The East European Platform in the late Ediacaran: new paleomagnetic and geochronological data

The paleogeography of the Earth, including the East European Platform, is very inaccurately defined for the interval 500–700 Ma. The quantity and quality of Late Precambrian–Cambrian paleomagnetic data on this platform are absolutely insufficient for reliable paleogeographical or paleotectonic reconstructions. Since there are almost no unstudied objects in the platform that could be used for paleomagnetic studies, it seems reasonable to consider the deformed platform margins. Of particular interest is the Bashkir anticlinorium (South Urals) with numerous Ediacaran sedimentary sections, some of which contain tuff beds suitable for isotope dating. We present paleomagnetic and geochronological data on the Upper Ediacaran Zigan Formation, sampled in the western part of the western limb of the Bashkir anticlinorium. The East European Platform must have been at near-equatorial latitudes at ～550 Ma.     

A New Late Middle Cambrian Paleomagnetic Pole for the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica

A paleomagnetic study of the late Middle to possibly early Late Cambrian Liberty Hills Formation in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, reveals a stable magnetization with positive fold and reversal tests. The paleopole is based on 16 sites from volcanic and sedimentary rocks and lies at lat 7.3 degrees N and long 326.3 degrees E (A95=6.0&j0;). The new paleomagnetic data support the view that the Ellsworth Mountains are part of a microplate-the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains crustal block-that rotated independently of the main Gondwana continental blocks during breakup. The Liberty Hills pole differs from both previous poles recovered from Cambrian rocks in the Ellsworth Mountains and from the available Gondwana reference pole data. Our pole indicates a more northerly prebreakup position for the Ellsworth Mountains than previously suggested, contradicting the overwhelming geologic evidence for a prebreakup position close to southern Africa. The reasons for this are uncertain, but we suggest that problems with the Gondwana apparent polar wander path may be important. More well constrained, early Paleozoic paleomagnetic data are required from the Ellsworth Mountains and the Gondwana continents if the data are to constrain further the Middle-Late Cambrian location of the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block.     

青藏高原羌塘盆地晚三叠世古地磁数据及其构造意义

羌塘盆地作为青藏高原主要的地体之一,其中生代的地质演化对于研究古特提斯洋关闭和冈瓦纳大陆解体都具有重要的指示意义。为查明羌塘盆地中生代的演化过程,在南、北羌塘坳陷上三叠统扎拉组和土门格拉组地层中共采集200余件砂岩样品进行古地磁对比研究。热退磁实验显示,大部分样品均含有两个磁组分,并揭示出一组高温特征剩磁分量,在95%置信度下通过正倒转检验和正褶皱检验,说明这组高温分量很可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁。南、北羌塘坳陷中样品的平均特征剩磁方向分别为D/I=28°/45.5°(a₉₅＝3.6°)和D/I=35.3°/46.5°(a₉₅＝4.0°);其相近的古地磁极和古纬度表明,南、北羌塘在晚三叠世已经属于一个统一的地块,并且具有北纬27°的古纬度。再结合前人研究成果发现,羌塘盆地晚古生代位于南半球中纬度地区,晚二叠世时已靠近赤道,并逐渐从冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解开来向北漂移。羌塘盆地与塔里木地块在晚三叠世实现了碰撞拼合;中白垩世时,又与拉萨地块完成了板块碰撞。至此,羌塘盆地与周缘各地块基本上完成了碰撞拼合。     

西藏波密地区晚古生代地层层序及盆地演化分析

西藏波密及邻区松宗、然乌一带，下石炭统诺错组与中上泥盆统松宗组之间的层序不整合界线是藏东南地区冈瓦纳北缘晚古生代盆地性质转变的重要界面。界线之下的松宗组为稳定的碳酸盐岩台地沉积；界线之上，以大规模的火山活动、盆地裂解为标志，伴随着沉积盆地的持续沉陷和相对海平面的上升，沉积了以石炭系诺错组和来姑组为代表的向上变深序列，相对海平面在晚石炭世达到了顶点，以来姑组上部的含铁质板岩和大套的浊积岩为标志。其后。以洛巴堆组为代表的晚石炭世末期—二叠纪的沉积记录，则代表了一个缓慢的向上变浅的沉积层序。在这个向上变深再变浅的沉积盆地演化过程中，火山活动呈现了明显的由强转弱的变化轨迹。中侏罗统马里组陆相红色磨拉石不整合堆积于下伏地层之上，表明本区在晚三叠世—早侏罗世经历了一次规模宏大的褶皱造山事件。     

