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1.
锆石特征较好地记录了形成环境,可以指示其成因类型,反演寄主岩石岩浆的演化过程。本文利用阴极发光和LA-ICPMS技术获得了江西大岭上钨矿区花岗斑岩锆石的阴极发光图像、微量元素数据。研究表明该花岗斑岩中的锆石包括无核燕山期岩浆锆石、继承锆石和被捕获锆石。无核锆石阴极发光图像暗黑,Th/U<0.1,LREE/HREE比值高,Ce弱正异常,平均锆石Ti温度计地质温度为872℃,兼具岩浆锆石和热液锆石的特征,为形成于伟晶岩阶段之前的富含热液的岩浆晚期阶段的岩浆锆石。捕获锆石整体具灰白阴极发光,其裂隙中见暗黑阴极发光,Th/U>0.4,LREE/HREE值低,Ce正异常,锆石Ti温度计地质温度为766℃,为典型的岩浆锆石。继承锆石的核具有灰白色阴极发光,其边缘阴极发光暗黑,锆石微量元素特征值介于前两类锆石之间,其核部为形成于燕山期之前的岩浆锆石,其边部为与无核锆石同时形成的锆石边。区域上形成于燕山期之前的岩浆岩仅有晋宁期花岗闪长岩,因此捕获锆石和继承锆石核可能来源于晋宁期花岗闪长岩。晋宁期花岗闪长岩可能是黑云母花岗斑岩的一种源岩。无核锆石特征说明,该类锆石结晶时,寄主岩石岩浆处于富含高温热液、压力降低的环境中,岩浆演化处于伟晶岩阶段之前的岩浆晚期阶段。该阶段的这种富含热液的岩浆具有很强的金属运载能力,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
2.
包括辽东半岛在内的华北克拉通北缘早白垩世早期岩浆活动极其稀少,研究程度较低,导致该时期的地质背景限定缺乏直接证据.对辽东半岛三股流地区新发现的花岗伟晶岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石阴极发光(CL)成像技术、锆石微量元素、全岩地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素等方面的研究,以期为研究区早白垩世早期构造背景提供制约.花岗伟晶岩锆石阴极发光微弱甚至不发光,大多数锆石内部结构为斑杂状分带或海绵状分带,少见岩浆震荡环带,Th/U < 0.1,其锆石稀土元素特征也与岩浆锆石明显不同,显示出热液锆石特征.锆石U-Pb年代学结果表明花岗伟晶岩的形成年龄为144.3±2.7 Ma,属早白垩世早期.花岗伟晶岩以富Si、Al、碱,贫Fe、Mg,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,以及显示出一定的四分组效应为特征.其εHf(t)为-27.4~-24.7,二阶段模式年龄为2.91~2.74 Ga,与五龙中晚侏罗世花岗岩Hf同位素组成相类似.综合以上研究,认为三股流花岗伟晶岩经历了较高程度的分异结晶,与五龙中晚侏罗世花岗岩存在成因联系,其成岩介质为富含热液的岩浆-热液共存体系.辽东半岛早白垩世早期岩浆活动形成于伸展背景,该伸展背景可能与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋后碰撞伸展和太平洋俯冲相关. 相似文献
3.
