Temporal and spatial changes of temperature and precipitation in Hexi Corridor during 1955–2011

This study is focused on the northwestern part of Gansu Province, namely the Hexi Corridor. The aim is to address the question of whether any trend in the annual and monthly series of temperature and precipitation during the period 1955-2011 appears at the scale of this region. The temperature and precipitation variation and abrupt change were examined by means of linear regression, five-year moving average, non-parameter Mann-Kendall test, accumulated variance analysis and Pettitt test method. Conclusions provide evidence of warming and wetting across the Hexi Corridor. The mean annual temperature in Hexi Corridor increased significantly in recent 57 years, and the increasing rate was 0.27℃/10a. The abrupt change phenomenon of the annual temperature was detected mainly in 1986. The seasonal average temperature in this region exhibited an evident upward trend and the uptrend rate for the standard value of winter temperature indicated the largerst of four seasons. The annual precipitation in the Hexi Corridor area displayed an obviously increasing trend and the uptrend rate was 3.95 mm/10a. However, the annual precipitation in each basin of the Hexi Corridor area did not passed the significance test. The rainy season precipitation fluctuating as same as the annual one presented insignificant uptrend. No consistent abrupt change was detected in precipitation in this study area, but the rainy season precipitation abrupt change was mainly observed in 1968.     

Spatiotemporal changes in frequency and intensity of high-temperature events in China during 1961–2014

In this study, we explored spatial patterns and the temporal trends in high-temperature events (HTEs) for the mainland of China during 1961–2014 based on a daily- maximum surface-air-temperature dataset of 494 stations and nonparametric trend detection methods. With three thresholds of 35°C (HTE35), 37°C (HTE37), and 40°C (HTE40), HTEs occurred in 82%, 71%, and 37% of the surveyed stations and showed an overall increasing trend in both frequency and intensity during 1961–2014. In northern and southeastern China, HTEs showed a significant increasing trend in both frequency and intensity, whilst a decreasing trend for both was observed in central China. Despite such regional heterogeneity, HTEs overwhelmingly presented three-phase characteristics in all three representative regions and throughout China; the phases are 1961–1980, 1980–1990, and 1990–2014. Both frequency and intensity of HTEs have strongly increased during 1990–2014 at 54.86%, 48.38%, and 23.28% of the investigated stations for HTE35, HTE37 and HTE40, respectively. These findings implied that HTEs adaptation should be paid further attention in the future over China because the wide spread distribution of HTEs and their increasing trends in both frequency and intensity during recent decades might pose challenges to the sustainability of human society and the ecosystem.     

Lake evolution and its implication for environmental changes in China during 1950–2000

Lakes in China have undergone considerable environmental changes during the past 50 years, e.g. lake level, water area changes, as did in the past several thousands years. The enhanced human activities, such as land reclamation, application of chemical fertilizer, land use and cover, irrigation and industrialization in the catchment etc., have played an important role on the recent decades＇ changes of these lakes, although constrained to a great extent by the natural impact. Comparative study on variations of lake volume （water level, depth and area） in the eastern and western lake regions of China during 1950-2000 indicated that, lake volume in the eastern region had approximately undergone a two-stage change, i.e. a dramatic decrease from the 1950s to 1970s, and a continuous increase between the 1980s and 1990s; while, in the western region, lake volume had been decreasing nearly all the time. Further studies on some typical lakes concluded that, climatic change was a primary factor for the variations of lake volume during the past 50 years, although human activities showed important effect.     

Glacier changes in the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve of China during 2000–2018

The glaciers in the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve of China (SNRC) are a significant water resource for the Yangtze,Yellow,and Mekong rivers.Based on Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) images acquired in 2000,2010,and 2018,the outlines of glaciers in the SNRC were obtained by combining band ratio method with manual interpretation.There were 1714 glaciers in the SNRC in 2018,with an area of 2331.15±54.84 km2,an ice volume of 188.90±6.41 km3,and an average length of 1475.4±15 m.During 2000-2018,the corresponding values of glaciers decreased by 69,271.95±132.06 km2,18.59±8.83 km3,and 84.75±34 m,respectively.Glaciers in the Yangtze River source area witnessed the largest area loss (-154.45 km2),whereas glaciers in the Mekong River source area experienced the fastest area loss (-2.02％·a-1) and the maximum reduction of the average length (-125.82 m).Overall,the retreat of glaciers in the SNRC exhibited an accelerating trend.Especially,the loss rate of glacier area in the Yellow River source area in 2010-2018 was more than twice that in 2000-2010.The glacier change is primarily attributed to the significant rise in temperature during the ablation period.Some other factors including the size,orientation and terminus elevation of glaciers also contributed to the heterogeneity of glacier change.     

