磁场对石英弹簧重力仪观测结果的影响

采用金属弹簧重力仪,其测量结果受磁场影响。仪器制造和使用者为减少此影响已采取了消磁、磁屏蔽、选用弱磁材料等有效措施。而采用石英材料制成的重力仪,一般认为其测量结果不受磁场影响,因此在过去较长时期内,很少有人研究磁场对石英弹簧重力仪观测结果影响的问题。近年来,随着重力测量精度的提高、测量方法的改进,在较高精度的测量数据处理中,越来越多的实际结果证明,即使是使用石英弹簧重力仪也不能完全排除磁场的影响。     

77K SQUID磁强计在TEM测量上的应用研究

阐述了液氮温区（77K）超导量子干涉器（SQUID）磁强计在瞬变电磁（TEM）测量中的应用,介绍了作者以此进行的TEM测量野外应用试验及所取得的结果,直接测量磁场与测量感应电动势相比,用SQUID磁强计直接测量磁场,具有低噪声,高信噪比、高灵敏度的特点。它将给物探方法提供一个优异的弱磁探测工具。     

航磁弱异常区磁场水平调整——以黔东地区为例

航磁磁场水平调整是压制非地质因素对磁场的干扰,还原磁场本来面貌的重要手段,传统方法主要为切割线调平和微调平,但在弱磁场区实测磁场面貌不清晰,干扰异常影响突出,使用常规磁场水平调整方法难以达到理想的处理效果.本文针对黔东地区航磁弱异常,在介绍弱磁场成因、磁场水平误差表现形式的基础上,对该地区磁场水平进行了调整.为获得较好的磁场水平调整效果,使用了弱磁场区水平调整方法,并针对弱磁场区高压线等干扰异常明显的特点,利用该方法对区内高压线干扰异常进行处理,处理后的磁场趋势更合理,磁场面貌更清晰,突出了微弱局部异常,更好地满足后续数据转换处理和地质解释的需要.     

磁通门磁力仪和探头研制的最新进展

磁通门磁力仪重量轻、体积小、电路简单、功耗低、温度范围宽、灵敏度高、稳定性好,可连续读数,可进行任意方向测量,尤其适合在零磁场和弱磁场下应用．所以,磁通门磁力仪在星际磁测、磁法勘探、地磁观测等领域得到了广泛的应用．本文对经典式探头和三端式探头做了深入浅出的论述．     

关于东亚大陆磁场的研究

本文利用近三十年来的地面测量资料和东亚地区11个地磁台的资料,以及1965.0、1975.0国际地磁参考场等资料,对东亚大陆磁场的时、空变化特征进行了研究。内容包括:东亚大陆磁场的空间分布特征及场源深度的估算,东亚大陆磁场的中心位置及其磁场强度、磁场方向,近三十年来东亚大陆磁场的长期变化特征等。得到的主要结果是:1.东亚大陆磁场的中心位置近三十年来没有西向漂移的迹象,从而推断它的长期变化主要由场源强度的变化所引起,而不是主要由非偶场的西向漂移所引起;2.东亚大陆磁场的中心与它的长期变化的中心不相一致,同时,在青藏高原的东部还可能存在一弱中心。     

田庄等测点周围的磁场梯度测量

磁场梯度测量是选建地磁测点过程中的一项重要工作。在田庄、灵山、东兴庄测点周围，进行了磁场梯度的一般测量与详细测量，结果显示，各测桩的水平方向与垂直方向的磁场梯度均不大于１．０ｎＴ／ｍ。完全符合磁测规范的要求。     

我国弱磁测量研究的进展

简述了弱磁场、弱磁性测量仪器和系统在国际的研究动向，较系统地论述了我国各种弱磁性测量仪器的研制、应用和发展．     

龙门山断裂带南段岩石圈磁场变化分析

根据巴颜喀拉块体东部2011—2014年3期岩石圈磁场年变化情况,结合地壳应力资料,重点分析龙门山断裂带南段的岩石圈磁场变化与应力积累的关系。该区域2011—2012年和2012—2013年岩石圈磁场变化明显弱于周边区域,实测地壳应力结果反映汶川M_S8.0地震震后应力积累水平很高。压磁效应分析认为汶川M_S8.0地震后该区域高应力积累、低应变率的动力学背景是控制该区域岩石圈磁场弱变化的主要因素。此外,芦山M_S7.0地震及康定M_S6.3地震前震中区存在局部岩石圈磁场水平矢量的弱变化现象,尤其是2012—2013年水平矢量大小和方向均与周边区域相比存在明显差异,这可能是两次地震的前兆异常。     

