乌蒙山区毕节市耕地土壤养分丰缺评价及其变化趋势

碱浸脱硅处理高硅铝土矿时,会产生大量的含硅碱液,要实现其循环利用,需对含硅碱液进行脱硅。本文分别以初始硅渣、焙烧硅渣、硅渣与石灰混合为脱硅剂,对比考查含硅碱液的脱硅效果,并分析脱硅机理。结果表明,当添加25g/L的初始硅渣时,脱硅率仅为47.96%;将硅渣在600℃焙烧后,脱硅率提升至66.67%。焙烧后的硅渣明显提升了脱硅活性,当混合添加25g/L焙烧硅渣和钙硅比为1的CaO,脱硅率达到93%,主要是硅渣作为异相成核的晶核 ,在脱硅过程中的晶体生长以及CaO的协同脱硅作用,混合添加焙烧渣和CaO的高脱硅能力为氧化铝工业生产提供了再循环脱硅剂,并为含硅碱液的循环利用提供了可能性。     

高掺量粉煤灰固结材料的矿物组成及微观结构研究

采用化学成分、X衍射和电子显微镜分析等方法研究了高掺量粉煤灰固结材料的矿物组成及微观结构。结果表明 ,其矿物组成主要是 3Al2 O3 ·2SiO2 和硅铝酸盐的胶凝物相 ,具有较大孔径的多孔结构特征 ,与水泥混凝土的矿物组成和微观结构有较大不同 ;粉煤灰的掺量、养护龄期对水化产物的生成量有直接影响 ;固结剂掺量大于 2 0 %时 ,粉煤灰和固结剂全部反应形成多孔状的胶凝体水化产物     

油页岩提硅渣铝溶出实验研究

针对提取氧化硅后的油页岩灰渣,对改良碱石灰烧结法提取氧化铝过程中的铝溶出进行了实验研究,主要探讨了烧结温度、烧结时间、碱铝比及钙硅比对烧结熟料中的物相特点及铝溶出率的影响。运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对烧结熟料进行的物相分析结果显示,主要物相为铝酸钠(NaAlO₂)和硅酸钙钠(Na₂CaSiO₄)。烧结实验结果表明,当烧结温度为1 150℃,保温时间为1.5 h,碱铝比为1.0,钙硅比为1.0时,烧结熟料中氧化铝的标准溶出率可达94%。     

柴北缘沙柳河榴辉岩岩石学及年代学初步研究

柴达木盆地北缘东端沙柳河一带榴辉岩呈布丁构造赋存在新元古代末期花岗片麻岩中 ,榴辉岩主要由石榴石、绿辉石和金红石等矿物组成 ,石榴石含有 38%～ 4 4 %的铁铝榴石、2 2 %～ 2 3%的钙铝榴石和 31%～ 38%的镁铝榴石分子 ,绿辉石含有 35 %～ 38%硬玉分子。榴辉岩变质作用过程可分为三个阶段 ,第一阶段可能为绿帘角闪岩相 ,形成了残留在石榴石中的绿帘石 +角闪石早期矿物组合 ;第二阶段为榴辉岩相 ,形成了绿辉石 +石榴石 +金红石矿物共生组合 ,其温压条件为 :T =730℃ ,P >1.6Gpa ,代表了强烈俯冲时期 ;第三阶段为高角闪岩相 ,形成了普通辉石 +角闪石 +斜长石矿物共生组合 ,其温压条件为 :T =6 70℃ ,P =0 .3～ 0 .5Gpa。变质作用演化及P -T -t轨迹反映了其地球动力学过程是板块碰撞模式。榴辉岩的颗粒锆石U -Pb年龄 (484± 3)Ma可能代表榴辉岩相变质年龄。研究表明柴北缘存在一条早古生代的高压碰撞带     