东昆仑山脉晚志留世-早侏罗世花岗类岩石中锆石微量元素地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了更深入的认识东昆仑山脉岩浆作用和构造演化历史,本文采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)方法对东昆仑山脉中部和东部不同时代的花岗类岩石中锆石进行了系统的微量元素分析。东昆仑山脉晚志留世二长花岗岩和晚二叠世、晚三叠世、早侏罗世花岗岩中绝大多数锆石Th/U0.5,锆石的球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线均为HREE相对于MREE和LREE富集,并且具有Ce正异常和Eu负异常,为典型的岩浆锆石。晚志留世二长花岗岩和晚二叠世、晚三叠世花岗岩锆石具有低的Ce正异常,高的Eu负异常;早侏罗世花岗岩锆石则具有高的Ce正异常,高Nb、Ta含量,低Eu负异常;晚二叠世花岗岩锆石还具有高∑REE、Y、Th、U含量;而晚三叠世花岗岩锆石则在所有样品中具有最高的Hf含量,是演化程度高的岩浆产物。除此之外,晚志留世、晚二叠世、晚三叠世和早侏罗世样品中部分锆石呈现LREE富集,说明它们在岩浆晚期可能遭受LREE富集热液的改造。根据锆石Ti温度计,计算出所有样品的结晶温度小于800℃,说明它们很有可能形成于富集流体的俯冲带环境。结合前人研究资料和所分析锆石的U-Pb年龄数据,对东昆仑山脉中古-中生代多期的构造-岩浆事件提供了新的约束:(1)晚志留世二长花岗岩的形成可能与一个小型洋盆的俯冲作用有关,其岩浆源区是地壳浅部的沉积基底;(2)晚二叠世花岗岩可能是在古特提斯洋向北俯冲过程中由于幔源岩浆使浅层地壳发生熔融形成;(3)晚三叠世-早侏罗世花岗岩在羌塘和昆仑-柴达木同碰撞过程形成。 相似文献
4.
不同成因锆石阴极发光及微量元素特征:以新疆阿尔泰地区花岗岩和伟晶岩为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
新疆阿勒泰可可托海地区出露大量花岗岩和伟晶岩脉,利用阴极发光显微照相(CL)、电子探针背散射(BSE)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS),观察和分析岩石中锆石的内部结构、稀土元素及Th,U含量后结果表明:该区花岗岩锆石具振荡环带和强烈的阴极发光特征,Th/U比值较高(Th/U=0.16~0.99),轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集,具较大的Ce正异常,为典型岩浆成因锆石。伟晶岩(KP-08-11)锆石为热液锆石,不具振荡环带和阴极发光,具低的Th/U比值(0.01~0.13),强烈富集稀土元素,尤其是轻稀土元素较花岗岩锆石高一个数量级,Ce的正异常相对较低。伟晶岩(KP3-08-1)锆石为变质重结晶锆石,Th/U比值分布范围较广(0.01~0.78),强烈亏损稀土元素,稀土元素配分模式存在显著的"REE四分组效应"。微量元素特征表明,伟晶岩(KP-08-11)锆石可能结晶自富U贫Th的残余岩浆流体,而伟晶岩(KP3-08-1)的锆石经历了蜕晶质化和变质重结晶作用,但依然保持了共存伟晶岩熔体的微量元素特征。 相似文献
5.
锆石是岩石中常见的副矿物,锆石晶体结构和地球化学特征的变化可以记录热液蚀变过程。东秦岭东段白草垛花岗伟晶岩中识别出三种类型锆石。类型一锆石具有明显的振荡环带,部分锆石边部有少量裂隙,微量元素含量相对较低,重稀土元素(HREE)富集,具明显Ce的正异常和Eu的负异常,指示其为岩浆锆石。类型二锆石具核-幔-边结构,边部裂隙发育,核部与类型一锆石具有相似的CL和微量元素特征,为岩浆锆石;幔部呈深色海绵状,内部结构不均匀,偶见环带锆石残留,微量元素含量较高,具有较高的U和Th含量,Ce异常不明显,具热液锆石特征,为热液沿着裂隙进入锆石内部不完全热液改造的结果。类型三锆石的结构特征和微量元素含量与类型二锆石的幔部相似,具有异常高U和Th含量以及较高的Dα值,为类型二锆石近完全热液改造的结果。花岗伟晶岩作为岩浆演化晚期的产物,经过结晶分异,残留的岩浆热液富集微量元素,岩浆热液沿着锆石的裂隙进入晶体内部对锆石经过不同程度热液改造,形成了花岗伟晶岩中不同类型的锆石。 相似文献
6.