内蒙古平庄─元宝山盆地群晚中生代地层

平庄─元宝山盆地的晚中生代地层可划分为下白垩统黑水组、元宝山组和杏园组，上侏罗统上那不打组与那不打组。杏园组和元宝山组中含有丰富的植物化石，属于ＲｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａＯｎｙｃｈｉｏｐｓｉｓ植物群的中部组合，可与邻区的主要含煤沉积的植物组合进行对比，时代属早白垩世Ｂｅｒｒｉａｓｉａｎ期至早Ａｐｔｉａｎ期。     

内蒙古平庄─元宝山盆地群晚中生代地层

平庄─元宝山盆地的晚中生代地层可划分为下白垩统黑水组、元宝山组和杏园组，上侏罗统上那不打组与那不打组。杏园组和元宝山组中含有丰富的植物化石，属于ＲｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａＯｎｙｃｈｉｏｐｓｉｓ植物群的中部组合，可与邻区的主要含煤沉积的植物组合进行对比，时代属早白垩世Ｂｅｒｒｉａｓｉａｎ期至早Ａｐｔｉａｎ期。     

Paleomagnetism of Middle Proterozoic mafic intrusions and Upper Proterozoic (Nankoweap) red beds from the Lower Grand Canyon Supergroup, Arizona

Paleomagnetic data from lavas and dikes of the Unkar igneous suite (16 sites) and sedimentary rocks of the Nankoweap Formation (7 sites), Grand Canyon Supergroup (GCSG), Arizona, provide two primary paleomagnetic poles for Laurentia for the latest Middle Proterozoic (ca. 1090 Ma) at 32°N, 185°E (dp=6.8°, DM=9.3°) and early Late Proterozoic (ca. 850–900 Ma) at 10°S, 163°E (dp=3.5°, DM=7.0°). A new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determination from an Unkar dike gives an interpreted intrusion age of about 1090 Ma, similar to previously reported geochronologic data for the Cardenas Basalts and associated intrusions. The paleomagnetic data show no evidence of any younger, middle Late Proterozoic tectonothermal event such as has been revealed in previous geochronologic studies of the Unkar igneous suite. The pole position for the Unkar Group Cardenas Basalts and related intrusions is in good agreement with other ca. 1100 Ma paleomagnetic poles from the Keweenawan midcontinent rift deposits and other SW Laurentia diabase intrusions. The close agreement in age and position of the Unkar intrusion (UI) pole with poles derived from rift related rocks from elsewhere in Laurentia indicates that mafic magmatism was essentially synchronous and widespread throughout Laurentia at ca. 1100 Ma, suggesting a large-scale continental magmatic event. The pole position for the Nankoweap Formation, which plots south of the Unkar mafic rocks, is consistent with a younger age of deposition, at about 900 to 850 Ma, than had previously been proposed. Consequently, the inferred 200 Ma difference in age between the Cardenas Basalts and overlying Nankoweap Formation provides evidence for a third major unconformity within the Grand Canyon sequence.     