铝土矿脱硅微生物的定向筛选及脱硅性能

利用铝硅酸盐矿物为能源的硅酸盐细菌选择性分离培养基,对从鄱阳湖地区不同性质土壤中筛选出了 18 株拟溶硅菌 种进行实验。通过对其产酸、产多糖、形成细菌-矿物复合体与溶硅能力的测定,定向筛选出P04与P17两株环状芽孢杆菌, 并以中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心环状芽孢杆菌 CGMCC1.0153(编号为 P19)(Bacillus circulans)为参照菌株,对其表型形态、 生理生化特性及脱硅效果进行了研究。结果表明:与其它菌种比较,这两株菌种具有较强的产酸、产多糖与溶硅能力,在 培养基中能形成明显的细菌-矿物复合体;通过与模式菌株的表型形态与生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因鉴定结果比较,可 认为 P04 与 P17 是环状芽孢杆菌;在实验条件下,P04,P17 与 P19 对铝土矿均有一定的脱硅能力,浸矿 12d 后,浸出上清液 中SiO2最大含量分别为54.26,42.78,47.98 mg/L,铝土矿的A/S从浸出前的5.17分别提高到10.99,7.61和8.90。表明具有 较强产酸、产多糖能力并能形成明显细菌 - 矿物复合体的环状芽孢杆菌的脱硅能力较强。     

石榴石微量元素地球化学及其在沉积物源分析中的应用

石榴石是沉积物中常见的重矿物,其可来源于多种岩石,而且不同类型母岩中石榴石具有多样的地球化学组成,因此碎屑石榴石的地球化学分析在沉积物源研究中应用广泛。通过电子探针分析可以容易地获得单颗粒碎屑石榴石的主量元素地球化学组成,可借此探讨其母岩类型,但也存在一定的局限性,比如中酸性火成岩和部分变沉积岩来源的石榴石通常都具有高Fe、Mn的特征,不易于区分。本文系统地收集了不同岩石类型的石榴石微量元素数据,尝试利用微量元素地球化学的差异性对碎屑石榴石物源分析进行补充。最终得出以下结论:(1)石榴石的稀土元素(REE)组成与钇(Y)元素指标可区分中酸性火成岩和变沉积岩来源的碎屑石榴石;(2)基性岩(橄榄岩、辉石岩)及所对应的变基性岩石(榴辉岩)中石榴石的微量元素地球化学组成相近,但部分橄榄岩来源的石榴石在镨/钬(Pr_N/Ho_N)值和重稀土总量(ΣHREE含量)上与辉石岩和榴辉岩的有显著差别,这一特点可运用于以基性岩母岩为主的碎屑沉积物源研究中;(3)夕卡岩中的石榴石在主量元素地球化学组成上表现为高度一致的高Ca特征,而稀土元素组成具有两种典型的分配模式,岩浆型(指示富铁、氧化环境)与热液型(指示富铝、还原环境)。综上所述,石榴石微量元素地球化学可以有效地运用于沉积物源分析研究中,是其主量元素物源分析方法的重要补充。     

煤系高岭岩焙烧脱硅工艺及其动力学研究

研究了煤系高岭岩的焙烧活化脱硅过程,分析了助剂对脱硅反应的影响机理并提出了煤系高岭岩的熘烧活化脱硅工艺。对煤系高岭岩的脱硅动力学进行了研究,得出在相应的工艺条件下煤系高岭岩的脱硅反应可按“收缩的未反应核模型”处理,并导出了动力学方程。     

中国东部上地幔岩石相转变及其意义

中国东部新生代玄武岩和大别-苏鲁超高压变质带中的含石榴石相橄榄岩, 带来了发生在上地幔的尖晶石→石榴石相转变和铝辉石→贫铝辉石+石榴石的重要信息, 为中国东部上地幔岩石结构分层奠定了重要基础.通过岩石学与实验岩石学的研究, 推导出发生相转变的P-T条件, 为建立中国东部大陆上地幔岩石分层结构提供了重要约束.尖晶石二辉橄榄岩向石榴石二辉橄榄岩相转变发生在55~70km, 随着深度增加, 石榴石二辉橄榄岩从富铝石榴石二辉橄榄岩(70~120km) 转变为贫铝石榴石二辉橄榄岩(> 120~150km).      

