莺歌海盆地沉积格架和充填演化分析

位于南海西北部海域的莺歌海盆地,由于其大地构造位置的特殊性,沉积格架和充填演化也具有非常独特的特点。盆地古近纪和新近纪上下两部分沉积特征完全不同,古近系显示出走滑盆地对称沉积的特征,受断裂控制较明显,沉积活动范围局限;新近纪基本上脱离断裂活动的控制,其沉积活动到新近纪中晚期逐渐显示出形似被动大陆边缘的沉积特征。盆地沉积中心的变迁独树一帜,主要经历了3个阶段,由西北-东南、东南-西北、西北-东南方向有规律地变化。沉积充填过程历经了由陆相到海相、多次大规模海进和海退沉积序列,形成了多套厚度较大的互层砂泥岩组合,具有良好油气远景。     

莺歌海盆地周边区域构造演化

莺歌海盆地周边新生代区域构造演化综合分析表明，该舅地形成和演化构造应力场分四个阶段：第一阶段，古新世末至早渐新世印支地块快速向南东方向挤出，同时伴随着地块的顺时针旋转运动。第二阶段，晚渐新世至早中新世印支地块向南东挤出运动逐渐减弱，华南地块整体仍然相对稳定。莺歌海盆地处于左旋剪切状态。第三阶段，中、晚中新世随着印度地块逐渐楔入欧亚板块内部，印支半岛的挤出运动进一步减弱。至中中新世末，华南地块整体开始挤出。第四阶段，上新世一第四纪印支地块相对稳定，华南地块挤出运动继续进行，两地块间的相对运动呈右旋剪切运动。莺歌海盆地新生代的构造应力场演化受太平洋板块、印度与欧亚板块之间相互作用控制。其中，印度与欧亚板块碰撞作用所导致的印支地块与华南地块的相对运动，是决定莺歌海盆地新生代构造运动应力场变化的主要因素。     

南海北部莺歌海盆地壳源型非生物CO2运聚成藏特征与资源潜力

南海北部莺歌海盆地壳源型非生物(无机)成因CO2运聚成藏机制独特、分布规律复杂、资源规模及潜力巨大,根据目前勘探及研究程度,其CO2资源量逾万亿立方米,勘探所获地质储量超过2000亿m3,居中国探明CO2地质储量之首,在世界范围亦是罕见的,故具有颇大的资源潜力与综合开发利用前景。CO2具明显的多重性,其不仅能广泛应用于国民经济及工农业生产中,而且是导致"厄尔尼诺"现象,严重影响生态环境的主要温室气体,因此,如何综合开发利用这种储量规模巨大的CO2资源,充分发挥其市场经济价值,促进国家经济建设,这是目前该区天然气勘探开发面临的重大科技攻关课题。     

Observation of Catastrophic Degassing from Mantle-Crust in Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea

Previousworkshavenotonlywellestablishedtheiso topiccriteriaforrecognizingdifferentsourcesofnoblegases(ref.PintiandMarty ,2 0 0 0 ;Sardaetal.,1985 ) ,butalsoadvocatedtheintegrationofC/ 3Heratioswithstableisotoperatiostoprovideaninsightintotheoriginsofmantle derivedCO2 (Ballentineetal.,2 0 0 1,2 0 0 0 ;Lollaretal.,1997;Pedronietal.,1996 ;Trulletal.,1993;MartyandJam bon ,1987;DesMarais ,1985 ) .Inmanycases,however,thenoble gassignatureandC/3Heratiocannotbesimplyusedtoindicatetheoriginsofsuc…     

莺歌海盆地高温超压环境下储层物性影响因素

莺歌海盆地由于独特的沉积地层和温压场特征, 使得盆地内的储层成岩演化也具有了与众不同的过程和特点.通过对莺歌海盆地内有钻井证实的两种超压体系类型(自源型和传导型) 的对比研究, 阐明了其成因差别及其石油地质意义, 并详细论述了高温超压环境下储层物性的影响因素: (1) 储层物性主要受沉积环境和成岩作用控制; (2) 高地温梯度使砂岩的孔隙度衰减较快; (3) 超压保存了一部分原生孔隙, 这是深部储层还具有高孔隙度的最主要原因; (4) 超压通过溶解等成岩作用产生了一些次生孔隙; (5) 流体压裂突破过程中产生了大量的裂缝, 有效地提高了储层渗透性.      

