海南乐东抱伦金矿金矿物的特征研究

通过光学显微镜观察、X射线衍射和电子探针分析,对海南乐东抱伦金矿金矿物的特征进行研究,结果表明：矿石中主要金属矿物为黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿,其次为黄铜矿、闪锌矿、毒砂、和方铅矿等;而脉石矿物则主要为石英、白云母和绢云母,其次为方解石、绿泥石和伊利石等。矿石中的金主要以自然金矿物形式产出,颗粒大小在1μm～35μm之间,多呈孤岛状及其他不规则形状,充填在石英以及黄铁矿等硫化物矿物颗粒之间,少量以包裹体形式包裹在硫化物、石英矿物晶体之中。金矿物化学组成分析结果表明,金的质量分数均在92％以上,其他元素含量甚微,其成色在942～978之间。根据自然金矿物的高成色特征可以推断,金矿物形成于较深的部位。此外,在与自然金矿物共生的黄铁矿中,含有较高的微量元素Co和Ni,且Co／Ni比值多大于1,说明成矿物质与深部岩浆作用有关。成矿物质与硫化物、二氧化硅等一同向上运移,当流体物理化学条件（如温度、压力）发生变化时而沉积富集,石英的结晶稍早于硫化物矿物,而硫化物矿物与金矿物的结晶基本上是同时的。     

红色粘土型金矿成因矿物学特征

红色粘土型金矿是表生湿热气候条件下含金基岩经不彻底的红土化作用而形成的一种新类型金矿床。以云南上芒岗、贵州老万场和湖北蛇屋山金矿为例 ,对红色粘土型金矿的成因矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,表生成因的高岭石 +伊利石 +针铁矿 +自然金组合可作为该类型金矿的标型矿物组合 ;高岭石的 ( 0 0 1 ) X射线衍射峰半高宽可作为标型特征反映介质的酸性程度和硅、铝的饱和程度 ,进而指示金的富集部位 ;针铁矿中的铝置换率可反映红土化程度和粘土中的含水量 ,进而指示古潜水面的位置 ;金的粒度、形态和赋存状态可反映金的迁移富集程度和富集机制。     

石英脉型金矿的石英成因矿物学与找矿矿物学特征

对金矿区石英的形态、成分、热发光、包裹体、红外谱的研究，可推测成矿热液来源方向，矿区剥蚀程度，以及矿区深部是否有远景。白桦岭石英脉型金矿中的石英假六方晶形、杂质含量高、热发光积分强度大、并且多峰、包裹体的爆裂脉冲数大并具多峰、红外吸收谱向低频偏移大为富矿标志。     

小秦岭金矿田辉碲铋矿矿物学特征

对小秦岭金矿田石英脉型金矿床中辉碲铋矿的产出特征，物理光学性质，化学成分进行了比较系统的研究，对矿物的显微硬度，反射率色散值以及化学成分进行了精确测定，提供了可靠的测试数据。     

石英脉型金矿的石英成因矿物学与找矿矿物不特征

对金矿区石英的形态、成分、热发光、包裹体、红外谱的研究，可推测成矿热液来源方向，矿区剥蚀程度，以及矿区深部是否有远景。白桦岭石英脉型金矿中的石英假六方晶形、杂质含量高、热发光积分强度大、并且多峰、包裹体的爆裂脉冲数大并具多峰、红外吸收谱向低频偏移大为富矿标志。     

海南岛燕山晚期典型侵入岩成因矿物学研究及其地质意义

分析了海南岛燕山晚期典型的屯昌岩体、千家岩体和保城岩体中的钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石的化学成分和成因特点。结果表明:(1)多数钾长石晶体的Or含量<90,具岩浆结晶成因特征。大部分斜长石属奥长石-中长石,An含量与岩石的SiO2成负相关关系,显示岩浆发生了较高程度的结晶分异作用。(2)黑云母为镁质黑云母,主要为岩浆结晶成因,部分为耐熔残余。角闪石均为钙质角闪石类,既有岩浆成因角闪石,也有次生交代成因角闪石,以相对贫铝、富镁、(Na+K)A低为显著特点。(3)岩体最终定位深度可能≤3.3km,温度≥750°C,具深源、高温、浅侵位特征。     

浙江金鸡岩金矿床中银金矿与黄铁矿的成因矿物学特征及其地质意义

摘 要　 金鸡岩金矿床中银金矿的形态不规则‚粒度细‚成色低。黄铁矿的金含量和砷含量 分别为17∙93×10 —6 和5143×10 —6 （均为平均值）‚其 Au／Ag、Co／Ni、S／Se 和As／（Co＋Ni）比 值分别为0∙195、1∙53、1∙45×10 4 和199∙34。同时‚矿区出现的黄铁矿都为单一 P 型黄铁 矿‚其热电动势 （V p ） 主要集中于30～50mV。所有这些资料都表明‚金鸡岩金矿床具有与 中—大型浅成低温火山热液型金矿床相似的特征‚现已发现的矿段可能属矿体的上部‚因此 在该金矿的深部有可能找到下部金矿体。     