碎屑石榴石地球化学物源分析与解释:粒度的影响

单矿物地球化学分析是沉积物源分析研究的重要手段,运用广泛。沉积物中碎屑矿物的粒度组成,即水动力分选作用,是否影响到基于这种方法的物源解释,目前尚不清楚且受到的关注不多。通过研究柴达木盆地北缘地区第三系沉积物中的680颗碎屑石榴石(0.068~0.557 mm)的主量元素地球化学组成数据,解释了不同粒度的碎屑石榴石物源。结果显示,0.063~ 0.125 mm的碎屑石榴石的地球化学结果中Fe^2+与Mn^2+含量更高,表明其母岩的变质结晶程度较弱,故物源解释结果更可能为中—低级角闪岩相变沉积岩,而其他粒径的碎屑石榴石Ca^2+与Mg^2+含量更高,这说明其物源区的温压条件较前者高,因而物源解释结果为低级变质相,中酸性火成岩,榴辉岩等宽泛结果。这种碎屑石榴石粒度差异导致的地球化学组成的不同,说明碎屑石榴石的颗粒大小在一定程度上会影响物源解释结果。因此,在进行单矿物地球化学物源研究时,选取特定粒径(0.063~ 0.125 mm或0.125~ 0.25 mm)组成的碎屑矿物进行分析,可以消除水动力分选作用的影响,有助于获得更为准确的物源解释结果。     

集宁—张家口地区变质岩中石榴石和黑云母的化学成分及其结晶条件

本文对该区26个石榴石和15个黑云母进行了成分分析,并探讨了共存石榴石和黑云母矿物中对Fe和Mg等主要元素的分配规律,其结果表明二者接近达到化学平衡。同时,本文对比了不同学者提出的石榴石—黑云母地质温压计,通过综合分析认为本区麻粒岩相的变质结晶的温压条件为800±50℃和10kb;角闪岩相结晶的温压条件为750±50℃和8kb。     

Desilication veins in the Cadillac Mountain granite (Maine, USA): a record of reversals in the SiO2 solubility of H2O-rich vapour released during subsolidus cooling

Late-stage hydrous fluids, which evolved during the cooling of the Cadillac Mountain granite, Maine, USA, produced narrow veins that transect the pluton. The vein margins contain microstructures transitional between granite and the vein centre. They preserve the vestige shapes of original Na-rich alkali feldspar crystals that have been pseudomorphed by cordierite+quartz+K-rich alkali feldspar. Closer to the centres of the veins, the minerals change from an outer zone with cordierite, hercynitic–galaxite spinel, minor corundum, K-feldspar and plagioclase to an inner zone with remnant cordierite, hercynitic gahnite, strongly zoned almandine–spessartine garnet, chlorite and quartz. Three allochemical reactions are inferred to have occurred with the influx of hydrous fluids during the replacement process. Reaction (1) is Na-rich alkali feldspar+iron ions in solution=Fe-cordierite+quartz+K-feldspar+sodium ions in solution. Reactions (2) and (3) occurred during desilication. Reaction (2) is Fe-cordierite=hercynite+silica in solution, and reaction (3) is Fe-cordierite+water=corundum+iron hydroxide in solution+silicic acid in solution. Two independent techniques, experimental silica-solubility data and spinel–cordierite thermobarometry, constrain the conditions of vein formation to c.   1.0  kbar and both methods indicate that the progressive mineral reactions occurred during cooling of the hydrous fluids from c. 775° to 400–340  °C. This cooling trend is consistent with the petrographic evidence, which demonstrates that reactions occurred before desilication, during desilication, and then diminished with a final phase of resilication. Although the veins are minor features of the Cadillac Mountain granite, they provide insight into the conditions that prevailed during cooling of the pluton, and similar features may be important for constraining the cooling history of shallow-level plutonic complexes elsewhere.     