Differential changes in precipitation and runoff discharge during 1958–2017 in the headwater region of Yellow River of China

Maintenance of steady streamflow is a critical attribute of the continental river systems for safeguarding downstream ecosystems and agricultural production.Global climate change imposes a potential risk to water supply from the headwater by changing the magnitude and frequency of precipitation and evapotranspiration in the region.To determine if and to what extent the recent climate changes affected streamflow in major river systems,we examined the pattern of temporal variations in precipitation,temperature,evapotranspiration and changes in runoff discharge during 1958–2017 in the headwater region of the Yellow River in northeastern Tibetan Plateau.We identified 1989 as the turning point for a statistically significant 14% reduction in streamflow discharge(P 0.05) for the period 1989–2017 compared with 1958–1988,approximately coinciding with changes in the monthly distribution but not the interannual variations of precipitation,and detected a mismatch between precipitation and runoff after 2000.Both annual precipitation and runoff discharge displayed fourand eight-year cyclic patterns of changes for the period 1958–1988,and a six-year cyclic pattern of changes for the period 1989–2017,with two intensified two-year cyclic patterns in the changes of precipitation and a three-year cyclic pattern in the change of runoff further detected for the later period.Our results indicate that the temporal changes in runoff are not strictly consistent with the temporal variations of precipitation in the headwater region of Yellow River during the period 1958–2017.In particular,a full recovery in annual precipitation was not reflected in a full recovery in runoff toward the end of the study period.While a review of literature yielded no apparent evidence of raised evapotranspiration in the region due to recent warming,we draw attention to increased local retention of rainwater as a possible explanation of differential changes in precipitation and runoff.     

Detecting spatio-temporal changes of arable land and construction land in the Beijing-Tianjin corridor during 2000–2015

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Rapid peri-urbanization has become a new challenge for sustainable urban-rural development worldwide. To clarify how unprecedented urban sprawl at the...     

Change in summer daily precipitation and its relation with air temperature in Northwest China during 1957–2016

On the basis of the summer daily-precipitation meteorological data collected from weather stations across Northwest China from 1957 to 2016, this study evaluated the trends in 12-daily precipitation indices in the summer season and their relations with air temperature. Precipitation-event intensity, which was averaged over the total study area, increased in recent decades although the total precipitation continuously decreased. In particular, intensity generally decreased in the northern and eastern parts and increased in the southern and western parts of the study area. None of the 12 precipitation indices was significantly correlated with temperature in Xinjiang; R95 N(number of events with precipitation greater than the long-term95 th percentile), RX1 day(greatest 1-day total precipitation), PI(simple daily intensity), and R10(number of heavy-precipitation days) were significantly and positively correlated with temperature in Qinghai–Gansu. However, low correlation coefficients were observed. In the Loess Plateau, P(total precipitation), WS(maximum number of consecutive wet days),R95 N, and WD(number of wet days) were significantly and negatively correlated with temperature, whereas Gini(gini concentration index) and DS(maximum number of consecutive dry days) were significantly and positively correlated with temperature. Results of the study suggested that climate shift was evident in terms of daily precipitation, and the study area faced new challenges involving precipitation-event intensity increasing in the southwestern part and unevenly dispersing in the northwest.     

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

1 Introduction Arable land is the core of land resources and its dynamic change seriously affects regional sustainable development. Hebei Province, with a large population, is an agricultural province. With the highspeed economic development, population growth and urbanization, a great amount of arable land has been lost and the land shortage has become more serious. Therefore, arable land change and its driving forces should be studied in order to realize the sustainable agricultural develo…     

Spatiotemporal changes and correlation of the new urbanization and urban-rural income gap in Sichuan Province北大核心CSCD

新型城镇化作为健全区域协调发展体制机制的重要举措,对破解城乡及地区间发展不平衡问题、促进经济高质量发展有重要意义。论文以四川省为研究对象,运用空间自相关分析方法、空间计量模型、门限面板模型,分析2009—2019年新型城镇化和城乡收入差距的时空演化情况,揭示二者的关联关系,检验分析城乡收入差距的其他影响因素。结果显示：(1) 2009—2019年,四川省新型城镇化水平逐年上升,城乡收入差距逐年缩小,各年度城乡收入差距均具有显著的空间关联性,其低值区域主要集聚在成渝经济走廊上,其高值区域主要集聚在川西及东北部秦巴山区。(2)新型城镇化对城乡收入差距存在非线性影响,呈倒“U”型关系,主要原因是新型城镇化与农业现代化的不协调、不同步,当农业现代化水平跨越门槛值后,新型城镇化才会由扩大转为抑制城乡收入差距。(3)地区经济不平衡程度、科技创新水平和人力资本水平也是城乡收入差距的显著影响因素。研究结果可为积极稳妥推动新型城镇化、有效缩小城乡收入差距提供理论依据。     

Lake evolution and its implication for environ-mental changes in China during 1950?2000