新疆阿克苏地区新元古代沉积特征对裂谷发育过程的指示

阿克苏地区地处塔里木克拉通西北部的盆-山结合部位,新元古代地层齐全且发育前寒武纪蓝片岩,保留了新元古代从洋壳俯冲汇聚到陆壳拉张伸展过程的记录,是近年塔里木新元古界研究的热点及重点地区。但阿克苏地区新元古代地层层序和沉积体系的研究较为薄弱,构造对沉积充填的控制作用仍不清楚,由此也制约着对塔里木克拉通初期裂谷发育演化的认识。本文综合地层学、沉积学等多种研究手段,分析阿克苏地区新元古代地层展布及垂向发育特征,将多处实测剖面与钻井-地震剖面结合,构建了阿克苏地区新元古代地层发育序列及空间对比格架。明确了由裂陷控制的沉积相类型及演化：南华纪巧恩布拉克组先后发育冲积扇/扇三角洲、水下-冰川亚相（冰碛岩）及深水陆棚相;尤尔美那克组,早期以陆上-冰川沉积为主,晚期以冲积扇沉积为主;震旦纪苏盖特布拉克组由冲积扇过渡到辫状河三角洲和潮坪相;奇格布拉克组以碳酸盐岩台地沉积为主。通过盆-山构造结合沉积序列分析,确定新元古代经历了三个构造-沉积演化阶段：（1）局限深裂谷发育阶段（南华纪）,充填冲积扇/扇三角洲及深水陆棚相沉积,其中发育两期不同环境的冰川沉积;（2）裂谷扩张期（震旦纪早期）,火山活动强烈,发育冲积扇-辫状河三角洲、潮坪相沉积;（3）坳陷发育期（震旦纪晚期）,广盆浅海环境,发育碳酸盐岩台地。     

Paleomagnetic results from the Permian Rodez basin implications: the Late Variscan tectonics in the southern French Massif Central

A paleomagnetic study has been carried out on three sedimentary formations of the Permian Rodez basin in the southern France. Two of them yield paleomagnetic poles of Saxonian and Thuringian age showing counterclockwise rotation of moderate amplitude, during or after the Thuringian deposition. For the French Massif Central, contrary to its stable southern (Lodève basin) and eastern (Largentière basin) borders, on its southwestern border, in a large area including the Rodez, Saint-Affrique and perhaps Brive basins suffered rotations due to the extensional tectonics during the Late Variscan period.     

New paleomagnetic data on baltica based on upper ediacaran deposits on the western slope of the Middle Urals

The latest concepts about the Earth’s paleogeography for the period of 700–500 million years are quite contradictory. Reliable paleomagnetic data are quite scarce for the Ediacaran-Cambrian of the majority of continental plates, which means that making any reliable global paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstructions is impossible. According to various authors, Baltica within this time, for example, could have been located at any latitudes from the South Pole to the equator. Making correct reconstructions requires new paleomagnetic data; however, almost all objects that are applicable for such studies within Baltica have already been studied. A possible solution is to study the deformed margins of the plate, in particular, the western megazone of the Middle Urals, where the lower and upper Ediacaran volcanogenic-sedimentary and sedimentary sections are known within the Kvarkushsko-Kamennogorskii anticlinorium [1, 2] (Fig. 1). This paper presents the first paleomagnetic results obtained for the sedimentary rocks of the Upper Ediacaran Chernokamenskaya suite. They are consistent with the group of six poles of the same age [3–7], by which Baltica was located at the subequatorial latitudes at the end of the Educarian.     

冀西北晚侏罗世火山-沉积盆地的性质及构造环境

冀西北晚侏罗世髫髻山组和后城组火山岩的岩石学-地球化学分析结果揭示，晚侏罗世的火山岩主要为来自富集地幔的钾玄岩系列和部分壳源高钾酸性岩石组合。通过对髫髻山组之上的后城组的地层层序和沉积构造研究，认为这套河-湖相沉积形成在伸展背景下的断陷盆地之中，下部由粗粒冲积扇和辫状河体系组成，上部则为河湖相沉积物，并出现火山岩夹层，从而在总体上表现为一个向上变细的沉积层序。髫髻山组到后城组的层序反映出从断陷盆地到坳陷盆地的发展过程。此外，后城组形成后所发生的区域性挤压作用导致了这期伸展盆地的反转。     

皖南与湘西晚震旦世地层的划分与对比

<正> 中国南方晚震旦世地层,在斜坡—盆地相区,其上部有一套硅质岩,皖南称皮园村组,湘西及湘中称留茶坡组。长期以来,不少研究者都把这套硅质岩地层与灯影组对比,并以此来解释沉积环境及古地理。 笔者对浙西及皖南地区的晚震旦世地层进行了研究之后,曾对皮园村组的涵义作了修订,认为它仅相当于西峰寺组上段或灯影组上段(唐天福等,1981)。近几年来,笔者又     

