螺旋藻多糖对CD3AK细胞增殖能力的影响

研究了螺旋藻多糖（ＰＳ）对ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ激活的杀伤细胞（ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ Ｋｉｌｌｅｒ Ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＣＤ３ＡＫ Ｃｅｌｌｓ）增殖能力的影响。结果表明,当ＰＳ浓度为２．５μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１培养体系条件下,对ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞具有明显的刺激细胞增殖作用（Ｐ〈０．０２）;对培养长达２３ｄ的ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞（Ｋ５６２细胞）的活性仍维持在较高的水平（４６．５％￣５０％）。提示ＰＳ对辐射     

杭州湾海水密度研究

用磁力浮沉子密度测量装置,在１５ ～２５ ℃之间的三个温度下测定了杭州湾３０ 个水样的密度。结果表明,测定值皆高于相应条件下国际标准海水状态方程的计算值,在海水盐度范围５．５６～２６ ．４ ,密度平均偏差值为２８ ．２ ～１２０ ．５ ×１０－ ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。测定密度和计算密度的偏差随盐度的降低而增大,与盐度的变化成直线相关;与（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｓ和比碱度之间皆呈指数曲线相关。杭州湾海水枯水期和丰水期水样的（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｃｌ 比平均值分别超出大洋水平均值２８ ．８％ 和２０ ．６％ ;杭州湾海水枯水期和丰水期的比碱度平均值分别超出大洋水平均值６０ ．３ ％ 和３０２ ％ ;（Ｍｇ２ ＋ ）／Ｃｌ 比、枯水期水样ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 比及Ｓｒ２ ＋ ／Ｃｌ 比与大洋水平均值相同或相近,丰水期水样ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 高出大洋水平均值７ ．１ ％ ;结合主要离子在湾内平面分布图,得出杭州湾海水高的Ｃａ２ ＋ ／Ｃｌ 比、比碱度和ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 比,除了受江水输入影响以外,主要还是受湾北岸工业区废水排放的影响。并首次给出了杭州湾海水的密度公式。     

栉孔扇贝血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氨酶活性及其性质的研究

于１９９７年１０月－１９９８年１月,从胶州湾贝类养殖场购买栉孔扇贝,分别采用邻苯三酚自氧化法和过氧化氢法测定了其血细胞和血清中的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）的活力,并对ＳＯＤ类型的鉴别区分、ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ的热稳定性以及温度对ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活力的影响进行研究。结果表明,血细胞中ＳＯＤ和 ＣＡＴ活力分别为３１２．７Ｕ和 １２４．４Ｕ,血清中ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活力分别为１０２．３Ｕ和７３．８Ｕ;冻存１０ｄ后,血清中ＳＯＤ的活力丧失２４．６％,而ＣＡＴ的活力丧失４０．８％;血细胞中ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ的活力分别为１９３．４Ｕ和８２．３Ｕ,血清中仅存在ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ活性;血清中ＳＯＤ的热稳定性很高,在８０℃下保温３０ｍｉｎ后,酶活力仍很高,而ＣＡＴ的热稳定性较低;血清中的ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ的最适温度分别为５０℃和４５℃。     

南海厚指海绵化学成分的研究

对采自我国南海海域的厚指海绵Ｐａｃｈ７ｃｈａｌｉｎａ ｓｐ。的化学成分进行了研究。从中分离出１个新的化合物（Ⅰ）。经ＦＴ－ＩＲ,ＭＳ,１ＨＮＭＲ,＾１３ＣＮＭＲ,ＤＥＰＴ等波谱方法鉴定为长链脂及醇某油醚：３－二十七烷氧基－１,２－丙二醇。并应用ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术对其舅醇成分进行了鉴定。     

螺旋藻及其多糖、多糖蛋白提取物对体外癌细胞的抑制作用

螺旋藻多糖是螺旋藻的重要生物学活性成分,１９９１年刘力生等证明它对腹水型肝癌细胞及肉瘤１８０有杀伤抑制作用［１］;１９９６年日本科学家证明它有抗病毒及免疫力提高作用。本研究用热水浸提法提取螺旋藻多糖及多糖蛋白,并测定它对肺癌细胞,人白血病淋巴细胞及胃癌细胞的杀伤抑制作用。１材料及方法１．１样品及试剂来源钝顶螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）、极大螺旋藻（Ｓ．ｍａｘｉｕｍ）及螺旋藻干粉由云南程海宏源生物技术公司提供,部分藻粉由本实验室自制。昆明种小鼠,重３０～４０ｇ,由昆明医学院提供。胃癌…     