质子旋进式磁力仪在我国的发展及应用(综述)

第五篇文章综合介绍了质子旋进式磁力仪在我国的发展和应用情况,并从理论上指出了该仪器在弱磁场的测量中所占的重要地位以及在今后研制及生产方面应注意的问题。同时还把国内外同类型的仪器作了比较,找出了国内的差距。     

空地磁残差计算在平原厚覆盖区找矿应用

磁法是寻找隐伏磁铁矿最有效的地球物理方法,但是厚覆盖层下方铁矿体产生的磁异常较弱,有必要综合空地磁场数据突出铁矿弱异常信息.为有效利用已有的空地磁场数据及在山东齐河平原厚覆盖区实现深部找矿新突破,本文介绍了区域磁场及深部铁矿磁场特征,以不同高度磁场变化规律为依据,设计理论模型获取了不同高度正演磁场,通过计算空地磁残差,突出深部铁矿引起的弱异常.为了验证方法的实际效果,利用近年在该地区实测航空及地面磁场数据计算磁残差,结合推断的地质构造,分析找矿有利部位,确定钻探验证位置.     

中国大陆含油气盆地的氦同位素组成及大地热流密度

根据天然气中氦同位素组成,讨论了中国大陆主要含油气盆地氦同位素地球化学特征与大地热流密度。不同地区425个~3He/~4He 值表明中国含油气盆地天然气的氦同位素组成变化范围较大,为4.0×10~(-9)-7.21×10~(-6),在统计直方图上呈现三个峰值:1.5×10~(-8),3.0×10~(-7)和1.5×10~(-6)。中国东部大陆裂谷系中、新生代盆地内天然气的~3He/~4He 值分布范围为1.02×10~(-7)-7.21×10~(-6),50%以上大于大气的值(1.4×10~(-6));其他地区含油气盆地天然气的~3He/~4He 值分布范围为4.0×10~(-9)-7.01×10~(-7),全部小于大气的~3He/~4He 值。根据天然气中~3He/~4He 值计算的大地热流密度值分布在30-82mW/m~2 之间。利用~3He/~4He 值计算的大地热流密度值与用其他方法测得的值相一致,在中国大陆水平方向上呈现"东高西低"的变化趋势。     

白云深水区新生代沉降及岩石圈伸展变形

为认识白云深水区新生代构造沉降和岩石圈伸展变形特征,本文对过研究区的两条测线进行了回剥分析和伸展系数计算,结果表明:白云深水区新生代构造沉降具有幕式特点,由快到慢共分4幕:①65～24.4 Ma;②24.4～18.5 Ma;③18.5～13.8 Ma;④13.8～0 Ma,在裂后存在3期快速沉降(24.4～21Ma,1...     

An observational analysis of the evolution of a mesoscale anti-cyclonic eddy over the Northern Bay of Bengal during May–July 2014

The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is a distinct oceanic region for mesoscale oceanic eddies. The sea level anomaly from the Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic (AVISO) help to identify an unusual anti-cyclonic eddy (ACE) over head BoB during May–July 2014. Two Indian moored buoys (BD08 and BD09) located over this region aided to study the subsurface thermohaline structures of the ACE. Compared to no-eddy environment, the temperature and salinity showed an increment of ~?3–4 °C and ~?1–2 PSU, respectively, during the ACE life period. The temperature and depth of the isothermal layer at genesis (peak) stages are increased to ~?30 °C (~?30.7 °C) and ~?20 m (30 m) when compared with no-eddy conditions (28.2 °C and 10 m). The thermocline depth is deepened to 75 m at the peak stage, while it is 50 m in no-eddy condition. A temperature difference of 3 °C between no-eddy and peak stages of ACE is observed up to 50 m. The ocean heat content (OHC) at BD08 (BD09) during genesis and peak stages has increased by ~?72% (~?50%) and ~?247% (~?181%), respectively, when compared with no-eddy conditions. Moreover, the MOHC also shows a similar increment of ~?125% (~?123%) and ~?258% (~?284%), respectively. A noticeable influence is seen in turbulent fluxes and lower atmospheric variables during eddy life. This study highlights the capability of moored buoys in understanding the subsurface thermohaline features of the eddies over northern BoB.     

