张力腿平台及其基础设计

海洋工程油气开发逐步向深海域进军,资料表明２１世纪深海的石渍、天然气将是主要能源这一。目前主要的深海石油平台形式是张力腿平台,其结构一般由平台本体、张力腿系统和基础系统三部分组成。基础部分不但承受着结构上部及海底的各种载荷,而且为结构提供必要的稳定性和安全性。本文通过对当今世界已建成投产的９座深海张力腿平台及其基础形式进行分析,剖析它们的基础设计思想,为我国深海张力腿平台的设计提供参考。     

张力腿式浮式风机耦合动力响应理论模型与数值实现

针对张力腿结构动力响应特点,提出一套张力腿式浮式风机动力耦合理论模型,编制计算程序,并通过与实验结果的对比,验证理论模型以及程序的适用性。张力腿式系泊系统稳定性好,但张力载荷随平台位移的变化显著;张力腿结构的动态响应与支撑平台和风机系统动态响应存在显著的耦合作用。针对张力腿浮式风机动力耦合特性,采用谱方法对张力腿结构建立耦合动力模型;考虑细长体在波浪中受到的粘性力,通过哈密顿原理推导出张力腿运动控制方程,利用自主开发的计算程序DARwind和数值计算方法求解系统动态响应。最后,将数值计算结果同UMAINE的试验数据进行对比分析,以验证程序的合理性。     

深海半潜浮式生产平台关键理论与技术问题

深海半潜浮式生产平台FPU(floating production unit)是国际海洋油气资源开发的关键基础性装备。针对半潜浮式生产平台的技术特点,系统阐述其各方面特性(包括:总布置、系泊和立管、水动力性能、结构设计与分析等)及相关研究现状和未来发展趋势。并结合我国南海地理、水文和资源环境等特点,对未来半潜浮式生产平台的开发提出了一些建议。     

不同结构形式张力腿平台水动力参数比较分析

随着张力腿平台(TLP)在深海油气开发领域的广泛应用,在早期传统式(C-TLP)的基础上衍生出了多种结构形式,其中还有延展式(E-TLP)、最小化深海水面式(MOSES)和海之星式(SeaStar)已具备业界建造运营经验。为了体现TLP各类结构形式的性能特点,服务于工程开发方案中平台构型选择,本文基于三维势流理论频域方法,针对现已建造的4种TLP的水动力性能及相关参数进行了对比研究。首先,在质量惯性、结构刚度相似的条件下,完成了各类型平台的主尺度方案;其次,采用SESAM软件分析计算了各方案设计平台的附加质量、势流阻尼和运动响应幅值算子(RAO);最后的结果对比表明,不同结构形式对张力腿平台的固有周期影响很大,分散立柱形式的C-TLP与E-TLP的垂向运动响应更小。     

张力腿平台水动力参数计算

张力腿平台作为一种深水平台 ,其半顺应半固定的运动特征 ,成为在复杂的深海海洋环境中进行海洋石油勘探、开采一种重要结构型式。在张力腿平台波浪载荷的计算中根据产生波动流场的因素不同将波浪载荷分为绕射效应和辐射效应。本文对辐射效应深入研究并以附加质量、附加阻尼等水动力参数的形式计算了辐射效应对张力腿平台的载荷影响。在计算水动力参数时将平台简化为浮式直立柱群 ,采用势流理论 ,引进改进平面波法计入柱体间水动力相互作用得到辐射波速度势的半解析解 ,引入大间距假设、通过非平面波修正 ,精确地求解了柱群的辐射波的载荷作用     

通讯浮标蜂窝集装式传输平台技术

从国家安全、海洋开发、监测平台的发展需求方面,阐述了深海监测平台对深海环境监测的意义,以及国内外的发展现状,提出了一种新型的深海监测平台,即深海通讯浮标蜂窝集装式传输平台,概述了该平台系统工作过程,并对其结构、功能,以及各组成系统的作用进行了详细的论述。     

深水油气田开发工程中的基础应用探讨

在对国内外深水油气田开发中的张力腿平台（TLP）、深水柱筒平台（SPAR）、半潜式生产平台、浮式生产储油卸油装置（FPSO）和水下生产系统（SBS）所采用的基础型式进行较详细调研的基础上,讨论了常见的基础型式的特点,考虑其实际应用情况并结合我国南海深水油气开发中可能采用的工程开发模式,探讨我国深水油气田开发适用的基础型式,为我国深水油气田工程设施及基础的前期研究和工程设计提供参考。     

冲击荷载作用下新型延展式张力腿平台时域分析

延展式张力腿平台是一种适用于深水油气开采的海洋平台结构。提出一种新型平台由四个立柱和一个环形浮箱连接而成,环形浮箱是由四个箱型梁焊接而成。根据给出的南海海域的海况条件和相应的规范计算结构的环境载荷,运用SESAM软件Deep C模块,考虑风、浪、流等环境荷载的作用和张力腿系统的非线性影响,进行了时域耦合分析,得到了平台的运动位移时程、张力腿系统张力时程和张力极值等。模拟波浪破碎作为冲击载荷,得到张力腿平台在冲击荷载作用下的运动位移时程、张力腿系统的张力时程。研究结果表明:该新型平台具有良好的运动响应,张力筋腱应力满足安全要求;在冲击载荷作用下新型平台的运动响应也满足要求。     