利用粉煤灰制备高强矿物聚合材料的实验研究

以粉煤灰和内蒙古白云鄂博的富钾板岩提钾后的硅铝质滤渣为粉体原料,标准砂为骨料,采用振动成型方法,在90 ℃下养护24 h,制备了矿物聚合材料。实验结果显示：制品的7 d饱水抗压强度达78.5 MPa,28 d饱水抗压强度可达89.0 MPa;制品的含水率和吸水率分别为5.3%和15.0%;在20 ℃下,制品在浓度为1.0 mol/L的硫酸溶液中浸泡24 h,其质量损失率为2.1%。以制品的抗压强度为指标,研究了主要因素（提钾滤渣比例、固液质量比、硅酸钠含量和标准砂含量）对制品性能的影响。结果表明：干燥的提钾滤渣在粉体物料中的比例对制品的力学性能影响最大;硅酸钠水玻璃在液相中的比例约为70%,且标准砂占固相的比例为70%左右时,可制得力学性能良好的矿物聚合材料。矿物聚合材料的固结过程为：硅铝质原料在碱硅酸盐溶液中先分解为铝硅酸盐低聚体,低聚体再通过脱羟基聚合反应生成铝硅酸盐胶体相,进一步形成由[SiO₄]^4- 和[AlO₄]^5-四面体相互连接的具有三维网络结构的矿物聚合材料基体相,从而赋予制品良好的力学性能。     

活性炭吸附-碘量法测定金矿石中金的不确定度评定

根据测量不确定度的评定方法,对活性炭吸附-碘量法测定金矿石中的金进行不确定度评定。实验样品从低温升至650℃灼烧2 h除硫,用50%(体积分数)的王水溶解1 h,经活性炭动态吸附抽滤,将载金炭灰化复溶,用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定,该方法简便、快速、实用性强。测量结果的不确定度由滴定样品消耗的硫代硫酸钠标准工作溶液体积、硫代硫酸钠对金的滴定度、称量质量、重复测定等不确定度分量组成。对各个不确定度分量进行分析并量化,合成得到测量结果的标准不确定度,换算成扩展不确定度。通过评定不确定度主要是由硫代硫酸钠对金的滴定度引入。     

锰三角地区电解锰压滤渣高温可控脱硫生产活性微粉项目经济效益与社会效益分析

电解锰压滤渣是工业生产金属锰过程中采用湿法酸浸电解工艺产生的一种工业废渣。这种传统的废渣处理处置方式,极易造成严重的环境污染和地质灾害的发生。本次研究将电解锰压滤渣通过焙烧生产活性微粉、产生的脱硫烟气制硫酸,是一种能有效解决电解锰压滤渣处理处置和综合利用的方法。本文对"锰三角"地区拟建20万吨电解锰压滤渣焙烧生产活性微粉、脱硫烟气制硫酸生产示范线项目,进行了区域市场调研,对项目的经济效益与社会效益进行分析。该项目年均可实现销售收入4162.7万元,为当地循环经济和锰产业可持续发展探索了一条新的出路。     

Heat capacities of aqueous sodium hydroxide/aluminate mixtures and prediction of the solubility constant of boehmite up to 300 °C

A modified commercial (Setaram C80) calorimeter has been used to measure the isobaric volumetric heat capacities of concentrated alkaline sodium aluminate solutions at ionic strengths from 1 to 6 mol kg⁻¹, with up to 40 mol.% substitution of hydroxide by aluminate, at temperatures from 50 to 300 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa. Apparent molar heat capacities for the mixtures, C_p?, derived from these data were found to depend linearly on the aluminate substitution level, i.e., they followed Young’s rule. These quantities were used to estimate the apparent molar heat capacities of pure, hypothetical sodium aluminate solutions, C_p? (‘NaAl(OH)₄’(aq)). Slopes of the Young’s rule plots were invariant with ionic strength at a given temperature but depended linearly on temperature. The heat capacities of ternary aqueous sodium hydroxide/aluminate mixtures could therefore be modelled using only two parameters in addition to those needed for the correlation of C_p? (NaOH(aq)) reported previously from these laboratories. An assessment of the standard thermodynamic quantities for boehmite, gibbsite and the aluminate ion yielded a set of recommended values that, together with the present heat capacity data, accurately predicts the solubility of gibbsite and boehmite at temperatures up to 300 °C.     

