Object extraction based on evolutionary morphological processing

This paper introduces a novel technique for object detection using genetic algorithms and morphological processing. The method employs a kind of object oriented structure element, which is derived by genetic algorithms. The population of morphological filtersis iteratively evaluated according to a statistical performance index corresponding to object extraction ability, and evolves into an optimal structuring element using the evolution principles of genetic search. Experimental results of road extraction from high resolution satellite images are presented to illustrate the merit and feasibility of the proposed method.     

结合模糊分割和遗传算法的航空影像车辆提取方法

利用高分辨率遥感影像实现道路车辆监测在交通管理系统中占有重要地位,然而受成像条件及车辆本身颜色多样性的影响,很难从遥感影像中直接提取道路车辆。为此,本文提出了一种结合遗传算法和数学形态学的遥感影像道路车辆提取方法。首先利用模糊聚类方法建立影像分割模型,并利用遗传算法对其进行求解,从而实现影像中道路、车辆及环境的精确分割;然后对分割结果中不同层进行赋值,实现分割结果的二值化;最后利用数学形态学操作从分割的道路-车辆的二值结果中剔除道路,从而实现道路车辆的提取。利用本文方法对航空影像进行了道路车辆提取试验。试验结果表明,本文方法不仅能够准确识别地面车辆位置,还能精确提取其轮廓线。     

改进分水岭方法下的遥感图像水体提取

针对当下全球的水域环境监测中水体提取不完整、与周围地物区分错误等问题,以山东潍河为研究对象,提出了一种改进分水岭分割方法.首先提取目标水体的光谱信息分量作为前景图,然后将膨胀后的水体对象作为背景图,利用前景图与背景图叠加生成标记图,最后利用标记图通过分水岭变换对原图像进行分割以实现水体信息的自动提取.本文将试验结果与OpenCV中手动标记种子点的分水岭算法、基于Canny边缘的分水岭算法、结合形态滤波和标记的分水岭分割方法结果进行了对比.结果表明,本文算法比用种子点手动标记的方法更加自动化,提取的水体更加完整准确;相比于Canny边缘方法又避免了过度分割;比结合形态滤波标记的方法也更加完整准确,目标水体明显,对于水体提取是一种自动化的有效方法.     

可变形网络与迁移学习相结合的电力塔遥感影像目标检测法

电力塔是电力基础设施的重要组成部分,对其进行检测是必不可少的工作。针对当前遥感影像电力塔检测算法精度低,效果差的问题,本文基于可变形网络和迁移学习对Faster R-CNN进行改进,提出一种基于遥感影像的电力塔检测框架。该框架主要分为两个部分:①特征提取子网络,即利用可变形网络模型改进卷积层,来提高模型对于电力塔几何形变的特征提取能力;②目标检测子网络,即通过模型迁移,将由特征提取子网络训练获得的模型参数迁移至此子网络,由RPN网络和可变形区域池化结合非极大值抑制(NMS)精确获取电力塔位置,利用Fine-tuning技术快速训练此子网络,最终实现高精度的遥感影像电力塔检测。本文算法在测试集中对电力塔检测结果为AP_(0.5) 0.886 1,AP_(0.6) 0.839 6,ACC 0.894 8,与SSD、YOLOv3、Faster R-CNN等相比,各检测指标至少高0.2。由对比试验可以看出,该框架对电力塔遥感影像可以实现较高精度检测,表明该方法在电力塔检测上拥有较大应用潜力。     

基于重构的多尺度目标提取与分割

通过形态重构开闭算子构造了一个多尺度的目标提取和分割算法.首先用结构元素nB对影像分别作基于重构的Top-Hat和Bottom-Hat变换,得到所有不能放入nB的亮和暗的目标;然后再用结构元素(n-1)B对影像作开运算,消除所有不能放入该结构元素的目标.那么结果影像中就只剩下能同时放入nB和(n-1)B的目标.对不同尺度的结果影像进行处理,就可以得到不同尺度下的目标分割结果.重构是一个连通è区域算子,连通区域是运算的基本单位,所以不会改变影像中边缘的位置,同时不会有新的边缘和虚假的极值出现.     