畸形波作用下半潜浮式风机系泊失效停机响应分析

半潜浮式风机逐渐在深海风电开发中受到关注,建立风机、平台与系泊结构耦合数值计算模型,通过FAST与AQWA链接进行风机塔基荷载及平台运动响应相互耦合传递,基于随机波与极限波组合模型生成畸形波时程序列,进行半潜浮式风机系泊失效全过程时域模拟计算分析,得出系泊锚链张力、风机、塔筒和平台运动时程响应,探究系泊失效、风机停机和叶片变桨速率对浮式风机平台系泊结构动力响应的影响。结果表明：畸形波作用下浮式平台和系泊结构动力响应显著,系泊失效导致塔基剪力增加,平台纵荡和纵摇运动响应显著增大;风机停机会引起系泊锚链张力显著减小,转子推力、塔基剪力和叶尖挥舞位移响应逐渐衰减,平台纵荡、纵摇和横摇运动响应显著减小;随着叶片变桨速率增加,风机转子推力和塔基剪力波动幅值增大。     

基于深度学习的随船波浪测量技术研究

深海极端波浪环境为浮式海洋平台作业时最为关键的海洋动力环境之一。在其作用下,深海浮式平台的运动、气隙以及结构响应等均为近年来的研究热点。然而,在深海环境中,入射波浪环境往往通过X波段雷达进行测量,仅能获得波浪的短时统计值,极大限制了实海域浮动平台动力响应的研究。目前,尚无成熟的方法能够对海洋浮式平台所处海域的入射波时序进行实时测量。针对深远海半潜式平台的波浪时序随船测量问题,结合平台气隙响应与运动响应数据建立基于深层神经网络的波浪非线性解耦模型,准确估计辐射、绕射波浪以及其非线性成分对时序波浪场的影响。研究显示,基于深度神经网络的波浪时序测量技术可以实现从气隙响应到入射波信息的反推,利用该方法计算得到的波浪时序具有较高的精度。     

Application of Tension Leg Platform Combined with Other Systems in the Development of China Deepwater Oil Fields

1 .IntroductionAfter enteringthe twenty-first century,offshore oil field development in China is rapidly expand-inginto deepwater (Zeng,2005 ;Liu and Pan,2002) .The conventional fixed platformmodels cannotsatisfythe requirement of newfield development .Floatingsystems ,suchastensionleg platform(TLP)or Spar ,will be neededfor oil field development .FPSOhas been usedfor offshore oil field development in China since 1980’s (Xu and Li ,2002 ;Chen and Qian,1999 ; Chen,2003) .Since early 19…     

Coupled analysis of floating production systems

Fully coupled global analysis of Floating Production Systems, including the vessel, the mooring system and the riser system is described. Design of the system can be a daunting task, involving more than 1000 load cases for global analysis. The primary driver for the mooring system and for the riser system is motion of the vessel. Vessel motions are driven by environmental forces, but are restrained by forces from the mooring and riser systems. Numerical models and procedures that provide accurate and efficient global modeling of the Floating Production System are presented. Both Time Domain and Frequency Domain procedures are included. The accuracy and efficiency of the procedures are illustrated in an example: a large semi with 16 mooring lines and 20 risers. The procedures provide the accuracy and efficiency for use of fully coupled analysis in design of Floating Production Systems from concept selection to final design, installation and operation.     

Numerical evaluation of a subsea equipment installation method designed to avoid resonant responses

Several methods have been employed to install the different types of subsea equipment that are required for offshore oil and gas production systems. More recently, the increasing development of oil fields at remote, ultra-deepwater scenarios has been requiring heavier and more complex subsea equipment. In such scenarios the usual installation methods have been facing increasing challenges, including resonance effects associated to the dynamic behavior of the cable-equipment system. In this context, after presenting a review of the state-of-the-art of installation methods for subsea equipment, this work presents a methodology for the design and evaluation of an installation method based on the combination of steel wire and polyester ropes. The goal is to obtain a feasible and safe installation method that can avoid resonance effects along all phases of the lowering procedure, without the need of specialized devices such as heave compensators, and using only simpler installation vessels such as standard tugboats instead of more expensive and specialized vessels (such as drilling rigs). The method is evaluated by numerical simulations for case studies considering representative metocean data for Brazilian ultra-deepwater scenarios, following a methodology that considers the random characteristic of actual sea states by employing an irregular spectral representation. The results indicate that the method may indeed be feasible for the deepwater installation of heavier equipment, potentially being more cost-effective especially for remote locations where other more complex methods might become inefficient.     