莺歌海盆地断裂活动与地质灾害分析

莺歌海盆地是南海西北部海域地质灾害类型较齐全的地区之一.根据野外调查资料,本文简要地分析了该区的活动断裂和地质灾害类型.区内活动断裂主要走向呈NW向,该方向的活动断裂主要有红河断裂带、中央拗陷东部断裂带和中央拗陷西部断裂带.红河断裂带在地震资料上显示为一倾向SW的正断层,表现为明显的重力梯级带和磁异常分界带,NE向断裂带分布于盆地中部,在重磁异常上表现为明显的异常带,在北部表现为被NW向的断裂切割.莺歌海盆地地质灾害类型主要有地震活动、泥底辟构造、滑坡与崩塌等.同时,还对该区地质灾害基本特征和分布规律进行了初步分析.     

The Red River sediment budget in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,northwestern South China Sea,and its tectonic implications

ABSTRACT

The rapid uplift of the Tibetan plateau, the intense movement of the Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone (ARSZ), and the related climate change during the Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision have been widely studied; however, their timings varied considerably due to different data and methods used. As these events have been documented in the Red River sediment that came from the eastern Tibetan plateau and the Red River region and eventually deposited in the offshore Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, here these events can be explored by calculating and analysing the Red River sediment budget, especially in the Qiongdongnan basin based on dense seismic profiles and wells. Results show that the Red River sediment mainly accumulated in the Yinggehai basin and the west part of the Qiongdongnan basin, and there are three sedimentary accumulation peaks in the Red River sediment budget during ~29.5–21, ~15.5–10.5, and ~5.5–0 Ma. By further comparing with previous studies on the timings of these events, it is inferred that the first sedimentary peak, prior to the onset of the monsoon intensification (~22 Ma), was probably driven by an intense left-lateral movement of the ARSZ in ~29.5–21 Ma. The second peak (~15.5–10.5 Ma), however, reflects a rapid uplift of the Tibetan plateau after the cessation of the left-lateral strike slip of the ARSZ. The third peak (~5.5–0 Ma) is most likely linked with a right-lateral movement of the ARSZ and the related climate change. Overall, the Red River sediment budget from the offshore Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins provides an important constraint on the timings of these tectonic events as well as the related climate change during the Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision.     

Heat flow and thermal modeling of the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea

Geothermal gradients are estimated to vary from 31 to 43 °C/km in the Yinggehai Basin based on 99 temperature data sets compiled from oil well data. Thirty-seven thermal conductivity measurements on core samples were made and the effects of porosity and water saturation were corrected. Thermal conductivities of mudstone and sandstone range from 1.2 to 2.7 W/m K, with a mean of 2.0±0.5 W/m K after approximate correction. Heat flow at six sites in the Yinggehai Basin range from 69 to 86 mW/m², with a mean value of 79±7 mW/m². Thick sediments and high sedimentation rates resulted in a considerable radiogenic contribution, but also depressed the heat flow. Measurements indicate the radiogenic heat production in the sediment is 1.28 μW/m³, which contributes 20% to the surface heat flow. After subtracting radiogenic heat contribution of the sediment, and sedimentation correction, the average basal heat flow from basement is about 86 mW/m².Three stages of extension are recognized in the subsidence history, and a kinematic model is used to study the thermal evolution of the basin since the Cenozoic era. Model results show that the peak value of basal heat flow was getting higher and higher through the Cenozoic. The maximum basal heat flow increased from 65 mW/m² in the first stage to 75 mW/m² in the second stage, and then 90 mW/m² in the third stage. The present temperature field of the lithosphere of the Yinggehai Basin, which is still transient, is the result of the multistage extension, but was primarily associated with the Pliocene extension.     

南海莺歌海盆地黄流组海底扇储层构型特征*

南海莺歌海盆地东方X气田中新统黄流组一段发育浅海海底扇沉积,沉积类型特殊,砂体连通性复杂,对储层构型的研究较为薄弱,影响了该地区的油气勘探和开发。以层序地层学、沉积学、测井地质学、地震沉积学等理论为指导,结合岩心、钻井、测井、三维地震和地震波阻抗反演成果等资料,对东方X气田中新统黄流组一段Ⅱ_b气组海底扇构型单元及砂体分布规律进行研究。结果表明: 研究区海底扇主要发育中扇亚相的水道沉积、堤岸沉积、席状砂和扇缘砂; Ⅱ_b气组以水道沉积及席状砂为主,2期水道沉积以充填沉积作用为主,整体呈NW-SE向展布;储集层内部砂体有层状充填、垂向切叠及侧向切叠3种叠置样式; 储层构型主控因素包括物源供给、地形坡度及重力流能量。     