藤壶胶组分的分离制备

研究ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５，Ｇ－５０，Ｇ－１００，Ｇ－２００和Ｇ－２００（超细）等型号的葡聚糖凝胶系统，对溶解在１．０％，ＳＤＳ－２Ｍｅ水溶液中的网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ固态胶蛋白组分的分离制备效果，结果表明，ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００和Ｇ－２００（超细）两种葡聚糖凝胶层析柱（直径１．７ｃｍ，长３０ｃｍ）用０．０５ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１Ｔｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ－１％ＳＤＳ－２Ｍｅ溶液洗脱时     

光度法测定低含量有机硫化合物

提出用氧瓶燃烧－光度法来测定有机物中硫含量的定量分析方法，在低硫酸根浓度范围内（４～２５ｍｇ／ｌ），在浓碱条件下ＭＴＢ（甲基百里酚蓝）的吸光度与硫酸根浓度在４６０ｎｍ波长处呈正相关，而在６００ｎｍ（或６１０ｎｍ）处Ｂａ－ＭＴＢ络合物的吸光度与硫酸根浓度呈负相关。该方法标准偏差低于０．５ｍｇ，／ｌ．变异系数低于３％，回收率为９５－１０７％。     

INMARSAT－C在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验（二）

ＩＮＭＡＲＳＡＴ－Ｃ在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验（二）孙仲汉，孔杰（国家海洋局海洋技术研究所天津）３　ＩＮＭＡＲｓＡＴ－Ｃ在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验３．１关于通信路径的选择在海洋环境监测系统中应用ＩＮＭＡＲＳＡＴ－Ｃ...     

乳品厂污水养殖螺旋藻的研究

探讨了螺旋藻在乳品厂污水中生长的生态条件及藻对污水中营养盐及有机质的去除效率。结果表明,低接种密度有利于藻的增殖。乳品厂污水需要经过一定的前处理。添另碳酸钠（ＮａＣＯ３）调节ＰＨ值并且适量添加尿素（ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２）调节氮、磷比,最佳ＰＨ值为１０．６０,最佳氮、磷比为２１：１。在此条件下螺旋藻的蛋白质含量可达６７．３５％。污水中ＣＯＤ、ＰＯ４－Ｐ、Ｔ－Ｐ、Ｔ－Ｎ及ＮＨ４－Ｎ的去除率分别达到５４．８     

藤壶胶组分的分离制备

研究ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５，Ｇ－５０，Ｇ－１００，Ｇ－２００和Ｇ－２００（超细）等型号的葡聚糖凝胶系统，对溶解在１．０％ＳＤＳ－２Ｍｅ水溶液中的网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ固态胶蛋白组分的分离制备效果。结果表明，ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００和Ｇ－２００（超细）两种葡聚糖凝胶层析柱（直径１．７ｃｍ，长３０ｃｍ），用０．０５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｔｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ－１％ＳＤＳ－２Ｍｅ溶液洗脱时，均可将改蛋白组分按其分子量的大小进行分离，且以后者的分高效果更好。     

Community succession of zooplankton in marine derived saline lakes in antarctic continental margin

Ecological research has been made for quite a long period in some marine-derived saline lakes in the Vest-fold Hills, Antarctica. The results show distinct succession of zooplankton community in those lakes. The change in community structure of zooplankton is related directly to environmental evolution in nature and the variation of lake conditions, such as physical and chemical factors as well. In the Burton Lake, there is a rather stable annual fluctuation in both temperature and salinity, and the community has probably been in the stage of climax succession. The Fletcher Lake is still undergoing a process by unregular tide flood from nearby bay, so that zooplankton community has been changing due to variance in temperature and salinity.     

特大咸潮对珠江入海河段环境要素的影响

2004年底至2005年初珠江三角洲流域发生了40a以来的特大咸潮，对珠江人海河段的环境要素产生较为明显的影响。在广州市区河段至伶仃洋的珠江主航道上共设置17个站进行取样分析。结果表明，咸潮上溯使人海河段的盐度大幅提升，而且入侵到广州市区河段。广州下游河段的硝化过程被很大程度地抑制，硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵盐含量仅表现为随人海方向逐步稀释，与历史资料相比差异明显。从营养盐含量来看，与2004年的数据对比显示无机氮和硅酸盐有较大程度的下降，磷酸盐含量则有一定程度的上升。N／P值显著下降，虎门以下河口站点下降了近30倍，变化趋势也由沿人海方向递增转为递减；N／Si值则升高为原来24倍，市区河段更高。水体中营养盐结构变化显著。溶解氧含量增加，表观耗氧量降低，其平衡点上移了18km；受输入减少及咸潮稀释等作用的影响，广州下游入海河段的COD含量有一定程度的下降，但严重污染的广州市区河段水体中的COD含量仍保持在很高的水平。存在明显的贫氧现象。     