Geology and inclusion studies on the genesis of the Baolun gold deposit in Hainan Province,South China

The late Triassic Baolun gold deposit hosted by Silurian phyllites is a large‐scale high‐grade gold deposit in Hainan Island, South China. The ores can be classified into quartz‐vein dominated type and less altered rock type. Three mineralization stages were recognized by mineral assemblages. The early stage, as the most important mineralization stage, is characterized by a quartz–native gold assemblage. The muscovite?quartz?pyrite?native gold assemblage is related to the intermedium mineralization stage. In late mineralization stage, native gold and Bi‐bearing minerals are paragenetic minerals. Microthermometry analyses show that the early mineralization stage is characterized by two types of fluid inclusions, including CO₂‐rich inclusions (C‐type) and aqueous inclusions (W‐type). C‐type inclusions homogenize at 276–335°C with an averaged value of 306°C and have salinities of 1.0–10.0 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 4.9 wt% NaCl equivalent). W‐type inclusions homogenize at 252–301°C (mean value of 278°C) with salinity of 4.0–9.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.4 wt% NaCl equivalent). In intermedium mineralization stage, C‐type and W‐type inclusions homogenize at 228–320°C (mean value of 283°C) and 178–296°C (mean value of 241°C), with salinities of 2.4–9.9 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 6.5 wt% NaCl equivalent) and 3.7–11.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent), respectively. No suitable mineral, such as quartz or calcite, was found for fluid inclusion study from late mineralization stage. In contrast, only aqueous inclusions were found from post‐ore barren veins, which yielded lower homogenization temperatures ranging from 168–241°C (mean value of 195°C) and similar salinities (2.6–12.6 wt% NaCl equivalent with averaged value of 7.2 wt% NaCl equivalent). The different homogenization temperatures and similar salinities of C‐type and W‐type from each mineralization stage indicate that fluid immiscibility and boiling occurred. The Baolun gold deposit was precipitated from a CO₂‐bearing mesothermal fluid, and formed at a syn‐collision environment following the closure of the Paleo‐Tethys.     

Structural analysis of the Baolun gold deposit,Hainan Island,South China: Implications for metallogeny

The Baolun gold deposit is a mesothermal orogenic gold deposit located in the southwestern part of Hainan Island, South China. The deposit comprises a series of NNW-trending quartz-sulfide lodes situated within a parallel array of fault zones traversing a sequence of variably foliated flysch siliciclastic rocks of the Lower Silurian. Detailed field mapping documented at least five phases of deformation in the deposit including NNW-trending folding of the Lower Silurian rocks (D1), development of NNW-trending, steeply dipping ductile shear zones with an oblique dextral sense corresponding to NNE-SSW shortening (D2), WNW-ESE shortening and extension associated with an early oblique sinistral ductile shearing along the NNW-trending fault zones (D3), ENE-WSW shortening (D4), and near N-S extension (D5). The gold-bearing quartz lodes cut the strata folded in the D1, show some laminar layering related to ductile shear in the D2 and are overprinted by brittle structures formed in the D3 to D5. ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating on muscovite from an auriferous quartz lode yielded an age of 242 ± 2.5 Ma, which, together with the age of 232 ± 2.5 Ma for an aplite vein in the deposit, suggests that the mineralization may be related to a tectono-thermal event in the Triassic. In the context of the southern South China plate tectonics, the formation of the Baolun gold deposit is interpreted to be related to the oblique dextral ductile shearing (D2) along the NNW-trending fault zones during the Indosinian orogeny, in relation to the convergence between the Indochina and South China plates.     

海南抱伦金矿床成矿时代研究

抱伦金矿床是海南省新近发现的大型金矿床之一，属于发育于下志留统陀烈组浅变质岩系中受断裂构造裂隙控制的岩浆热液型金矿床。成矿流体包裹体特征和氢氧同位素研究表明，成矿流体以岩浆水为主，有部分变质水的参与，大气降水影响比较小；成矿元素地球化学背景、硫同位素、稀土元素和初始锶比值等反映成矿物质来源虽然以变质岩为主，但有部分来源于岩浆岩；成矿物质和成矿流体来源反映出成矿作用与岩浆活动的密切关系。由热液蚀变矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄234Ma和K－Ar年龄213Ma可知，金矿化年龄为210－230Ma，所以，抱化金矿床的成矿时代为印支期。这一结果与粤西－海南成矿带的成矿时代特征及特提斯构造演化特点相吻合。     