Lakes in China have undergone considerable environmental changes during the past 50 years, e.g. lake level, water area changes, as did in the past several thousands years. The enhanced human activities, such as land reclamation, application of chemical fertilizer, land use and cover, irrigation and industrialization in the catchment etc., have played an im-portant role on the recent decades’ changes of these lakes, although constrained to a great extent by the natural impact. Comparative study on variations of lake volume (water level, depth and area) in the eastern and western lake regions of China during 1950–2000 indicated that, lake volume in the eastern region had approximately undergone a two-stage change, i.e. a dramatic decrease from the 1950s to 1970s, and a continuous increase between the 1980s and 1990s; while, in the western region, lake volume had been decreasing nearly all the time. Further studies on some typical lakes concluded that, climatic change was a primary factor for the variations of lake volume during the past 50 years, although human activities showed important effect.     

湖南省近40年来伏旱期气温的时空变化特征分析

利用湖南省29个站近40年(1960-1999年)伏旱期(7-9月份)的气温资料,采用经验正交函数分解法(EOF)和旋转经验正交函数分解法(REOF)分析气温空间变化特征,用气候趋势系数、累积距平和连续功率谱等方法分析气温时间变化特征。结果表明,湖南省伏旱期气温的空间变化具有很好的主体一致性,而且依据空间异常类型可分为湘中区、湘北区、湘西南区、湘南区4个区;从时间演化特征来看,湘南区的江华站与其它3个区的代表性站点在气温变化上有较大差异,即在1989年出现了由冷到暖的突变,之后有比其它站点非常明显的上升趋势,而且有着准22 a的变化周期,与全球的增暖具有一致的趋势。     

湖南省近40年来伏早期气温的时空变化特征分析

利用湖南省29个站近40年（1960-1999年）伏旱期（7-9月份）的气温资料，采用经验正交函数分解法（EOF）和旋转经验正交函数分解法（REOF）分析气温空间变化特征，用气候趋势系数、累积距平和连续功率谱等方法分析气温时间变化特征。结果表明，湖南省伏旱期气温的空间变化具有很好的主体一致性，而且依据空间异常类型可分为湘中区、湘北区、湘西南区、湘南区4个区；从时间演化特征来看，湘南区的江华站与其它3个区的代表性站点在气温变化上有较大差异，即在1989年出现了由冷到暖的突变，之后有比其它站点非常明显的上升趋势，而且有着准22a的变化周期，与全球的增暖具有一致的趋势。     

1960—2009年湖南省暴雨极端事件的气候特征

本文采用湖南省88个地面气象站点1960-2009年的逐日降水资料,运用一元线性回归、M-K突变分析及小波分析等方法分析了湖南省50年来区域暴雨极端事件的时空分布特征及变化趋势。研究表明：过去50年暴雨极端事件增多、强度增大。暴雨极端事件有波动上升的趋势,20世纪60年代和80年代偏少,70年代和90年代偏多;在80年代末到90年代初暴雨极端事件由小变大是一突变现象,且存在2年、5年、7年和21年左右的周期振荡。降水量明显高于平均值的月份集中在4—8月,而暴雨降水量和暴雨总次数明显高于平均值的月份集中在5-8月。降水量湘西地区可能更加少雨,湘北洞庭湖区和湘中部分地区有可能向多雨转变的趋势;湘东和湘南有可能向干旱转变。暴雨降水量、最大日降水量、暴雨次数、暴雨强度和降水集中率在湘中、湘西南和湘西北个别地区可能比原来更少,其余地区均可能增多。     

湖南省耕地动态变化及驱动机制研究

利用1949~1999年的统计和普查数据,分析探讨了湖南省近50年来耕地数量变化及区域差异,并在此基础上进一步探讨了影响耕地数量动态变化的驱动机制。结果表明:50年来,湖南省耕地总体态势逐年下降,耕地变化区域差异显著;经济增长是形成湖南省耕地数量变化的主要宏观驱动因子,耕地快速减少在发生时间上与经济发展的增长基本同步,具体则受固定资产投资规模的牵动;在空间分布上具有与地区间经济发展速度和水平的差异相一致的特点。影响耕地数量动态变化驱动机制具体表现为:非农产业的发展建设与人口城镇化的发展对耕地的冲击,种植业效益下降、耕地利用方向的调整以及管理上的不完善和疏漏等。     

湖南省耕地数量动态变化与经济发展关系研究

该文利用1949—1999年的统计和普查数据。分析湖南省近50a来耕地数量变化及区域差异，并探讨经济、人口等因素对耕地变化形成的机理。结果表明：50a来。湖南省耕地面积逐年减少。耕地变化区域差异显著；经济增长是形成湖南省耕地数量变化的主要宏观驱动因子。耕地减少的发生时间与经济发展的增长基本同步，具体受固定资产投资规模的牵动；在空间分布上具有与地区间经济发展速度和水平差异相一致的特点。     