基于MODIS遥感数据的水体提取算法研究

针对MODIS遥感数据采用多波段普间关系算法提取水体容易与阴影混淆,产生提取不精确的问题。作者将对多波段普间关系水体提取算法进行研究,并以鄱阳湖为实验对象,使用改进后的多波段普间关系算法对水体进行提取。实现提升水体提取精度的目标。     

一种背景微移情况下的运动目标提取算法

分析了常用的静态背景下运动目标提取算法的优缺点,提出了一种基于背景匹配的运动目标提取的算法,有效地解决了帧间背景的微移问题。     

Parallel implementation of endmember extraction algorithms from hyperspectral data

Automated extraction of spectral endmembers is a crucial task in hyperspectral data analysis. In most cases, the computational complexity of endmember extraction algorithms is very high, in particular, for very high-dimensional datasets. However, the intrinsic properties of available techniques are amenable to the design of parallel implementations. In this letter, we evaluate several parallel algorithms that represent three representative approaches to the problem of extracting endmembers. Two parallel algorithms have been selected to represent a first class of algorithms based on convex geometry concepts. In particular, we develop parallel implementations of approximate versions of the N-FINDR and pixel purity index algorithms, along with a parallel hybrid of both techniques. A second class is given by algorithms based on constrained error minimization and represented by a parallel version of the iterative error analysis algorithm. Finally, a parallel version of the automated morphological endmember extraction algorithm is also presented and discussed. This algorithm integrates the spatial and spectral information as opposed to the other discussed algorithms, a feature that introduces additional considerations for its parallelization. The proposed algorithms are quantitatively compared and assessed in terms of both endmember extraction accuracy and parallel efficiency, using standard AVIRIS hyperspectral datasets. Performance data are measured on Thunderhead, a parallel supercomputer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.     

Genetic feature selection for texture classification

This paper presents a novel approach to feature subset selection using genetic algorithms. This approach has the ability to accommodate multiple criteria such as the accuracy and cost of classification into the process of feature selection and finds the effective feature subset for texture classification. On the basis of the effective feature subset selected, a method is described to extract the objects which are higher than their surroundings, such as trees or forest, in the color aerial images. The methodology presented in this paper is illustrated by its application to the problem of trees extraction from aerial images.     

Genetic feature selection for texture classification

This paper presents a novel approach to feature subset selection using genetic algorithms. This approach has the ability to accommodate multiple criteria such as the accuracy and cost of classification into the process of feature selection and finds the effective feature subset for texture classification. On the basis of the effective feature subset selected, a method is described to extract the objects which are higher than their surroundings, such as trees or forest, in the color aerial images. The methodology presented in this paper is illustrated by its application to the problem of trees extraction from aerial images.     

高分辨率遥感图像港口检测的复合线索视觉注意模型

为提高高分辨率光学遥感图像港口自动检测的准确性,常需综合多类线索并进行复杂的特征提取、融合与分类推理,从而带来较高的计算复杂度。为此,仿生人类视觉注意机制,提出了一种复合线索视觉注意模型,综合利用高分辨率光学遥感图像港口多尺度底层特征和高层知识线索,实现了港口检测特征自然融合与综合分类推理。该方法在提高检测效果的同时较好地控制了计算量的增长,避免了复杂特征的大范围区域提取,采用多步快速算法降低了整个算法的计算复杂度,实现了计算资源受限条件下港口的快速定位与检测。同时,由于能将有限计算资源快速聚焦于最可能含有港口目标的区域,大大提高了目标检测方法响应的实时性。来自不同卫星的高分辨率光学遥感图像实验结果,验证了提出方法的有效性。     

机载激光雷达点云的阶层式分类

激光雷达是一种快速获得高密度高精度的三维数字地面信息的新技术。本文介绍了几种激光雷达数据过滤算法,提出了激光雷达点云数据的阶层式分类策略,并将基于航拍影像数据进行着色后的机载激光雷达点云数据作为研究对象,对其应用激光雷达数据过滤算法进行阶层式分类。实验结果表明,此种方法能有效地对大部分地物信息进行过滤和分类。     

遥感影像目标的尺度特征卷积神经网络识别法

高分辨率遥感影像的目标检测与识别,是高分对地观测系统中影像信息自动提取及分析理解的重要内容。针对传统影像目标检测与识别算法中人工设计特征稳健性与普适性差的问题,本文提出基于高分辨率遥感影像目标尺度特征的卷积神经网络检测与识别方法。首先通过统计遥感影像目标的尺度范围,获得卷积神经网络训练与测试过程中目标感兴趣区域合适的尺度大小。然后根据目标感兴趣区域合适的尺度,提出基于高分辨率遥感影像目标尺度特征的卷积神经网络检测与识别架构。通过WHU-RSone数据集对本文卷积神经网络架构与Faster-RCNN架构对比测试验证。试验结果表明,本文架构ZF模型和本文架构VGG-16模型的mean average precision(mAP)分别比Faster-RCNNZF模型和Faster-RCNNVGG-16模型提高8.17%和8.31%,本文卷积神经网络架构可获得良好的影像目标检测与识别效果。     

Water-Body types identification in urban areas from radarsat-2 fully polarimetric SAR data