南海莺歌海盆地黄流组海底扇储层构型特征*

南海莺歌海盆地东方X气田中新统黄流组一段发育浅海海底扇沉积,沉积类型特殊,砂体连通性复杂,对储层构型的研究较为薄弱,影响了该地区的油气勘探和开发。以层序地层学、沉积学、测井地质学、地震沉积学等理论为指导,结合岩心、钻井、测井、三维地震和地震波阻抗反演成果等资料,对东方X气田中新统黄流组一段Ⅱ_b气组海底扇构型单元及砂体分布规律进行研究。结果表明: 研究区海底扇主要发育中扇亚相的水道沉积、堤岸沉积、席状砂和扇缘砂; Ⅱ_b气组以水道沉积及席状砂为主,2期水道沉积以充填沉积作用为主,整体呈NW-SE向展布;储集层内部砂体有层状充填、垂向切叠及侧向切叠3种叠置样式; 储层构型主控因素包括物源供给、地形坡度及重力流能量。     

琼西莺歌海盆地断裂系统的成因机制

通过对莺歌海盆地构造变形背景和变形基本特征的分析,详细地研究了盆地断裂系统的特征及其分布规律,并结合区域构造演化,对断裂的成因机制进行了探讨。认为北西向断裂控制了盆地的总体构造格局,尤其是强烈的右旋扭动形成南北向雁行式的张裂隙,诱导了泥-流体底辟构造的发生;泥-流体底辟活动进一步形成局部的应力场,开启新的断裂和破碎带,同时,形成与超压流体的活动相关的流体压裂。     

On the mechanics of basin formation in the Pannonian basin: Inferences from analogue and numerical modelling

We present the results of a thrust fault reactivation study that has been carried out using analogue (sandbox) and numerical modelling techniques. The basement of the Pannonian basin is built up of Cretaceous nappe piles. Reactivation of these compressional structures and connected weakness zones is one of the prime agents governing Miocene formation and Quaternary deformation of the basin system. However, reactivation on thrust fault planes (average dip of ca. 30°) in normal or transtensional stress regimes is a problematic process in terms of rock mechanics. The aim of the investigation was to analyse how the different stress regimes (extension or strike-slip), and the geometrical as well as the mechanical parameters (dip and strike of the faults, frictional coefficients) effect the reactivation potential of pre-existing faults.

Results of analogue modelling predict that thrust fault reactivation under pure extension is possible for fault dip angle larger than 45° with normal friction value (sand on sand) of the fault plane. By making the fault plane weaker, reactivation is possible down to 35° dip angle. These values are confirmed by the results of numerical modelling. Reactivation in transtensional manner can occur in a broad range of fault dip angle (from 35° to 20°) and strike angle (from 30° to 5° with respect to the direction of compression) when keeping the maximum horizontal stress magnitude approximately three times bigger than the vertical or the minimum horizontal stress values.

Our research focussed on two selected study areas in the Pannonian basin system: the Danube basin and the Derecske trough in its western and eastern part, respectively. Their Miocene tectonic evolution and their fault reactivation pattern show considerable differences. The dominance of pure extension in the Danube basin vs. strike-slip faulting (transtension) in the Derecske trough is interpreted as a consequence of their different geodynamic position in the evolving Pannonian basin system. In addition, orientation of the pre-existing thrust fault systems with respect to the Early to Middle Miocene paleostress fields had a major influence on reactivation kinematics.

As part of the collapsing east Alpine orogen, the area of the Danube basin was characterised by elevated topography and increased crustal thickness during the onset of rifting in the Pannonian basin. Consequently, an excess of gravitational potential energy resulted in extension (σ_v > σ_H) during Early Miocene basin formation. By the time topography and related crustal thickness variation relaxed (Middle Miocene), the stress field had rotated and the minimum horizontal stress axes (σ_h) became perpendicular to the main strike of the thrusts. The high topography and the rotation of σ_h could induce nearly pure extension (dip-slip faulting) along the pre-existing low-angle thrusts. On the contrary, the Derecske trough was situated near the Carpathian subduction belt, with lower crustal thickness and no pronounced topography. This resulted in much lower σ_v value than in the Danube basin. Moreover, the proximity of the retreating subduction slab provided low values of σ_h and the oblique orientation of the paleostress fields with respect to the master faults of the trough. This led to the dominance of strike-slip faulting in combination with extension and basin subsidence (transtension).     

