川东盛夏伏旱非绝热热流量场特性

本文分析了川东伏旱与大气非绝热热流量的关系，结果表明：与四川“西涝东旱”气候特征相关的川东伏旱与北半球大范围非绝热热流量异常相联系。夏季月平均非绝热热流量距平场，亚欧范围内差异显著。重旱年极地维持１波，无旱年维持２波，９０－１２０°Ｅ，２０－４０°Ｎ关键区，重旱年北正南负，东正西负；轻旱年东正西负；无旱年北负南正，东负西正。川东重旱年，轻旱年为负距平区，无旱年为正距平区。并且，青藏高原加热作用，通     

厄尔尼诺年和反厄尔尼诺年北半球500hPa非绝热热流量场的特征

本文应用谱方法,诊断、计算了1964—1985年间,6个厄尔尼诺年和6个反厄尔尼诺年北半球月、季大气非绝热热流量距平场。结果表明:厄尔尼诺现象对大气非绝热热流量距平场具有显著影响,大气的响应表现为低纬和中高纬非绝热热流量正负距平中心有组织的优势排列,其位相或强度存在低频振荡,并且差值中心表现为双月周期。反厄尔尼诺年,大气具有分布不变,但距平中心基本上为反位相的响应形式。最后,通过海气相关分析,指出了海温异常是决定大气非绝热热流量异常的最重要的原因。     

世界异常天气及其评价(1992年6月天气)

在6月北半球500hPa月平均高度图上,30—40°N纬圈大部分为负距平区,40°N以北多为正距平区,但西西伯利亚、阿留申及北美大陆东部受到冷空气南下影响,为负距平。正距平区的中心分别位于北美大陆西部、欧洲北部及东西伯利亚,与此对应,上述地区为高温少雨的形势。日本附近除北海道外均为负距平区,月平均气温除北日本正常外,全国     

世界异常天气及其评价

在北半球500hPa 月平均图上,主要环流特点是:20°N——70°N 中高纬度区域内多为负距平,特别是北太平洋中纬度地区负距平更为显著,这种趋势整月都在维持。北太平洋副热带急流则整月都表现出偏南趋势。另外,4月下旬,出现了北太平洋东部负距平、北美西北部正距平、北美东南部负距平这样一种PNA 型形势,这一特征在月平均图上也能够     

四川盆地盛夏旱涝非绝热热流量场分析

利用１９６４—１９８５年北半球５００ｈＰａ月平均非绝热热流量距平诊断资料，分析了四川盆地盛夏典型旱涝年份的热力特征及其形成的可能原因。发现四川盆地”西涝东旱”年和“西旱东涝”年非绝热热流量左异显著，呈反位相关系。提出夏季青藏高原非绝热加热异常，是影响四川盆地盛夏旱涝形成的重要原因。     

世界异常天气及其评价

5月份,北半球500hPa月平均高度距平形势是:极区负距平较强,40—60°纬带为正距平,其南侧为负距平区呈同心园型。与此对应,地面气温在40—60°上除中亚地区外为正距平,20—40°主要为负距平。日本附近上旬前期和下旬有较强冷空气南下,下旬冷空气在各地相继造成冰雹和雷电灾害。     

贵州夏季旱涝与北半球500hPa大气环流特征

分析贵州32个测站1961～2003年降水资料,在0～85°N范围内,用36×16个网格点合成分析冬、春、夏季北半球500hPa平均高度场和距平场,结果表明,涝年夏季前期北半球西风带长波槽脊明显,副热带高压势力弱,旱年相反;旱涝年夏季前期距平场分布有明显差异,旱年前期冬季我国西部地区有负距平存在;同期旱年副热带高压势力比涝年强;在东亚地区同期旱年距平为-+-分布,涝年为正距平区.     