The eruptive history of the Tequila volcanic field, western Mexico: ages, volumes, and relative proportions of lava types

The eruptive history of the Tequila volcanic field (1600 km²) in the western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is based on ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar chronology and volume estimates for eruptive units younger than 1 Ma. Ages are reported for 49 volcanic units, including Volcán Tequila (an andesitic stratovolcano) and peripheral domes, flows, and scoria cones. Volumes of volcanic units 1 Ma were obtained with the aid of field mapping, ortho aerial photographs, digital elevation models (DEMs), and ArcGIS software. Between 1120 and 200 kyrs ago, a bimodal distribution of rhyolite (~35 km³) and high-Ti basalt (~39 km³) dominated the volcanic field. Between 685 and 225 kyrs ago, less than 3 km³ of andesite and dacite erupted from more than 15 isolated vents; these lavas are crystal-poor and show little evidence of storage in an upper crustal chamber. Approximately 200 kyr ago, ~31 km³ of andesite erupted to form the stratocone of Volcán Tequila. The phenocryst assemblage of these lavas suggests storage within a chamber at ~2–3 km depth. After a hiatus of ~110 kyrs, ~15 km³ of andesite erupted along the W and SE flanks of Volcán Tequila at ~90 ka, most likely from a second, discrete magma chamber located at ~5–6 km depth. The youngest volcanic feature (~60 ka) is the small andesitic volcano Cerro Tomasillo (~2 km³). Over the last 1 Myr, a total of 128±22 km³ of lava erupted in the Tequila volcanic field, leading to an average eruption rate of ~0.13 km³/kyr. This volume erupted over ~1600 km², leading to an average lava accumulation rate of ~8 cm/kyr. The relative proportions of lava types are ~22–43% basalt, ~0.4–1% basaltic andesite, ~29–54% andesite, ~2–3% dacite, and ~18–40% rhyolite. On the basis of eruptive sequence, proportions of lava types, phenocryst assemblages, textures, and chemical composition, the lavas do not reflect the differentiation of a single (or only a few) parental liquids in a long-lived magma chamber. The rhyolites are geochemically diverse and were likely formed by episodic partial melting of upper crustal rocks in response to emplacement of basalts. There are no examples of mingled rhyolitic and basaltic magmas. Whatever mechanism is invoked to explain the generation of andesite at the Tequila volcanic field, it must be consistent with a dominantly bimodal distribution of high-Ti basalt and rhyolite for an 800 kyr interval beginning ~1 Ma, which abruptly switched to punctuated bursts of predominantly andesitic volcanism over the last 200 kyrs.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at Editorial responsility: J. Donnelly-NolanThis revised version was published online in January 2005 with corrections to Tables 1 and 3.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Ionospheric Time-delay over Akure Using Global Positioning System Observations

Ionospheric time delay (VΔt) variability using Global Positioning System (GPS) data over Akure (7.15°N, 5.12°E), Nigeria, has been studied. The observed variability of VΔt in comparison to older results of vertical total electron content (TEC) across similar regions has shown equivalent signatures. Higher monthly mean values of VΔt (MVΔt) were observed during daytime as compared to nighttime (pre- and post-midnight) hours in all months. The highest MVΔt observed in September during daytime hours range between ~6 and ~21 ns (~1.80 and ~6.30 m) and at post-midnight, they are in the range of ~1 to ~6 ns (~0.3 to ~1.80 m). The possible mechanisms responsible for this variability were discussed. Seasonal VΔt were investigated as well.     

Diagnostic Analysis of the Solar Proton Flares of September 2017 by Their Radio Bursts

The powerful solar flares that occurred on September 4–10, 2017 are analyzed based on a quantitative diagnostics method for proton flares developed at the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere and Radio-Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN) in the 1970–1980s. We show that the fluxes and energy spectra of the protons reached the Earth with the energies of tens of MeV qualitatively and quantitatively correspond to the intensity and frequency spectra of the microwave radio bursts in the range of 2.7–15.4 GHz. Specifically, the flare of September 4 with a peak radio flux S ~ 2000 sfu at the frequency f ~ 3 GHz (i.e., with the soft radio spectrum) was accompanied by a significant proton flux J (>10 MeV) ~100 pfu and a soft energy spectrum with the index γ ~3.0, while the strong flare on September 10 with S ~ 21000 sfu at f ~ 15 GHz (i.e., with the hard radio spectrum) led to a very intense proton event with J (>10 MeV) ~1000 pfu with a hard spectrum (γ ~ 1.4), including the ground level enhancement (GLE72). This is further evidence that microwave radio data can be successfully used in diagnostics of proton flares independently of a specific source of particle acceleration at the Sun, in particular, with the IZMIRAN method.     