海南抱伦金矿床控矿构造特征及其对金矿化的控制作用

抱伦金矿床是海南省新近发现的大型金矿床之一，属于成生于印支期受构造控制的岩浆热液型金矿床。矿区出露下志留统陀烈组浅变质岩系与白垩系红色碎屑岩，西北侧分布印支期花岗岩。北北东向豪岗岭断裂与其上盘的北北西向断裂破碎带组成矿区基本构造格架。磁组构分析显示矿区千枚岩以压扁变形占绝对优势，主压应力近东西向，矿化热事件前的构造变形较强，矿化之后的构造变形较弱。矿化期构造应力场为近东西向拉伸(主压应力近南北向)。北北西向断裂破碎带是主要赋矿(含矿)构造，对矿体的空间分布、形态产状起重要的控制作用。     

Geology and Mineralogy of the Baolun Hydrothermal Gold Deposit in the Hainan Island, South China

Abstract. The Baolun quartz vein type Au deposit, is located at the southwestern Hainan Island. It occurs next to a Triassic ilmenite-series/S-type syenogranite complex. A ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age for muscovite from the master orebody is dated to be 219.4±0.6 Ma, suggesting that the gold deposit genetically related to the granite pluton. In the Baolun mining area, orebodies of auriferous quartz vein and wall rock alteration occur in NNW-striking fracture zones hosted by weakly metamorphosed turbidite of the Lower Silurian age. Eight fracture zones, 400∼1300 m long and 10∼30 m wide, have been identified. The five fracture zones of them form orebodies. The ores are mainly of quartz vein type. More than 20 orebodies in shapes of vein and lens of 195∼751 m in length and 0.20∼7.49 m in thickness are known, and 14 of them occur in the No. 1 vein belt. Silicification, sericitization and pyritization are closely related to the Au mineralization. The ores exhibit commonly 1.54∼29.48 g/t in Au grade, partially >98 g/t. The master orebody is 720 m long and 2.62 m thick in average, with 9.53∼29.27 g/t Au. Gold reserves of more than 70 t have been proven by geological exploration. More than 20 metallic minerals including native gold and sulfides such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and others are identified to be formed in four ore-forming stages: (1) Au-coarse grain quartz stage, (2) Au-fine grained quartz stage, (3) Au-bismuthide-bismuth sulfosalt-sulfide-quartz stage, and (4) calcite-sulfide-quartz stage. The Au mineralization in this deposit occurred mainly in the first three stages. A variety of Bi- and Te-bearing minerals is closely associated with native gold suggesting that the mineralization may take place in a relatively high temperature.     

海南抱伦矿区构造变形、成矿时代与金矿化关系研究

抱伦金矿床位于海南岛西南部乐东县境内,是一个以石英脉型为主的大型金矿床。野外地质调查表明,矿区大致经历了三期构造变形:早期(D1)NE向褶皱,中期(D2)NNW向褶皱和剪切变形,晚期(D3)脆性断层和节理。其中,中期的NNW向右行剪切变形为金矿体的赋存提供了主要空间,金矿化主要发生于三个不同的阶段,以第一阶段(自然金-Q2石英阶段)最为重要,形成了大量自然金,为主要矿化阶段。对切割矿体的细晶岩脉中锆石的定年研究表明,抱伦金矿化主要与印支期尖峰岭花岗岩浆活动有关,而与燕山晚期岩浆活动关系不大。     

海南尖峰岭花岗岩体的形成时代、成因及其与抱伦金矿的关系

尖峰岭复式岩基主要由尖峰岭超单元的中粗粒似斑状、细粒似斑状、粗中粒及细粒黑云母正长花岗岩组成.该超单元富硅、富钾、弱过铝-准铝质,碱度率较高,属碱性系列.总体上富含Rb、Cs、Th、U、Pb、Zr、Hf、Y等微量元素,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti和适度亏损Nb、Ta.轻重稀土分异较明显,(La/Yb)N=8.29～30.36;中等-强烈亏损Eu,δEu=0.43～0.05;早期单元稀土元素含量高而晚期单元明显降低.(87Sr/86Sr)i和T2DM较高,分别为0.71658～0.71703和1639～1709Ma;而εNd(t)值较低,为-7.59～-8.46.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法获得其结晶年龄为249±5Ma.尖峰岭超单元的成因类型介于S型和铝质A型花岗岩之间,并且类似于高热(HHP)花岗岩,是在早三叠世后造山环境岩石圈拆沉、热软流圈上涌的动力学机制下,地壳变杂砂岩或变砂屑岩受到幔源流体富集后发生部分熔融的产物.熔融温度大约为770～790℃,压力约(10～12.5)×108Pa(相当于深约34～42km).熔体侵位后发生过较强的结晶分异作用.岩体内部降温至约300℃的时代(221～209Ma)与其外接触带上抱伦金矿的成矿时代(220～200Ma)相一致,比岩体结晶年龄晚了约30～40Ma.岩体内部长期保持中高温环境,有利于形成热水溶液对流循环系统而成矿.但该岩体主要是为金成矿作用提供了热动力,而不是主要提供了热液流体和矿质,因此,将抱伦金矿称为"与高热花岗岩伴生的热液型矿床"更恰当.     