莺歌海盆地成因及其大地构造意义

莺歌海盆地位于南海西北部 ,属 NW走向红河断裂带向南海海域的延伸。本文通过对盆地结构、沉降特征和构造 -沉积迁移过程的研究 ,提出莺歌海盆地在始新世—早渐新世期间属左旋扭张性断陷盆地 ,晚渐新世—早中新世的盆地演化阶段受到红河断裂带的左行剪切运动影响。莺歌海盆地的形成和演化历史反映了印藏板块碰撞过程对南海形成演化的影响历史     

莺歌海盆地天然气运聚成藏条件与分布富集规律

油气勘探实践表明莺歌海盆地的天然气形成、分布及保存均与底辟区超压体系密切相关。文章根据地震、测井及地质资料与钻探成果，系统地分析总结了莺歌海盆地天然气生成、运聚及富集成藏特征。研究表明，莺歌海盆地天然气分布往往具有浅层气田沿中央泥底辟带分布、中深层岩性气藏分布于底辟构造翼部的特征，且具有"流体超压驱动、底辟裂缝输导、重力流扇体储集、高压泥岩封盖、天然气幕式脱溶成藏"的运聚成藏及富集规律。      

Fluid Charging and Paleo-pressure Evolution in the Ledong Slope Zone of the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

Large numbers of gas reservoirs have been discovered in overpressure basins. Fluid charging has a close relationship with paleo-pressure evolution, affecting the migration of gas reservoirs. To study fluid charging and the related pressure system, we analyzed burial histories and fluid inclusion(PVTx) simulations and conducted basin modeling of the Ledong Slope Zone in the Yinggehai Basin as an example. On the basis of fluid-inclusion assemblages(FIAs), homogenization temperature(Th), final melt...     

东海盆地中、新生代盆架结构与构造演化

基于地貌、钻井、岩石测年和地震等资料,分析盆地地层分布、盆架结构、构造单元划分和裂陷迁移规律,结果表明东海盆地由台北坳陷、舟山隆起、浙东坳陷、钓鱼岛隆褶带和冲绳坳陷构成,是以新生代沉积为主、中生代沉积为辅的大型中、新生代叠合含油气盆地;古元古代变质岩系构成了盆地的基底。该盆地不仅是印度-太平洋前后相继的动力体系作用下形成的西太平洋沟-弧-盆构造体系域一部分,而且也是古亚洲洋动力体系作用下形成的古亚洲洋构造域和特提斯洋动力体系作用下形成的特提斯洋构造域一部分,晚侏罗世至早白垩世经历了构造体制转换,盆地格局发生重大变革,早白垩世以前主要受古亚洲-特提斯洋构造体制影响的强烈挤压造山和地壳增厚作用演变为早白垩世以来主要受太平洋构造体制控制的陆缘伸展裂陷和岩石圈减薄作用,经历侏罗纪古亚洲-特提斯构造体制大陆边缘拗陷和白垩纪以来太平洋构造体制弧后裂陷两大演化阶段。白垩纪以来太平洋构造体制的弧后裂陷演化阶段可细分为早白垩世至始新世裂陷期、渐新世至晚中新世拗陷期和中新世末至全新世裂陷期。     

超压背景下中深层砂岩储集层沉积—成岩演化差异性分析: 以南海莺歌海盆地中新统黄流组为例*

南海莺歌海盆地内地层普遍发育超压,东方区和乐东区是莺歌海盆地天然气成藏有利区的核心地带。其中,东方区位于底辟带中心,超压形成时间较早(9—5 Ma),主要物源来自西部昆嵩隆起区;乐东区位于莺东斜坡带,超压形成时间较晚(5—2 Ma),主要物源区为东部海南隆起区。本研究通过铸体薄片、荧光薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、含烃包裹体微束荧光分析、流体包裹体激光拉曼成分与均一温度、X射线衍射黏土矿物等分析测试研究方法,对东方区和乐东区超压背景下黄流组砂岩储集层的岩石学与物性特征、烃类充注与成岩作用特征进行对比分析。结果显示: (1)东方区黄流组砂岩的压实作用、胶结作用较弱,物性较好(平均孔隙度17.68%,平均渗透率11.11×10^-3 μm²),处于中成岩A期晚期;乐东区黄流组砂岩整体压实作用、胶结作用较强,物性较差(平均孔隙度8.94%,平均渗透率1.52×10^-3 μm²),处于中成岩B期。(2)研究区储集层物性主要受沉积作用、超压背景和成岩作用的控制。物源、沉积中心与沉降中心、沉积相类型,超压形成时间和烃类充注规模共同影响了储集层的成岩作用特征及成岩—孔隙演化过程。(3)超压在一定程度上抵抗了压实作用强度,抑制了胶结作用,促进了溶蚀作用。     