The first magnetostratigraphic data on the stratotype of the Lopata Formation,Northeastern Yenisei Ridge: Problems of its age and paleogeography of the Siberian Platform at the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic boundary

New paleomagnetic and magnetostratigraphic data are presented for the stratotype of the Upper Riphean Lopata Formation (Teya River, Yenisei Ridge). The paleomagnetic pole calculated is significantly distinct from the Phanerozoic and Riphean poles of the Siberian Platform and is similar to the Late Vendian–Early Cambrian poles of the Madagascar Group. The stratigraphic range studied is characterized by an anomalously high frequency of geomagnetic inversions (15 zones of magnetic polarity), which is comparable with the inversion frequency of the Late Vendian sections of Baltica. These data, along with previous paleontological findings, indicate an age of the Lopata Formation of 555–540 Ma.     

宁夏卫宁盆地晚泥盆世中华豆石介族（介形类）的发现

通过对中华巨石介族的研究，指出宁夏卫宁盆地中宁组下段为法门期滨海相沉积，泥盆纪时属华南生物地理区系。根据生物群和沉积建造的相似性，并结合古地磁资料分析、推测在晚泥盆世期间，包括卫宁盆地在内的河西走廊地体可能还未完全脱离华南地块。     

First Late Ordovician Paleomagnetic Pole for the Cuyania (Precordillera) Terrane of Western Argentina: a Microcontinent or a Laurentian Plateau

Time and tectonic processes involved in docking of the Argentine Precordillera (Cuyania terrane) against SW Gondwana has been a matter of much debate. A paleomagnetic study on the Early Caradoc Pavón Formation, exposed in the San Rafael block, province of Mendoza, Argentina, is presented. After detailed thermal and alternating field demagnetizations two geologically significant magnetic components were defined. A widespread post-tectonic component (A) is present in most sites of the Pavón Formation, with dual polarities, and is coincident with the characteristic remanence isolated from a Permo-Triassic rhyolitic dome intruding the sediments. Its pole position (83.7°S, 271.0°E, dp = 6.8°, dm = 9.0° N = 11 sites) falls on the Late Permian-Early Triassic South American reference poles suggesting that this component was acquired during the Choiyoi magmatic phase. A second component (B) also shows dual polarities and a positive fold test suggesting a primary origin. Unblocking temperatures and rock magnetic experiments indicate that B is carried either by hematite or magnetite at different sites. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results suggest a depositional fabric and no remanence distortion due to deformation or compaction. A paleomagnetic pole computed from this remanence (PV) falls on 3.6°N, 346.4°E (dp = 2.9°, dm = 4.6° n = 22 samples). It indicates a paleolatitude around 26°S for deposition of Pavón sediments and constrains the paleogeographic evolution of Cuyania during the Ordovician, which was still at subtropical latitudes by the Early Caradoc. PV is consistent with the Laurentian Late Ordovician reference pole if Cuyania remains attached to SE Laurentia for the Early Caradoc, while it shows a significant cw rotation with no paleolatitude anomaly respect to the Gondwana reference pole when kept in its present position in SW South America. These comparisons are interpreted in three possible alternatives for the paleogeographic and tectonic setting of Cuyania in the Late Ordovician.     

Paleomagnetic results from the Permian Rodez basin implications: the Late Variscan tectonics in the southern French Massif Central

Abstract

A paleomagnetic study has been carried out on three sedimentary formations of the Permian Rodez basin in the southern France. Two of them yield paleomagnetic poles of Saxonian and Thuringian age showing counterclockwise rotation of moderate amplitude, during or after the Thuringian deposition. For the French Massif Central, contrary to its stable southern (Lodève basin) and eastern (Largentière basin) borders, on its southwestern border, in a large area including the Rodez, Saint-Affrique and perhaps Brive basins suffered rotations due to the extensional tectonics during the Late Variscan period. © 2002 Editions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.     