海南抱伦金矿区辉绿岩脉的成因及其对金成矿的启示

海南抱伦金矿区的金矿脉与大量辉绿岩脉在空间上紧密相关。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文对这些辉绿岩脉开展了岩相学和矿相学观察、全岩主量和微量元素分析、Sm-Nd同位素组成分析、金丰度分析以及SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,初步探讨了辉绿岩脉的成因、岩浆演化和构造背景以及与金成矿作用的关系。地球化学分析结果表明,辉绿岩脉形成于拉斑玄武质岩浆,主要为左倾型的稀土配分模式;相对N-MORB,富集Sr、K、Rb和Ba等LILE和Th,亏损HFSE,εNd(t)为0.3~5.6,说明岩浆源区为受到俯冲带含水流体影响和少量地壳混染的亏损地幔。辉绿岩脉的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为231.6±2.6Ma,与尖峰岭花岗质岩体的年龄(236±3.5Ma^249±5Ma)相近,产出位置相邻,类似于海南兴隆地区的双峰式侵入岩,表明它们产出于造山后伸展环境。辉绿岩脉对应的岩浆富含CO2、H2O、F、K、Rb、Ba和适量的S,为抱伦金矿等单金矿床中Au的合适载体。金丰度分析结果表明,辉绿岩脉中的Au曾被活化迁移。再结合辉绿岩脉成岩年龄与抱伦矿区的成矿年龄在误差范围内一致的特征,认为抱伦金矿的Au可能来源于辉绿岩脉。     

海南岛抱伦金矿床双峰式侵入杂岩地球化学特征及对金成矿作用的启示

位于海南岛西南部的抱伦金矿产于尖峰岩体外接触带,与辉绿岩脉密切伴生,这些侵入岩蕴含了金矿成矿作用与岩浆活动-构造演化-成矿体系关系的重要信息。文章报道了对抱伦尖峰花岗岩和辉绿岩开展岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素和Sm-Nd同位素地球化学研究的成果。本次工作获得了尖峰花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS方法锆石U-Pb年龄为(234.9±2.8)Ma,与辉绿岩构成双峰式侵入杂岩组合。辉绿岩属亚碱性玄武岩系列,相对富集Th、Nb、Ta等强不相容元素,无Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,显示与富集洋中脊玄武岩(E-MORB)相似的地球化学特征,其ε_Nd(t)值为4.11,指示了亏损的源区性质;尖峰花岗岩属高钾钙碱性岩系的铝质A型花岗岩,相对富集K、Rb、Th、Ce等元素,相对亏损Sr、Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素,其ε_Nd(t)值为-7.61～-7.80,指示了再循环地壳源区。抱伦辉绿岩为交代型地幔降压熔融的产物,而尖峰花岗岩起源于中元古界泥质和杂砂岩地壳源岩于低压、高温环境下的部分熔融,该双峰式侵入杂岩与金成矿作用形成于造山后伸展-减薄构造背景。双峰式侵入杂岩的...     

海南西南部抱伦金矿床流体包裹体及稳定同位素特征

抱伦金矿床的石英和方解石中的包裹体以气液包裹体为主,石英中舍大量CO2包裹体。成矿流体属Na（K）-Cl型。气相成分CH4、C2H6、H2S、O2、N2和心的含量反映属弱还原环境。液相成分中阴、阳离子分别以Cl^-、Na^＋为主,舍少量CO4^2-、F^-,Mg^2＋和Ca^2＋。Au在成矿流体中以AuCl2^-和Au（HS）2^-络合物的形式迁移。均一温度主要为160-350℃,属中温范畴。流体水的δ^18O和δD值分别为-3．4‰-＋9．8‰和-61‰-30‰,其来源主要为岩浆水与大气降水。石英的δ^18O值（＋10．4‰-＋15．5‰）与华南陆壳型花岗岩成因的钨、锡、稀有、稀土金属矿床一致。CO2和黄铁矿的C、S同位素反映C和S以花岗岩浆来源为主,少量来自志留系或更老的地层。综合分析认为矿床成因与印支期花岗质岩浆活动有关。