Coupling Effect of Riser on Integrated FPS in Deepwater Area

The main challenge in predicting global responses of floating vessels in deepwater and ultra-deepwater areas comes from the system's coupled effect.In this paper,the coupled approach is used to analyze effects of riser on floating system in deepwater.The analysis results show that the coupling effects of risers will mainly affect the low frequency (LF) motions of the system.That is because risers will provide the system with a significant low frequency (LF) damping which will vary with the sea states.Under ...     

FPSO水动力研究与进展

浮式生产储油轮(FPSO)是当今海洋石油天然气开发的主流工程设施。就目前国际上最为关注的FPSO水动力问题,包括深水FPSO与系泊、立管系统的耦合水动力预报、甲板上浪、FPSO与穿梭油轮组成的多浮体系统水动力、横摇运动与减摇措施、单点系泊FPSO的运动稳定性等进行了阐述,介绍了我国在浅水FPSO水动力问题上的研究进展,提出加强相关研究的建议。     

深水海底管道J型铺设塔设计研究

随着全球深水油气资源的开发,J型铺管法已经成为深水和超深水海底管道铺设的重要方式。针对目标母船提出两种J型铺管塔的概念设计方案,并进行了铺管效率及经济性的对比分析,进一步对J型铺管关键设备进行了结构设计及安全性分析。此项工作对促进我国J型铺设系统的开发有积极地推动作用。     

A parametric design study for a semi/SCR system in Northern North Sea

In recent years, offshore reservoirs have been developed in deeper and deeper water environments. Steel catenary risers (SCRs) are being considered in deepwater development such as Northern North Sea. SCRs used in conjunction with a semi-submersible or floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) in deepwater harsh environments present significant design challenges. The large vertical motions at the semi or FPSO induce severe riser response, which results in difficulty meeting strength and fatigue criteria at the hang off and touch down point locations. To improve the understanding of SCR behaviour and increase the confidence in the design of such systems in deepwater harsh environments, a parametric study on a SCR connected to a semi-submersible was carried out in this paper to deal with the factors that mainly influence the loading condition and fatigue life of the riser. Weight-optimized configurations were applied during the course of riser design. Riflex combined with DeepC was the primary analysis tool used for the long-term response of the nonlinear SCR structure simulations, which requires a large amount of computer time. Hence, the parameters affecting the efficiency and accuracy of the simulations have also been studied during the analysis process.     

基于水动力性能的TLP结构选型研究

为了解决四种典型结构型式的张力腿平台在中国南海荔湾气田极端海况条件下的选型问题,采用新的相似原则以保证平台的设计拥有相同的相似条件。这些相似条件确保了四种平台具有相似的水动力性能和系泊性能。考虑平台和系泊系统包括顶张紧式立管(TTRs)、钢悬链式立管(SCRs)及筋腱之间的耦合效应,运用动态时域耦合分析方法计算得到平台的动力响应,并通过对比不同结构型式的平台在作业、极限及生存工况下的运动响应以得到最优水动力性能平台。文中还分别对四种张力腿平台的动态响应、筋腱受力、气隙分析和动晕环境条件进行对比分析,分析结果为实际工程提供参考。     

国内外深水区油气勘探新进展

深水区油气资源丰富，近年来深水油气勘探不断升温。在全球6大洲18个深水盆地中已发现约580亿桶油当量的油气资源。目前，巴西、美国墨西哥湾的深水油气田已经投入生产，而且产量不断增加，西非地区也已进入开发阶段，西北欧、地中海以及亚太地区的许多国家也都在积极开展深水油气勘探或开发。海上油气钻探不断向深水区和超深水区发展，探井数目也在继续增加，投资力度不断加强，储量每年也有很大的增长。深水油气勘探成功率平均达到30％，其中，西非的勘探成功率最高。深水区烃源岩生烃潜力较好，最好的烃源岩主要分布于侏罗系、白垩系和第三系的地层中，储层以浊积岩储层为主，盖层通常比较发育，大多数圈闭都与地层因素有关。我国南海北部陆坡深水区盆地属准被动边缘盆地，从烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭到运聚条件等都具备了形成大型油气田的基本地质条件，具有丰富的资源前景。     

Optimum design and global analysis of flexible jumper for an innovative subsurface production system in ultra-deep water

The study focuses on the flexible jumper issue of Subsurface Tension Leg Production （STLP） system concept, which is considered as a competing alternative system to support well completion devices and rigid risers in ultra-deep water for offshore petroleum production. The paper presents analytical and numerical approaches for the optimum design and global analysis of the flexible jumper. Criteria using catenary concept are developed to define the critical length for optimum design. Based on the criteria, detailed hydrodynamic analyses including quasi-static analysis, modal analysis, and dynamic analysis are performed. Modal analysis with respect to the quasi-static analysis shows that the existence of resonant modes requires special consideration. The results of dynamic analysis confirm the effectiveness of the de-coupled effect from the jumper on STLP system. The approaches developed in the study also have wide application prospect in reference to the optimum design and analysis of any Hybrid Riser （HR） concept.