蚌埠淮光“混合花岗闪长岩”的形成时代及源区:锆石SHRIMP U-Pb地质年代学证据 总被引:34,自引:1,他引:34
对蚌埠淮光花岗闪长岩的岩相学和锆石阴极发光图象研究表明,淮光"混合花岗闪长岩"为岩浆结晶作用的产物,岩石形成后受到了应力作用的改造.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果和岩浆锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄显示淮光花岗闪长岩形成于130.0±2.0 Ma;大多数继承锆石的年龄集中在1 800~1 900 Ma、2 300~2 517 Ma和3 443 Ma,这意味着淮光花岗闪长岩的母岩浆起源于华北地块基底的部分熔融.早白垩世(130 Ma左右)的岩浆作用是引起继承锆石和碎屑锆石Pb丢失的重要原因,同时也是华北地块东部岩石圈减薄的最重要时期.130 Ma左右的岩浆作用和岩石圈减薄应与太平洋板块的俯冲相联系. 相似文献
7.
滇西梁河三叠纪花岗岩的锆石微量元素、U-Pb和Hf同位素组成 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在详细的区域地质调查基础上,分析了滇西梁河三叠纪花岗岩中锆石微区微量元素、U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素。花岗岩中大部分锆石具有振荡环带,为典型岩浆锆石,并发现独特的双核结构锆石,具有核幔边结构,双核锆石继承核与本文岩浆锆石有类似的微量元素特征,而双核锆石增生边(低轻稀土、轻微负Ce异常、高重稀土、低Th、高U、Ti、P)与它们不同。注意到双核锆石外围有一圈灰白色热液蚀变边,认为双核锆石增生边的微量元素特征可能是自身结晶生长过程和后期蚀变影响的综合结果,继承核和增生边同为岩浆成因。双核锆石继承核的206Pb/238U年龄分别为302.5±2.9Ma和289.9±2.5Ma,双核锆石增生边和其他岩浆锆石的206Pb/238U加全平均年龄为213.1±1.7Ma(MSWD=7.7),晚三叠世花岗岩的锆石具有负的εHf(213Ma)值(-9.6~-6.7),并且其tDM2Hf值(1.6~1.8Ga)远大于其结晶年龄,结合大地构造演化,认为花岗岩的形成可能与后碰撞伸展背景下古老地壳熔融相关。 相似文献
8.
杜荒岭金矿床是中国东北部吉林省延吉地区典型的浅成热液高硫化型金矿床之一,矿区内发育大量早白垩世火成岩。为了更深入地认识杜荒岭金矿床的岩浆作用、岩浆起源及成矿条件,本文在已有研究基础上对矿区内含矿的石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石进行了微量元素测试。结果显示,绝大多数锆石Th/U值>0.1,锆石的球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线呈左倾配分型式,强烈富集重稀土元素、亏损轻稀土元素,并存在不同程度的Ce正异常与Eu负异常;研究对象为典型岩浆锆石,结晶温度主要介于700~900℃之间。研究认为含矿岩石起源于下地壳部分熔融,形成于板块俯冲的弧构造环境。此外,成矿岩体花岗闪长斑岩锆石相比成矿前岩石具有较高的Ce4+/Ce3+值和较低的结晶温度,指示花岗闪长斑岩岩浆具有高氧逸度和含水量,即高成矿潜力。而岩浆氧逸度和含水量的差异可能是石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩未成矿的原因。 相似文献
9.
东昆仑金水口花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
金水口岩体出露于东昆仑北坡,岩性主要为含石榴子石的过铝花岗岩和不含石榴子石的二长花岗岩及花岗闪长岩。自该岩体从金水口群解体以来,其形成时代一直制约着该地区构造演化的恢复。对锆石内部结构、阴极发光图像特征和Th/U比值的研究表明,金水口岩体中锆石主要为岩浆锆石,个别含有残留锆石核。锆石U-Pb同位素LA-ICPMS和SHRIMP原位分析结果显示,金水口电站周围的石榴堇青花岗岩及黑云母花岗闪长岩形成年龄分别为(411±17)Ma和(396±18)Ma,说明金水口岩体为早泥盆世的花岗质侵入体,是在早古生代末由柴达木地块基底富Si和Al的地壳物质重熔的产物。该套S型花岗岩记录了古元古代的两期源区物质信息(约1.63Ga和约1.78Ga),代表了东昆仑造山带早古生代末期的一期重要岩浆热事件。 相似文献
10.
辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩经历过两阶段演化,晚侏罗世发育了围绕核部医巫闾山岩体周缘展布的长环形韧性剪切带(称为医巫闾山剪切带),早白垩世西侧叠加了北北东走向瓦子峪伸展韧性剪切带。在医巫闾山剪切带及其变形下盘中侵入了大量的晚侏罗世花岗岩脉,其所含的锆石包括古老继承锆石、新生岩浆锆石、热液锆石等多种类型。根据锆石阴极发光图像、稀土元素配分曲线以及U、Th、Pb含量等特征,判别出热液锆石存在3种成因类型,包括流体的溶解—再沉淀、富Zr热液的直接结晶及流体的交代改造。它们共同具有高U、P、Y、Nb、Hf、Ta含量与低Th/U比值特征,前两种热液锆石还强烈富集稀土元素,其球粒陨石标准化配分曲线平坦。而第3类热液锆石具有亏损LREE、强烈富集HREE的特征,其配分曲线高度倾斜,不但有别于岩浆锆石与前两类热液锆石,也与前人对此类锆石的认识不一致。分析结果显示,高普通铅含量的热液锆石无法获得合理年龄,而大多数极低普通铅含量热液锆石则给出147 Ma左右的可靠年龄,略晚于岩脉的侵位时间(155~147 Ma),有效地记录了区内晚侏罗世构造—岩浆事件的阶段。 相似文献
11.
利用GC-MS(气相色谱—质谱仪),对采自湖北清江流域和尚洞洞顶的土壤样品与洞内石笋样品进行分析,发现土壤中存在的七个系列单甲基支链烷烃在所有的石笋样品中均可以找到,呈现相似的分布模式,石笋中七个系列支链烷烃有可能来自洞穴滴水携带的土壤中的支链烷烃,但是也不能排除石笋原地生长的微生物的贡献。烷基环己烷的分布在土壤与石笋中呈现了相似的分布模式,但是主峰碳数有所变化,高碳数部分与低碳数部分的相对含量也发生了变化。主要原因可能是微生物选择性降解的结果,也有可能是土壤与石笋中微生物种类分布差异所造成的。本次研究初步显示了相对封闭稳定的洞穴沉积物与上覆土壤层中生物标志化合物的异同。 相似文献
12.
At 31 sites in Finland the Zn content was determined of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. growing on pine and birch, the terricolous lichen Cladina spp. in pine bark, and the inner part of birch bark. The anomalous contents of Zn in H. physodes on pine and Cladina spp. in soil appeared to be strongly related to sulphide ore deposits. Anthropogenic Zn correlated closely with S and Fe in H. physodes on pine and with Fe in Cladina spp. The binding of geogenic Zn was related to iron hydroxides, and was attributed to the different uptake mechanism of S in these lichens. Elevated values of Zn in H. physodes on birch were due to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Zinc in pine bark increased with the Zn content in H. physodes and reached a limiting value. 相似文献
13.
There are few inter-African country urban analyses because of the continent’s enormous size and socioeconomic diversity, language barriers, and wide variations in national and regional urban research capacity. Nevertheless, comparative urban studies are critical in understanding contemporary African urbanization. In this comparative spatial and temporal analysis of Ghana and Kenya’s urbanization, we find that both countries are urbanizing rapidly and are faced with many common urban problems. Moreover, Ghana is more urbanized than Kenya and has a larger indigenous urban imprint and a more widely dispersed urban pattern. Besides their physiographic and population conditions, we trace these countries’ convergent and divergent urban trends to their shared but unique experiences of colonialism, nationalism and globalization. 相似文献
14.