This paper presents a novel method for supervised water-body extraction and water-body types identification from Radarsat-2 fully polarimetric (FP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in complex urban areas. First, supervised water-body extraction using the Wishart classifier is performed, and the false alarms that are formed in built-up areas are removed using morphological processing methods and spatial contextual information. Then, the support vector machine (SVM), the classification and regression tree (CART), TreeBagger (TB), and random forest (RF) classifiers are introduced for water-body types (rivers, lakes, ponds) identification. In SAR images, certain other objects that are misclassified as water are also considered in water-body types identification. Several shape and polarimetric features of each candidate water-body are used for identification. Radarsat-2 PolSAR data that were acquired over Suzhou city and Dongguan city in China are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the experimental results are evaluated at both the object and pixel levels. We compared the water-body types classification results using only shape features and the combination of shape and polarimetric features, the experimental results show that the polarimetric features can eliminate the misclassifications from certain other objects like roads to water areas, and the increasement of classification accuracy embodies at both the object and pixel levels. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can achieve satisfactory accuracies at the object level [89.4% (Suzhou), 95.53% (Dongguan)] and the pixel level [96.22% (Suzhou), 97.95% (Dongguan)] for water-body types classification, respectively.     

一种高分辨率SAR影像道路提取方法

针对高分辨率SAR影像中细节信息损坏道路的面特征结构、影响道路提取,基于影像统计特征,给出一种结合区域生长和细节信息识别的道路提取方法。该方法通过区域生长提取呈现面特征的暗目标(道路框架),利用CFAR算法识别细节,通过形态学融合得到最终结果。为降低高分辨率影像区域异质性对提取结果影响,提出了一种自适应CFAR算法,相比之前算法可自适应删除干扰点;并引入有效表征影像统计的GA0分布。利用海南省陵水黎族自治县机载X波段高分辨率SAR数据的幅度影像进行实验,结果表明,该方法能有效提取呈面特征的道路,获得准确的道路宽度和中心线信息。     

基于数学形态学的建筑物轮廓信息提取

针对高空间分辨率卫星图像上建筑物的特点,提出了一套半自动、快速简单的建筑物二维轮廓信息提取技术流程。首先,利用最大同质性近邻滤波算法(MHN)对图像进行预处理;然后,利用基于数学形态学经典算法(腐蚀、膨胀、开操作及闭操作等)重建的微分形态学断面方法(DMP)进行建筑物二维轮廓信息提取,并在结构算子的步长选择方面对方法进行了初步改进;最后,结合区域标识和面积阈值分割等方法进行了后处理操作。以北京师范大学校园QuickBird图像为例的试验结果显示,该方法不仅对规则建筑物的提取效果良好,还可以有效地提取出形状复杂的建筑物轮廓信息。     

异源多分辨率卫星影像匹配算法研究

以异源多分辨率遥感卫星影像为研究对象,对影像特征提取、特征描述、特征匹配及匹配提纯算法进行了较为深入的研究;并将不同的特征提取与匹配算法进行组合,通过试验对比得出了各种算法的适用性。在此基础上,设计了一套面向异源多分辨率卫星影像的匹配流程。     

矢量河网渐进式传输的多尺度表达模型

矢量河网数据渐进式传输是制图综合的逆过程,从几何特征出发化简曲线的方法忽略了曲线的形态特征。鉴于此,以曲线轴线为基准,基于曲线弯曲层次化提取河流曲线数据,并将提取的曲线数据分层组织,构建结合目标层和几何细节层的河网多尺度表达模型。基于该模型开发了矢量河网数据的渐进式传输系统,验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种优化的Faster R-CNN小目标检测方法

图像目标检测是计算机视觉与数字图像处理的一个热门方向,其主要任务是找出图像中感兴趣的物体并确定物体的位置与类别。目前基于深度学习模型是主流的目标检测算法,利用其解决诸多学科问题成为一种趋势。本文采用区域卷积神经网络（Faster R-CNN）深度学习算法和相关图像处理算法,以ResNet50、ResNet101为骨干网络,采用特征金字塔网络开展新冠疫情期间武汉市车辆变化监测,以此分析疫情下的武汉市内部活动强度。结果显示：本文车辆目标检测方法的精确率为0.96,召回率为0.92,平均精度为0.85。疫情前（2019年11月17日）、中（2020年02月22日）车辆变化情况为：武汉汇聚中心分别为263、32辆,汪家嘴立交桥分别为89、44辆,新兴工业园分别为554、347辆,经开未来城分别为188、57辆。可知,疫情导致武汉市人口出行减少、车辆活动明显降低。     

面向对象的船载激光扫描数据船舶目标检测方法

提出了一种基于对象的船载激光扫描数据内河船舶目标检测方法。该方法基于船舶目标的高程信息和几何特征,利用投影和图像形态学运算方法快速确定包含船舶目标的兴趣区域;然后针对船舶目标数据的空间分布特征,对兴趣区域点云数据进行欧式距离分割和优化处理,生成实体对象,并构建高差、外包围盒和局部密度等特征构成的向量,采用支持向量机进行二元分类,提取出船舶目标。该方法成功地检测出船载激光扫描数据中的船舶目标,船舶目标检测的准确率较高。