A Raman spectroscopic study of glasses along the joins silica-calcium aluminate,silica-sodium aluminate,and silica-potassium aluminate

Aluminosilicate glasses with compositions along the joins silica-calcium aluminate, silica sodium aluminate and silica-potassium aluminate have been prepared by conventional and solar melting techniques and studied by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of crystalline calcium aluminate, anorthite and silica polymorphs are discussed in relation to their crystal structures, and compared with the spectra of the corresponding glasses. The glass and crystal spectra are generally comparable, suggesting similar vibrational structures. These crystals have structures based on tetrahedral aluminosilicate frameworks, and a similar molecular structure is suggested for the glasses, although it is noted that the Raman spectra do not directly characterize the aluminate polyhedra. Within the three glass series, our interpretation of the unresolved high-frequency bands shows the appearance of discrete bands near 1120, 1000, 930 and 890 cm^?1 as the silica content is decreased. This is compared with the behaviour of high-frequency bands in simple silicate systems, and used to suggest that the four bands in the aluminosilicate systems are due to stretching vibrations of silicate tetrahedra bound to one, two, three and four aluminium atoms. The spectra of calcium, sodium, potassium and lithium aluminosilicate glasses with similar silica contents are compared, and interpreted by the above model. This is used to construct a simple model for the effect of metal cation on aluminosilicate molecular groups in the glass structure, consistent with the results of calorimetric studies on similar systems.     

微晶白云母活性填料的铝酸酯表面改性研究

以微晶白云母为研究对象,铝酸酯DL-411-D为改性剂,研究探讨微晶白云母铝酸酯表面改性工艺务件及其表征方法。经粘度和红外光谱研究证实粘度测试法是确定铝酸酯改性微晶白云母偶联剂用量的有效方法;铝酸酯偶联剂改性微晶白云母工艺简单,偶联剂用量低,不需使用稀释剂,成本低,效果好;改性后的微晶白云母在有机介质中的分散性得到显著提高,因而可大幅度提高其在高聚物中的填充量,降低复合材料的成本。实验结果还表明,铝酸酯改性微晶白云母后,没有发现化学结合的新证据,而更多地显示出物理包覆的特征。     

Adsorption of chromium and copper in aqueous solutions using tea residue

In this study, adsorption of copper and chromium was investigated by residue of brewed tea (Tea Waste) from aqueous solutions at various values of pH. It was shown that adsorbent dose, copper and chromium ion concentrations in such solutions influence the degree of these heavy metal ions’ obviation. The adsorption level of the prepared solutions was measured by visible spectrophotometer. The tea residue adsorbed copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions at initial solution pH by 25 % and 3 %, respectively. During the experiments the peak adsorption occured in hydrated copper nitrate aqueous solution at pH range of 5–6. Likewise the maximum adsorption appeared in potassium chromate aqueous solution at pH range of 2–3. In addition, tea residue adsorbed about 60 mg/g of copper (II) ion at pH=5, while chromium adsorption was registered at about 19 mg/g at pH=2. The data obtained at the equilibrium state, was compared with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that regarding the kinetics of adsorption, the uptake of copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions by tea residue was comparatively faster, with the adsorption process exhaustion completed within the first 20 min of the experiments. Furthermore, results revealed that adsorption data concerning the kinetic phase is closely correlated with a pseudo-second order model with R²> 0.99 for copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions     

钼精矿中铀的测定

酸法溶矿,加入氨水,钼形成（NH4）2MoO4、铜形成络离子：[Cu（NH4）4]2＋留在溶液里,过滤除去钼、铜。滤渣经2%盐酸溶解,铅与残渣留在滤纸上,铁等金属元素与铀以离子形式存在滤液中。在滤液中加入EDTA,用氨水调节溶液的酸度,控制溶液的pH=7±0.5,铀以（NH4）2U2O7形式沉淀,铁形成Fe（OH）Y络离子,过滤分离。该方法的加入标准回收率为98.8%～101.4%。