Friedemann Freund 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1987,15(1):1-18
The dissolution of H2O and CO2 in structurally dense, nominally anhydrous and non-carbonate oxide matrices such as MgO and CaO is reviewed. H2O and CO2 are treated as gaseous oxide components which enter into solid solution with the refractory oxide hosts. They form anion complexes associated with cation vacancy sites. Evidence is presented that OH? pairs which derive from the dissolution of H2O are subject to a charge transfer (CT) conversion into peroxy moieties and molecular hydrogen, O 2 2? ... H2. Because the O 2 2? moiety is small (O?-O? distance ≈ 1.5 Å) high pressure probably favors the CT conversion. Mass spectroscopic studies show that molecular H2 may be lost from the solid which retains excess oxygen in the form of O 2 2? , leading to the release of atomic O. The dissociation of O 2 2? moieties into a vacancy-bound O? state and an unbound O? state can be followed by measuring the internal redox reactions involving transition metal impurities, the transient paramagnetism of the O? and their effect on the d.c. conductivity. Evidence is presented that CO2 molecules dissolve dissociatively in the structurally dense oxide matrix, as if they were first to dissociate into CO+O and then to form separate solute moieties CO 2 2? and O 2 2? , both associated with cation vacancy sites. In the CO 2 2? moiety (C-O? distance 1.2–1.3 Å, OCO angle ≈ 130°) the C atom probably sits off center. The transition of the C atom into interstitial sites is accompanied by dissociation of the CO 2 2? moiety into CO? and O?. This transition can be followed by infrared spectroscopy, using OH? as local probes. Further support derives from magnetic susceptibility, thermal expansion, low frequency dielectric loss and low temperature deformation measurements. The recently observed emission of O and Mg atoms besides a variety of molecules such as CO, CO2, CH4, HCN and other hydrocarbons during impact fracture of MgO single crystals is presented and discussed in the light of the other experimental data. 相似文献
15.
Temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment load in the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers in Himalaya, India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers originate in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas (Garhwal) and result in high sediment yields causing flood hazards downstream of the Ganga River and high sediment flux to the Bay of Bengal. The rivers are perennial, since runoff in these rivers is controlled by both precipitation and glacial melt. In the present study, three locations in the upper reaches of the Ganga River were monitored for 1 yr (daily observations of, more than >1000 samples) for suspended sediment concentrations. In addition, more than one hundred samples were collected from various locations of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers at different periods to observe spatial and temporal variations in river suspensions. Further, multi-annual data (up to 40 yrs) of water flow and sediment concentrations were used for inferring the variations in water flow and sediment loads on longer time scales. In most previous studies of Himalayan Rivers, there has been a general lack of long term water flow and sediment load data. In the present study, we carried out high frequency sampling, considered long term discharge data and based on these information, discussed the temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment loads in the rivers in the Himalayan region. The results show that, >75% of annual sediment loads are transported during the monsoon season (June through September). The annual physical weathering rates in the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi River basins at Devprayag are estimated to be 863 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.25 mm yr−1) and 907 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.42 mm yr−1) respectively, which are far in excess of the global average of 156 tons km−2 yr−1 (0.58 mm yr−1). 相似文献
16.
Discovery of Cinnabar in Soils in Hg Anomalous Zones in City and Town Areas and Their Surroundings and Its Significance 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
ZHU Lixin MA Shengming WANG Zhifeng China University of Geosciences Beijing Institute of Geophysical Geochemical Exploration Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Langfang Hebei 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(2):286-290
As a result of systematic study on heavy minerals in soils at city and town areas and their surroundings,cinnabar was discovered for the first time in areas of Hg anomalies in China, and it was found that the distribution of cinnabar was basically coincident in scope with that of Hg anomalies, showing that Hg anomalies were‘closely related to cinnabar. This finding provides a theoretical basis for a verification of Hg anomalies in soils in city and town areas and their surroundings, as well as evaluation of its ecological effects, and is significant to revealing the occurrence modes and origin of Hg in soils. 相似文献
17.