东濮凹陷沙三段盐岩成因及含盐地层层序划分

东濮凹陷沙三段高水位期沉积深灰色、暗色泥岩与少量重力流砂体,低水位期沉积盐岩、膏岩、低位三角洲与扇三角洲,从而形成纵向上深湖泥岩与蒸发岩、低位砂岩的频繁互层沉积。根据岩心资料、盐岩沉积序列特点及沙三段沉积期古气候和古环境特点,认为盐岩为浅水蒸发成因。深水相泥岩与浅水成因的盐岩频繁互层表明沙三段沉积期湖平面变化频繁。基于盐韵律特征划分准层序的方法,使得层序地层划分更为符合东濮凹陷含盐地层的实际情况。     

咸潮入侵理论预报模式的分析及其在西江三角洲的应用

基于不同要求的咸潮入侵理论模式较多。本文在河道地形概化的基础上, 综合考虑流量、潮汐、盐淡水混合类型及地形等因子, 建立起一个可以快速预报各水道日最大氯度及咸潮最大影响范围的模式, 并用于西江三角洲咸潮入侵的模拟和预报。结果表明, 模式可以很好地模拟西江三角洲各水道日最大氯度及咸潮入侵范围, 预报结果良好, 同时该模式也能较好地预报磨刀门水道剧烈的地形变化及其它要素,如流量、潮汐对咸潮活动的影响程度。今后仍需更多的实测资料或数学模型对其他因子进行更深入的定量化研究, 用来修正该预报模式, 以进一步提高模式的精度及可预报性。     

南海盐致环流对台风降水的响应特征分析

本文采用多源卫星遥感数据通过统计分析的方法研究了17年间(2000—2016年)南海夏季(6—9月)台风对该海域降水、淡水通量的贡献及其可能导致的环流异常。主要结论如下: 1) 台风是南海中北部降水的重要影响因子, 可导致日平均降水量增加12mm, 约占南海夏季日平均降水(25mm·d ^-1)的一半, 且西北太平洋台风和南海“土台风”产生的降水分布存在显著的区域和强度差异; 2) 夏季, 南海由淡水通量引起的盐致环流表现为以海南岛东南部海域为中心的弱气旋式, 其流量量级约为-0.15Sv, 约占同期风生环流流量(约为-1.5Sv)的10%; 3) 夏季, 台风带来的降水使得南海中北部的气旋式盐致环流增强, 且西北太平洋台风降水导致的淡水通量变化引起的盐致环流强度要强于南海“土台风”。     

珠江河口咸潮期间浮游植物的群落特征

根据2007年底至2008年初珠江河口咸潮入侵期间大潮和小潮的两次调查资料, 对浮游植物的种类组成、种数和细胞密度的分布等群落特征进行了分析, 并探讨环境因素对浮游植物群落的影响。共鉴定浮游植物76种, 包括38种硅藻、18种绿藻、14种甲藻、4种蓝藻和2种裸藻。浮游植物种数分布有明显的空间变化, 一般从河口上段至下段种数减少; 大潮时浮游植物的种数低于小潮时, 并且各水层之间浮游植物种数分布不均匀。优势种以淡水硅藻为主, 如颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata、颗粒直链藻最窄变种 Melosira granulata v. angustissima、小环藻 Cyclotella sp.和海链藻Thalassiosira sp.等; 河口上段的站优势种突出, 密度分布不均匀, 均匀度值比较低。大潮和小潮期间浮游植物细胞密度的平均值分别为53.80×104个.L-1和62.21×104个.L-1, 变化范围为(1.48— 290.41)×104个-L-1和(1.52—283.62)×104个.L-1; 二者的平面分布趋势基本相同, 由河口上段至下段呈递减的格局; 硅藻类的细胞密度占明显优势。浮游植物的种类组成、种数和细胞密度的分布受盐度、营养盐等环境因子的影响, 并且具有明显的潮周期性。     

Thermal and saline tolerance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba under controlled in-situ aquarium conditions

As a key species of the Southern Ocean ecosystem,the thermal and saline tolerances of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superb a Dana)are relatively unknown because of the challenging environment and complicated situations needed for observation have inhibited in-situ experiments in the field.Hence,the thermal and saline tolerance of krill were examined under in-situ aquarium conditions with different controlled scenarios.According to the experiments,the critical lethal times of krill were 24h,2h and 0.5h under 9℃,12℃,and 15℃,respectively,and the estimated 50%lethal times were about 17.1 h and 1.7 h under 12℃and 15℃,respectively.Additionally,the critical lethal times(the estimated 50%lethal times)of krill were approximately 14h and 0.5h(about 22.9 h and 1.7 h)of salinity under 19.7 and 15.9,respectively.The observed critical and 50%lethal times of krill were 0.5 h and approximately 1.4 h,respectively,salinity under 55.2.The critical and 50%lethal temperatures of krill were 13℃and approximately 14.2℃,respectively.Additionally,the critical and 50%lethal salinity was 19.6 and approximately 17.5 for the lower saline(below normal oceanic salinity[34.4])environment and 50.3 and approximately 53.2 for the higher saline(above 34.4)environment,respectively.The upper thermal and saline preferences of krill can be considered 6℃and 26.8 to 41.2,respectively.These results can provide potential scenarios for predicting the possible fate of this key species in the Southern Ocean.     

