态温度指数-碱度指数图解,对采自华山岩体中间相粗粒黑云二长花岗岩、边缘相中细粒黑云二长花岗岩及文峪岩体中间相粗粒黑云二长花岗岩样品进行镜下观察,并对挑选出的锆石群进行形态分类、统计和对比分析。据野外观察,文峪岩体的暗色微晶包体较华山岩体中相对较多。两个岩体中部的锆石结晶较晚,粒度集中在60~240μm,边部的锆石结晶较早,粒度多在30~100μm。锆石标型群演化势(TET)曲线显示岩浆向低温富碱方向演化。华山岩体边缘相中细粒黑云二长花岗岩的锆石标型群演化势曲线较短,显示锆石整体结晶环境温度较高;两个岩体中间相粗粒黑云二长花岗岩岩浆均形成于混合源区,显示经历了较长时间的冷却过程,也更富碱。这些现象暗示形成华山岩体的岩浆经历了与形成文峪岩体的岩浆相似的起源和演化过程,即在地壳深部形成花岗岩浆的同时发生幔源岩浆混合生成混源岩浆。因此,华山岩体应当具有与文峪岩体相似的成金潜力,应加强在华山岩体周围的金矿找矿工作。     

胶东地区晚侏罗世玲珑期花岗岩

玲珑期花岗岩是胶北地区出露规模最大的中生代岩体,与胶东金矿在空间上关系密切,主要岩性有细粒混合岩化花岗岩、细粒二长花岗岩、中细粒二长花岗岩、中粒二长花岗岩、中粗粒二长花岗岩、含斑粗中粒二长花岗岩及花岗伟晶岩,含特征矿物石榴石,暗色矿物黑云母以铁质黑云母为主,少量镁质黑云母,为一套弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩系的铁质花岗岩,具有富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba及高场强元素U,亏损Nb、P、Ti等元素,富集Zr、Hf元素,Sr元素多数正异常等特征,形成时代为146～166Ma,属于晚侏罗世。该期花岗岩为地壳重熔型花岗岩,具有复杂的物源组成,以新太古代胶东岩群及TTG质岩石、古元古代变质地层为主,同时苏鲁造山带新元古代花岗质片麻岩及晚三叠世同造山岩石也有参与。玲珑期花岗岩的形成与华北板块与扬子板块陆陆碰撞造山密切相关,是地壳持续增厚,中下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

西秦岭造山带早中生代花岗岩成分多样性及形成机制

花岗质岩体产状及组成上的差异主要受控于源区性质和岩浆过程。以西秦岭造山带内几个代表性早中生代花岗岩为例,简要介绍其形成中所记录的岩浆过程,探讨花岗岩成分多样性的原因。西秦岭造山带内S型花岗岩是变泥质岩部分熔融的产物;根据地球化学特征可分为两类,即高Sr含量、低Rb/Sr值和稀土元素总含量的Group A,及低Sr含量、高Rb/Sr值和稀土元素总含量的Group B,其分别可由白云母水致熔融和脱水熔融形成。糜署岭岩体的暗色微粒包体中发育3类晶形和成分不同的锆石,其与寄主岩石的锆石具有一致的U-Pb年龄;其中,暗色微粒包体中的类型3锆石与寄主岩石中锆石具有一致的晶形和ε_Hf(t)值,捕获于寄主岩石,而类型1和类型2锆石具有较高的Th/U值和ε_Hf(t)值,结晶于混合程度不同的基性岩浆,其基性端元可能来自幔源岩浆;因此,糜署岭岩体的暗色微粒包体记录了壳-幔岩浆混合过程。中川岩体由形成时代没有明显差异的5个岩相呈同心环状产出;边部的似斑状花岗闪长岩被含斑中粒黑云母二长花岗岩侵入,中粒黑云母二长花岗岩被中粒电气石二云母花岗岩侵入,后者又被细粒黑云母二长...     