以三原-阎良地区土壤为对象,研究了三原-阎良地区土壤中Se元素、pH值和有机质的含量及其分布,以及土壤中Se的主要赋存形态,发现当地拥有大面积的富Se土地资源;土壤基本属碱性、强碱性,有利于植物对土壤Se的吸收利用;土壤中丰富的有机质有利于土壤Se的富集;Se主要以有机结合态形式存在,可提供大量可溶性有机和无机Se为植物利用。通过对调查区主要农作物的研究,发现区内油菜、小麦、大蒜、白萝卜、玉米、芹菜的富Se食品达标率高达55%以上;农作物对土壤Se的富集能力为:油菜 >小麦 >大蒜 >玉米 >白萝卜 >白菜 >花白 >芹菜 >花椰菜;区内大部分农作物达到食品卫生标准。因此,调查区具有发展“天然、绿色、安全”的富Se农作物得天独厚的优势。 相似文献
18.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):382-390
Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper. 相似文献
19.
Using improved analytical techniques, which reduce the Re blanks by factors of 8 to 10, we report new Re-Os data on low Re and low PGE pallasites (PAL-anom) and IIIAB irons. The new pallasite samples nearly double the observed range in Re/Os for pallasites and allow the determination of an isochron of slope 0.0775 ± 0.0008 (T = 4.50 ± 0.04 Ga, using the adjusted λ187Re = 1.66 × 10−11 a−1) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09599 ± 0.00046. If the data on different groups of pallasites (including the “anomalous” pallasites) are considered to define a whole-rock isochron, their formation would appear to be distinctly younger than for the iron meteorites by ∼60 Ma. Five IIIAB irons (Acuna, Bella Roca, Chupaderos, Grant, and Bear Creek), with Re contents ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 ppb, show limited Re/Os fractionation and plot within errors on the IIAB iron meteorite isochron of slope 0.07848 ± 0.00018 (T = 4.56 ± 0.01 Ga) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09563 ± 0.00011. Many of the meteorites were analyzed also for Pd-Ag and show 107Ag enrichments correlated with Pd/Ag, requiring early formation and fractionation of the FeNi metal, in a narrow time interval, after injection of live 107Pd (t1/2 = 6.5 Ma) into the solar nebula. Based on Pd-Ag, the typical range in relative ages of these meteorites is ≤10 Ma. The Pd-Ag results suggest early formation and preservation of the 107Pd-107Ag systematics, both for IIIAB irons and for pallasites, while the younger Re-Os apparent age for pallasites suggests that the Re-Os system in pallasites was subject to re-equilibration. The low Re and low PGE pallasites show significant Re/Os fractionation (higher Re/Os) as the Re and PGE contents decrease. By contrast, the IIIAB irons show a restricted range in Re/Os, even for samples with extremely low Re and PGE contents. There is a good correlation of Re and Ir contents. The correlation of Re and Os contents for IIIAB irons shows a similar complex pattern as observed for IIAB irons (Morgan et al., 1995), and neither can be ascribed to a continuous fractional crystallization process with uniform solid-metal/liquid-metal distribution coefficients. 相似文献
20.
Trends in Analytical Developments and Earth Science Applications in LA-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS for 2004 and 2005 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paul J. Sylvester 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2006,30(3):197-207
This review of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry includes research that employed quadrupole instruments, and single-collector and multicollector magnetic sector field instruments. The most important trend in 2004–2005 was the growing appreciation that small matrix effects in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS need to be addressed in order to produce highly precise and accurate data by the method. The issue is most acute for isotope ratio measurements that require standard-sample-standard bracketing but can also be important for certain elemental analysis. Matrix-dependent elemental and isotopic fractionations were studied from the standpoint of laser-sample interactions and the behaviour of laser-generated particles in the ablation cell, transfer tubing and ICP torch. Innovations in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS involved signal smoothing, in torch laser ablation, on-line isotope dilution and molecular oxide monitoring. Other important research was carried out on the calibration and homogeneity of various reference materials; and the exploration of mature ( in situ U-Pb geochronology) and emerging (apatite fission-track chronometry, U-Th/He thermochronology, boron/strontium/uranium-series isotopic microanalysis) applications in the Earth sciences. 相似文献