广西东南部严重春旱环流特征及预测技术研究

(1)广西东南部严重春旱的划分标准每年2~3月是广西东南部由旱季转入雨季的过渡季节,同时是水稻育秧、插秧的大忙季节,此时期降雨量的多少,将影响早稻生产进度。根据当地农业生产用水的需要,规定2至3月总降雨量距平<50%为严重春旱年。(2)广西东南部严重春旱年同期环流形势在严重春旱年同期500hPa合成距平图上发现:亚欧中高纬地区是负距平区,负距平区中心分别位于北欧和东西伯利亚地区,负距平区的南限在内35°N以北。而正距平区位于北纬35°N以南,在乌山南部到青藏高原、孟加拉湾到南海、太平洋中部以东地区分别有三个正距平中心。乌山地区为一低压槽区,雅库次克有弱阻高存在;东亚大槽位于125°E附近,比平均位置偏东、偏弱,槽底较浅,槽线南端偏北;西太平洋副高强度偏强,脊线偏北;孟加拉湾低槽没有出现,有时虽有,但很浅,且位置偏北。在此形势下,冷空气活动强度弱,路径偏东、偏北,很难到达桂档南地区。同时中东至孟加拉湾一带,很难有低压槽活动,有时有,但也很弱,而且位置偏北,从而切断或减少了水汽向桂东南地区上空的输送辐合,从而不利于降水形成。这种环流形势使广西东南部长时间维持少雨,易出现春旱现象。(3)广西东南部严重春旱年前期环流形势特征1春季副高活跃与前期低纬大气环流变化有密切关系10~12月南海至中南半岛一带500hPa环流场持续正距平,副高强度偏强,次年春季副高将易出现持续偏强,桂东南易出现春旱。2与南支西风急流建立早晚呈反相关,建立早,次年春季冷空气比较弱,桂东南易出现春旱。3与南亚季风环流变换有密切的关系。印度西南季风撤退早,东北季风来得早,孟加拉湾槽活跃,稳定维持低槽区,次年孟加拉湾槽比较弱,桂东南易出现春旱。(4)广西东南部春旱的预测模型根据春旱年的典型环流形势和各系统的前期特征,前期(10~12月)关系密切的环流特征量:副高强度、高原高度、西南季风撤退时间作为预报因子,制作春旱年的预报模型。     

川渝地区夏季旱涝与海温异常浅析

利用1951—2006年6—8月降水资料计算了川渝地区旱涝指数Z指数,确定出该区域旱涝等级及其对应年份,分析这一带历年旱涝情况及年际变化特征,并用相关和合成分析法分析旱涝与海温的关系。结果表明,1950年代末至1970年代前期,这一带地区以旱为主,3个重旱年有2年出现在这个时段内;1970年代末至2003年,旱涝年均有,但以涝为主,2006年则出现了1951年以来最旱的年份。旱涝指数与SST的相关分析显示Z指数与前期SST,特别是1—3月SST有较好的相关关系,Z指数与赤道中东太平洋SST显著正相关。重涝年赤道中东太平洋广大海域SST呈明显的正距平,而重旱年则为大范围SST负距平。2006年1—3月赤道中东太平洋海温呈明显负距平、南太平洋20°S以南到40°S之间海域海温呈显著正距平有利于川渝地区出现严重干旱。     

贵州夏季降水场与北太平洋海温场的非同步相关研究

用合成分析、奇异值分解方法（SVD）对冬季、春季北太平洋海温与我省夏季降水的关系进行了分析计算。合成分析表明贵州多雨年份冬季北太平洋海温场从西北－东南呈负－正－负－正的里平分布,少雨年份则呈相反的分布。SVD方法揭示了海温场和夏季降水奇异向量分布型,海温场与降水场具有密切的时空相关性,第1模态反映了两场间的主要耦合特征,冬季海温场第1奇异向量呈北正南负的距平分布,且黑潮区为负距平。与之对应,夏季降水第1奇异向量表现为全省一致性的负距平分布;春季海温第1奇异向量西北太平洋为正距平,黑潮区为负距平,暖地海区为正距平,NINO4区北侧海温（0～10°N180～150°W）与加利福利亚负距平区连成一片,在NINO3区有一正距平区与之对应,降水第1奇异向量表现为全省一致性的负距平分布。海温场与降水场的这种非同步联系,是一种有价值的预测贵州夏季降水异常的强信号。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.