黑龙江省碾子山稀有稀土找矿远景分析

一、碾子山稀有稀土金属矿点特征 碾子山稀有稀土金属矿点位于齐齐哈尔市华安区北部碾子山一带。 （一）地质背景 碾子山岩体属于早白垩世侵入老龙头组地层的钠闪花岗岩小岩株。碾子山岩体面积达15平方千米。岩体分为两个相带：内部相为中粗粒钠闪花岗岩,边缘相为钠闪花岗岩。     

山东徂徕山区珂洛山_刘家山一带岩浆杂岩的岩石学和同位素地质年龄

山东徂徕山区珂洛山、刘家山一带岩浆杂岩分布广泛,按岩相学、地球化学等特征可划分为闪长质岩组和花岗质岩组两大系列。闪长质岩组中的细粒闪长岩与泰山地区的普照寺型闪长岩相当,中粗粒闪长岩与中天门花岗闪长岩一致,二者可能产生于长期亏损地慢源.花岗质岩组中的黑云二长花岗岩测得锆石U—Pb一致线年龄为2440±_(22)~(23)Ma,其岩石学和地球化学特征均与泰山地区的傲徕山花岗岩相当,系由变质岩地壳熔融而来的深成流体形成.徂徕山杂岩体和泰山杂岩体区域片麻理走向一致,共同组成鲁西绿岩——花岗岩地体。     

江西黄山铌(钽)矿床中铌钽矿物的矿物学特征及地质意义

江西葛源黄山铌(钽)矿位于赣杭构造带灵山花岗岩体的西侧,矿区内发育黑云母花岗岩、钠长石化花岗岩、萤石石英脉、伟晶岩４种岩性.通过详细的岩相学观察、铌钽矿物的电子探针化学组成、元素面扫描分析,揭示了黄山铌(钽)矿中铌钽的赋存状态及灵山岩体演化与铌钽富集过程的关系.研究结果表明,黄山铌(钽)矿中铌钽矿物主要为铌铁矿和铌铁金红石,铌铁矿交代了早期形成的铌铁金红石,期间发生了如下置换关系:３Ti４＋ →２(Nb５＋ ＋Ta
５＋ )＋Fe２＋ .黄山铌(钽)矿主要富 Nb,与松树岗铌钽矿相比,含矿岩体中 F、Li的质量分数较低.F可以降低固相线温度,延长岩浆结晶分异的时间,增加岩浆的结晶分异程度.Li会增加 Nb、Ta的溶解度,但是对Ta的效果更明显.因此,黄山铌(钽)矿的岩浆演化程度低于松树岗铌钽矿,后期岩浆—热液演化阶段的流体作用较弱,导致黄山铌(钽)矿以富 Nb为主.      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

Plate subduction,oxygen fugacity,and mineralization

Plate subduction is the largest natural factory that processes elements, which controls recycling and mineralization of a variety of elements. There are three major ore deposit belts in the world: the circumPaci?c, the central Asian, and the Tethys belts. All the three belts are closely associated with plate subductions, the mechanism remains obscure. We approached this problem from systematic studies on the behaviours of elements during geologic processes. This contribution summaries the recent progress of our research group. Our results suggest that porphyry Cu deposits form through partial melting of subducted young oceanic crust under oxygen fugacities higher than ? FMQ ～+1.5, which is promoted after the elevation of atmospheric oxygen at ca. 550 Ma. Tin deposits are associated with reducing magmatic rocks formed as a consequence of slab rollback. The Neo-Tethys tectonic regime hosts more than 60% of the world's total Sn reserves. This is due to the reducing environment formed during the subduction of organic rich sediments. For the same reason, porphyry Cu deposits formed in the late stages during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Tungsten deposits are also controlled by slab rollback, but is not so sensitive to oxygen fugacity. Subduction related W/Sn deposits are mostly accompanied by abundant accessory ?uorites due to the breakdown of phengite and apatite. Decomposition of phengite is also signi?cant for hard rock lithium deposits, whereas orogenic belt resulted from plate subduction promote the formation of Li brine deposits. Cretaceous red bed basins near the Nanling region are favorable for Li brines. Both Mo and Re are enriched in the oxidationreduction cycle during surface processes, and may get further enriched once Mo-, Re-enriched sediments are subducted and involved in magmatism. During plate subduction, Mo and Re fractionate from each other. Molybdenum is mainly hosted in porphyry Mo deposits and to a less extent, porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas Re is predominantly hosted in porphyry Cu-Mo deposits and sedimentary sul?de deposits.