Biotic variation in coastal water bodies in Sussex, England: Implications for saline lagoons

Coastal water bodies are a heterogeneous resource typified by high spatial and temporal variability and threatened by anthropogenic impacts. This includes saline lagoons, which support a specialist biota and are a priority habitat for nature conservation. This paper describes the biotic variation in coastal water bodies in Sussex, England, in order to characterise the distinctiveness of the saline lagoon community and elucidate environmental factors that determine its distribution. Twenty-eight coastal water bodies were surveyed for their aquatic flora and invertebrate fauna and a suite of exploratory environmental variables compiled. Ordination and cluster analyses were used to examine patterns in community composition and relate these to environmental parameters. Biotic variation in the coastal water body resource was high. Salinity was the main environmental parameter explaining the regional distribution of taxa; freshwater and saline assemblages were evident and related to sea water ingress. Freshwater sites were indicated by the plant Myriophyllum spicatum and gastropod mollusc Lymnaea peregra, while more saline communities supported marine and brackish water taxa, notably a range of chlorophytic algae and the bivalve mollusc Cerastoderma glaucum. Site community differences were also related to bank slope and parameters describing habitat heterogeneity. A saline lagoon community was discerned within the matrix of biotic variation consisting of specialist lagoonal species with associated typically euryhaline taxa. For fauna, the latter were the molluscs Abra tenuis and Hydrobia ulvae, and the crustaceans Corophium volutator and Palaemonetes varians, and for flora they were the algae Ulva lactuca, Chaetomorpha mediterranea, Cladophora spp. and Enteromorpha intestinalis. One non-native polychaete species, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, also strongly influenced community structure within the lagoonal resource. The community was not well defined as specialist and associated taxa were distributed throughout the spectrum of sites surveyed. Implications for the identification and conservation of saline lagoons are discussed.     

基于HICO波段的滨海土壤盐分遥感反演研究

本研究以黄河三角洲滨海盐渍土为例,尝试使用HICO （Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean）高光谱影像结合现场实测高光谱数据进行表层土壤全盐含量的反演。采用波段组合的方法建立光谱参量,通过相关分析筛选出敏感光谱参量,以决定系数R2选出最佳模型;利用HICO影像反射率与实测高光谱反射率之间的关系,对模型进行修正,并应用于影像。研究发现,比值（RI）、差值（DI）波段组合方法建立的光谱参量与表层土壤全盐含量的相关性明显提高。DI_{（845,473）}、DI_{（839,490）}、DI_{（845,496）}及DI_{（839,501）}的幂函数模型效果最好,且验证决定系数R2均大于0.86,相对分析误差RPD>3,RMSE较小。此外,HICO遥感影像的模型反演结果较为一致,能够反映表层土壤全盐含量的分布。研究显示,利用高光谱数据进行表层土壤全盐含量的反演建模具有可行性,可为区域表层土壤全盐含量的定量反演提供参考。     

Effect of saline intrusion on the properties of cohesive soils in the Red River Delta,Vietnam

Abstract

This study conducted a series of laboratory experiments and established numerical models on selected undisturbed soil samples in the Red River Delta (RRD) to determine the effect of change in soils intruded by saline water. The variation in the technical parameters of soils was verified in soils fully saturated by solution of four salt concentrations, that is, 0.0, 9.9, 19.8, and 33.0?g/L. Results show that the content and composition of clay minerals in cohesive soils before and after saline intrusion are unchanged. The same finding is obtained for clay after removing absorbed water layer by using a centrifuge apparatus. The zeta potential and settlement velocity of soils in the RRD increase when salt is added to the saturated solution. Similarly, the deformation of soils increases proportionally with the salt concentrations of that solution. This result is attributed to the linear decrease in deformation modulus. The decrease in modulus versus salinities is nearly consistent for pressure stages from 100 to 400?kPa. The safety factor of bearing capacity also decreases linearly with salinities. The decrease reaches 12.5–16.3% when soils are in the maximum saline solution. All these changes are considered as the degradation of soils in saline media.