Evolution of lithospheric mantle in the north of Nain‐Baft oceanic crust (Neo‐Tethyan ophiolite of Ashin,Central Iran)

This study is focused on a plagioclase‐bearing spinel lherzolite from Chah Loqeh area in the Neo‐Tethyan Ashin ophiolite. It is exposed along the west of left‐lateral strike‐slip Dorouneh Fault in the northwest of Central‐East Iranian Microcontinent. Mineral chemistry (Mg#^olivine < ~ 90, Cr#^{clinopyroxene} < ~ 0.2, Cr#^spinel < ~ 0.5, Al₂O₃^{orthopyroxene} > ~ 2.5 wt%, Al₂O₃^{clinopyroxene} > ~ 4.5 wt%, Al₂O₃^spinel > ~ 41.5 wt%, Na₂O^{clinopyroxene} > ~ 0.11 wt%, and TiO₂^{clinopyroxene} > ~ 0.04 wt%) confirms Ashin lherzolite was originally a mid‐oceanic ridge peridotite with low degrees of partial melting at spinel‐peridotite facies in a lithospheric mantle level. However, some Ashin lherzolites record mantle upwelling and tectonic exhumation at plagioclase‐peridotite facies during oceanic extension and diapiric motion of mantle along Nain‐Baft suture zone. This mantle upwelling is evidenced by some modifications in the modal composition (i.e. subsolidus recrystallization of plagioclase and olivine between pyroxene and spinel) and mineral chemistry (e.g. increase in TiO₂ and Na₂O of clinopyroxene, and TiO₂ and Cr# of spinel and decrease in Mg# of olivine), as a consequence of decompression during a progressive upwelling of mantle. Previous geochronological and geochemical data and increasing the depth of subsolidus plagioclase formation at plagioclase‐peridotite facies from Nain ophiolite (~ 16 km) to Ashin ophiolite (~ 35 km) suggest a south to north closure for the Nain‐Baft oceanic crust in the northwest of Central‐East Iranian Microcontinent.     

最新GPS数据揭示的东构造结周边主要断裂带的运动特征

最新GPS观测资料研究表明喜马拉雅东构造结周边主要断裂带在不同构造部位其运动特征不同.雅鲁藏布江断裂总体表现为右旋挤压运动,东构造结以西走滑速率为2~4 mm/a、挤压速率为1~4 mm/a,东构造结附近走滑速率为6~7 mm/a、挤压速率为1~4 mm/a;嘉黎断裂带从东构造结以西的右旋走滑运动,到东构造结附近的弱右旋走滑运动,转变为东构造结东南部的左旋走滑运动,走滑速率分别为4~6 mm/a、1~2 mm/a和3~5 mm/a.怒江断裂带在构造结以西主要为挤压运动,运动速率1~2 mm/a;在东构造结及其东南部则表现为右旋挤压运动,走滑速率为2~3 mm/a、挤压速率1~2.5 mm/a.以上结果表明,尽管东构造结形成于中生代,但现今对周边主要断裂带的运动仍有一定的影响;嘉黎断裂带东南段可能不是青藏高原右旋剪切带的南部边界.     

富蕴地震断裂带的若干定量特征

对富蕴地震断裂带９处不同地段的平板地质测量结果表明：北部引张段地震断裂 带宽约２２０ｍ,断坎平均高０．４ｍ;中部主体走滑段地震断层长达５３５ｍ以上,断层水平位移为１．８￣７．８ｍ断坎高０．４￣１．２ｍ,水平位移与垂直位移之比为５．７￣８．６;南部末端破裂段地震抛掷巨石距离达４０ｍ,地震断层水平位移为０．４￣９．９ｍ,断坎平均高０．２ｍ,末端及副断层水平位移与垂直位移之比高达２５￣２８。     

米仓山-汉南隆起白垩纪以来的剥露作用：磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄记录

对米仓山南江-南郑剖面上的13个花岗岩类样品进行了磷灰石(U-Th)/He测年和剥露速率计算,分析过程综合考虑了样品冷却速率、晶体大小等因素对磷灰石(U-Th)/He封闭温度的影响和地形起伏、岩体热传导、热对流及放射性元素生热等因素对地温场的影响.研究表明,米仓山南部沉积变形区自~50 Ma以来发生快速剥露 (剥露速率为~70 m/Ma),新生代以来的剥蚀量超过了3 km;中部光雾山杂岩体记录了~90 Ma时一次快速剥露事件(剥露速率>75 m/Ma);北部汉南隆起区~100 Ma以前以快速剥露为特点,平均剥露速率>40 m/Ma,此后转为缓慢剥露.整个米仓山-汉南隆起区在90~50 Ma基本处于缓慢剥露状态,平均剥露速率仅有10~25 m/Ma.