1970~2008年安徽省气温时空格局变化

采用协同克里格(Co-kriging)指数模型对安徽省1970~2008年平均气温、日极端最高、低气温进行空间插值。结果表明:全省平均日极端最高气温的分布与平均气温分布基本相反,平均日极端最低气温的分布与平均气温分布基本一致,前者反映日极端最高气温时空格局是不稳定的,后者反映日极端最低气温时空格局是稳定的。20世纪全省日极端最低气温具有1970年代低、80年代高、90年代低、21世纪头10年高的年代际变化周期;全省年平均气温和日极端最高气温是70年代升高、80年代下降、90年代和21世纪头10年继续升高,但值得注意的是21世纪头10年代年平均气温增长量比90年代小0.1℃。芜湖、安庆、马鞍山等沿江城市对气温升高贡献率突出,90年代年平均气温和日极端最高气温分别比80年代增加0.7℃和0.25℃,21世纪头10年年平均气温和日极端最高气温分别比90年代增加0.8℃和1.13℃,已超过大别山区相应的增长量一倍以上。     

1960~2014年河南极端气温事件时空演变分析

基于河南1960~2014年18个气象台站逐日最高温、最低温、平均气温实测数据,采用线性趋势、相关分析等方法,根据选取的16个极端气温指数,分析了河南省极端气温变化趋势和空间差异,探讨了极端气温指数的影响因素以及与该区气候变化的关系。结果表明：① 河南近55 a来日最高气温的极小值、最低气温的极大/小值、暖昼/夜日数、夏季日数、热夜日数、暖持续日数、生物生长季呈现增大/加趋势;日最高气温的极大值、冷昼/夜日数、冰/霜冻日数、冷持续日数和气温日较差呈现减小/少趋势。② 极端最低气温的变暖主要发生在黄淮海平原区、豫西南南阳盆地以及豫南桐柏山-大别山山地丘陵区;而极端最高气温的变暖则主要发生在豫西山地丘陵区。③ 与中国其他地区相比,河南极端气温近55 a的变化速率较慢,低温出现的日数显著减少;但近20 a来大部分极端气温指数的变化速率均提高了2倍多,表明该区极端气温进入了加速变化阶段。④ 相关分析表明河南极端气温指数变化可以指示该区气候变化,且地形条件是该区极端气温空间变化的控制因素。     

利用树木年轮重建阿勒泰地区1572—2014年初夏平均温度

利用阿勒泰地区3个高海拔西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica)采样点的树轮样本,建立树轮宽度区域标准化年表(DKH).通过相关普查发现,DKH年表与阿勒泰地区7个气象站当年6月平均温度显著相关,相关系数为0.705(P<0.00001),表明6月平均温度是影响树木年轮径向生长的主要气候限制因子.用DKH年表可较...     

湖南省区域干旱模糊评价

本文采用湖南省80个地面气象站点1970-2005年的月降水、蒸发资料,河道来水量资料和农作物受旱面积资料,运用模糊综合评价、M-K突变及小波分析等方法分析了湖南省36年来区域干旱的时间变化特征。选用降水距平百分率、蒸发降水比、河道来水量和农业受旱面积组成区域干旱评级指标体系,将干旱分为由湿润到特大干旱9个等级,建立模糊综合评价模型,确定旱涝的等级。在1970-2005年期间,特大干旱年共发生了5年,严重干旱年发生了2年,中等干旱年发生了6年,轻度干旱发生了3年。过去36年湖南省综合干旱指标呈微弱增加趋势,其中1970年代和1990年代处于湿润时期,1980年代处于干旱时期,进入21世纪后有变干的趋势。综合指标于1990年代初有一个由干向湿的转变过程,且存在3年、6年和16年三个时间特征尺度。2005年之后小波系数仍将是负值,表明未来若干年湖南将仍处于干旱期,之后可能进入一个湿润期。     

湖南省旅游饭店业的优势特征比较

利用1999²003年有关统计资料,运用经典的经济基础研究方法,在全国31个省（市、自治区）及省内各市、州比较中对湖南省旅游饭店业的优势特征进行了研究,其主要结论是:（1）湖南旅游饭店业近几年得到稳步快速发展,已进入全国旅游饭店业大省行列。（2）湖南省旅游饭店业还没有成为国民经济的基础部门,在全国的地位依然很低。（3）湖南省旅游饭店业地区发展不平衡,长沙市远远领先于其他市、州,张家界市紧随其后,永州等旅游资源大市的旅游饭店业发展相对滞后,已制约了旅游业的快速发展。（4）长沙市作为湖南省的省会,其旅游中心地的作用还没有很好地体现。最后,提出了进一步发展湖南省旅游饭店业的一些建议。