超压背景下中深层砂岩储集层沉积—成岩演化差异性分析: 以南海莺歌海盆地中新统黄流组为例*

南海莺歌海盆地内地层普遍发育超压,东方区和乐东区是莺歌海盆地天然气成藏有利区的核心地带。其中,东方区位于底辟带中心,超压形成时间较早(9—5 Ma),主要物源来自西部昆嵩隆起区;乐东区位于莺东斜坡带,超压形成时间较晚(5—2 Ma),主要物源区为东部海南隆起区。本研究通过铸体薄片、荧光薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、含烃包裹体微束荧光分析、流体包裹体激光拉曼成分与均一温度、X射线衍射黏土矿物等分析测试研究方法,对东方区和乐东区超压背景下黄流组砂岩储集层的岩石学与物性特征、烃类充注与成岩作用特征进行对比分析。结果显示: (1)东方区黄流组砂岩的压实作用、胶结作用较弱,物性较好(平均孔隙度17.68%,平均渗透率11.11×10^-3 μm²),处于中成岩A期晚期;乐东区黄流组砂岩整体压实作用、胶结作用较强,物性较差(平均孔隙度8.94%,平均渗透率1.52×10^-3 μm²),处于中成岩B期。(2)研究区储集层物性主要受沉积作用、超压背景和成岩作用的控制。物源、沉积中心与沉降中心、沉积相类型,超压形成时间和烃类充注规模共同影响了储集层的成岩作用特征及成岩—孔隙演化过程。(3)超压在一定程度上抵抗了压实作用强度,抑制了胶结作用,促进了溶蚀作用。     

Sequence Stratigraphic Modeling of Sedimentary Basin: Conceptual Model and Application to Erlian and Yinggehai Basins, China

INTRODUCTIONQuantitativebasinmodelinghasbecomeoneofthefrontiersinsedimentarybasinanalySis.Alargevarietyofnumericalmodelsconcerningbasinformation,basinfillingprocess,thermalhistory,hydrocarbongenerationandaCCUmulationhavebeenformulatedoverthelastdecadetondAnctheprocessesandevollltionofsedimentarybasins(Mckenzie,1978,signeretal.,1990;Ungereretal.,1990).Thebasinmodeling,utilizingcomputersimulationtechnique,isapowerfultoolforbasinanalySisandhasincreasinglybeenintegratedintoconventionalbasi…     

莺歌海盆地构造演化与强烈沉降机制的分析和模拟

莺歌海盆地新生代发生了快速沉降, 盆内充填了最厚达17 km的沉积, 根据模拟实验, 印支地块或之上刚性地块的存在对莺歌海盆地的强烈沉降具有重要的贡献, 可能是造成莺歌海盆地裂陷期强烈沉降的重要原因之一.结合地质分析和物理模拟实验, 莺歌海盆地的演化大致可以分为以下4个主要阶段: 早期(42 Ma以前) 主要受到南海北部陆缘(主要是北部湾盆地) 裂解造成的右旋转换伸展作用的影响, 但影响范围较小, 主要为莺歌海盆地西北部和东部边界.42~21 Ma期间, 主要受控于印支地块左行走滑和顺时针旋转作用的影响, 莺歌海盆地在此期间发育了主体裂陷体系, 东侧受到右旋转换伸展应力场的叠加影响而导致沉降加强; 21~10.4 Ma期间, 受印支地块逐渐减弱直至停止的左行走滑作用的影响, 盆地西北部在21~15.5 Ma期间发生局部反转褶皱, 但盆地整体进入以热沉降为主的时期; 10.4 Ma以后, 盆地受华南地块沿红河断裂右旋走滑作用和5 Ma以后新一期热事件的影响.