鲁西隆起北侧博兴洼陷新生界碎屑重矿物记录及其对构造古地理环境的指示

对鲁西隆起北侧博兴洼陷新生界碎屑重矿物组份和稳定性组合的研究发现：古近纪孔店组沉积期、沙河街组四段沉积晚期和沙河街组二段沉积期金红石、电气石、锆石和白钛矿等稳定碎屑莺矿物占优势,指示盆-山的构造古地理分异较弱;沙四段沉积早期、沙三段和沙一段沉积期绿帘石、榍石等不稳定碎屑重矿物占优势,表明构造古地理分异强烈.新近纪馆陶组稳定重矿物自下而上逐渐占据优势,表明该时期构造活动逐渐趋缓;明化镇组自下而上不稳定重矿物逐渐占优势,指示构造活动逐渐加强.根据砂岩中自生矿物赤（褐）铁矿的分析,认为其含量较高的孔店组、沙四段、沙段沉积期气候干旱,而含量较低的沙四段沉积末期一沙二段沉积期气候湿润;新近纪里赤（褐）铁矿含量向上增大,可能指示气候干旱程度加剧.     

内蒙古河套盆地晚白垩世地层新资料

<正> 河套盆地白垩系—第三系发育,缺失古新世一早始新世沉积。过去因化石资料不足,仅依据地震反射层特征把晚白垩世地层误划入始新一渐新世。笔者等(1985)采集8口钻孔微体古生物样品,获得较多的介形虫及孢粉等,将其划入晚白垩世,新建毕克齐组(K_2b)和杭锦组(K_2h),时代为康亚克期—马斯特里赫特期。     

Late Cenozoic paleomagnetism of West Siberian Plate

On the basis of combined (paleomagnetic, lithological, and paleontological) data, a scale of Neogene geomagnetic polarity is proposed for the West Siberian Plate (WSP). It comprises 17 large orthozones of normal and reversed polarity. The scale was compiled by comparing and correlating the Neogene key sections of the Kulunda and Baraba plains, Irtysh regions between Omsk and Pavlodar and near Tara, and Ob’ region near Tomsk. The reliability of paleomagnetic data is confirmed by component analysis of natural remanent magnetization and by a possibility of determining its primary component. In the studied Neogene rocks this is a high-temperature component related to magnetite, hematite, and maghemite, which decays at 420–675 °C. In the period from Early Miocene to Late Pliocene, the Late Cenozoic geomagnetic field reconstructed from NRM vectors for WSP rocks of Neogene age experienced 17 reversals (at the level of orthozone boundaries), with eight regimes of normal polarity and nine regimes of reversed polarity. Comparison of the WSP Neogene scale with Berggren’s scale provided absolute age boundaries of the Late Cenozoic series on the WSP regional stratigraphic scale. The 23.8 Ma boundary between the Oligocene and Miocene is recorded in the regional scale at the sole of the Lyamin beds of the Abrosimovka Formation, at the bottom of Orthochron R₁N₁aq, and the Miocene-Pliocene 5.2 Ma boundary (Chron C3r), in the Novaya Stanitsa Formation (top of the Cherlak beds).     

Apparent polar wandering for the Atlantic-bordering continents: Late Carboniferous to Eocene

We present a compilation of reliable paleomagnetic pole positions from five continental plates (North America, Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, Africa, and South America) for ten time intervals ranging from Late Carboniferous to Eocene. Only well-dated results obtained by demagnetization techniques have been used. Paleomagnetic poles are plotted with respect to the paleo-positions of the continents, as reconstructed from correlations of marine magnetic anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean by Pitman and Talwani and from the fit by Bullard et al. The poles from North America, Europe and the younger poles from Africa show a very good grouping for most of the ten intervals considered, and a continuous apparent polar wandering path is obtained. These data have been used to construct paleolatitude maps for most intervals; thus the relative positions of the continents were established from sea-floor spreading data and their absolute positions on the globe were determined from paleomagnetic data. The older data from South America and the other Gondwana continents show a systematic deviation from those of the northern continents for Late Paleozoic and Early Triassic time periods. An explanation is offered in a different continental reconstruction between Laurasia and Gondwanaland before Middle Triassic times.