Lois exponentielles de distance pour les systèmes de satellites

Résumé Une formulation exponentielle de la loi empirique de Titus-Bode a été proposée par Basano et Hugues. Ces auteurs introduisent l'hypothèse de trois planètes manquantes ou trous. Toutes les planètes obéissent à la relation a _n = ⁿ qui donne les demi-grands axes a des planètes pour des valeurs entières de n.Nous proposons une nouvelle méthode qui permet de retrouver la relation de Basano et Hugues pour le système solaire. Nous appliquons cette méthode aux systèmes de satellites de Jupiter, Saturne et Uranus en introduisant des trous pour combler les lacunes dans les séquences de satellites. Nous en tirons trois relations exponentielles de distance, analogues à la relation de Basano et Hugues. Nous constatons que les coefficients sont semblables pour les systèmes solaire, jovien et uranien alors que le coefficient du système de Saturne vaut approximativement la racine carrée des trois autres .Nous expliquons cet espacement exponentiel grâce à un modèle simple d'une nébuleuse gazeuse initiale soumise à de petites perturbations qui engendrent des oscillations dans la distribution de densité. Les minima de la densité perturbée sont donnés par les zéros des fonctions de Bessel décrivant la propagation de la perturbation. Les positions des maxima correspondent aux sites d'accrétion.Tous les trous introduits dans les parties intérieures des systèmes de satellites sont comblés par les anneaux et petits satellites. Dans le système d'Uranus, il reste deux trous vacants qui pourraient être occupés par des petits satellites non encore découverts.

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Exponential distance laws for satellite systems

A revised Titius-Bode law for the Solar system was proposed by Basano and Hugues, by introducing three missing planets. This law can be written a _n = ⁿ (with = 0.2853 AU and = 1.5226), which gives the distances a _n of the nth planet for successive integers n.We propose a new method to find this Basano-Hugues law for the Solar system. Based upon the comparison of the ratios of successive distances, this method can be applied to the satellite systems of the three giants planets Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus by introducing missing satellites to fill the gaps in satellites sequences. We find three exponential distance relations, similar to that of Basano-Hugues. We note that the coefficients for the Solar, Jovian and Uranian systems are almost equal while the Saturnian system's coefficient is nearly the square root of that of the three others.We explain that exponential spacing by a simple model of an initial gaseous nebula subject to small perturbations generating oscillations in the density distribution. The minima of the perturbed density are given by the zeros of Bessel functions describing the perturbation propagation. The maxima positions correspond to accretion sites.All the empty places in the inside parts of satellite systems are occupied by rings and small satellites. In the Uranian system, there are two empty places which could be filled by new undiscovered small satellites.

     

Détermination quantitative de l'effect de phase dans la mesure des longitudes sur Jupiter

We have quantitatively determined the phase exaggeration effect (Phillips effect) as a function of the planet's phase angle for the correction of the longitude of spots on the Jupiter disk. This was done on the basis of over 1000 visual observations of the longitude of permanent details of Jupiter's surface compared with photographic observations. We also propose the existence of a systematic error (+0°.6 zenographic) in our visual observations. As this error is probably caused by unidirectional motion of the detail over the planetary disk, we named it the “shift effect”.     

Une étude morphologique de NGC 650-1

Résumé L'apparence plus diffuse en H qu'en [Nii] 6584 des arches filamentaires de NGC 650-1 est bien visible sur les photographies obtenues par Louise (1982).Cet auteur suggère que ceci est peut être le résultat de la diffusion plus rapide des ions H⁺ par rapport aux ions N⁺, ces derniers étant 14 fois plus lourds.Nous montrons cependant dans cet article que la diffusion relative des divers types d'ions est négligeable dans les nébuleuses planétaires.Les observations de Louise (1982) peuvent cependant être interprétées par un effet de structure d'ionisation, l'azote se présentant à l'état N⁺⁺ dans la région la plus interne des arches filamentaires. Dans un autre domaine, les observations de Sabbadin et Hamzaoglu (1981) suggèrent que NGC 650-1 n'as pas de symétrie axiale.Nous montrons que deux causes physiques distinctes sont nécessaires pour expliquer ce résultat: la rotation du noyau qui a éjecté la nébuleuse planétaire et le champ magnétique intranébulaire, l'axe de rotation stellaire n'étant pas exactement parallèle à l'axe magnétique.

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A morphological study of NGC 650-1

Long-exposure plates have been made on NGC 650-1 by Louise (1982). One of the typical features is the filamentary structure which appears sharper in [Nii] than in H.This author suggests that the H image is fuzzy because the hydrogen ions diffuse more rapidly than nitrogen ions. We show, however, that the relative diffusion of various ions is negligible in planetary nebulae. Therefore, Louise's suggestion must be rejected.The observations of this author can be interpreted by means of an ionization effect, nitrogen being present in N⁺⁺ state within the most internal part of filamentary arches.On the other hand, observations made by Sabbadin and Hamzoglu (1981) suggest that NGC 650-1 does not possess axial symmetry. We show that two physical mechanisms are necessary to explain it: rotation of nucleus which has ejected the planetary nebulae, and intranebular magnetic field; the magnetic axis being not parallel to the rotation axis.

     

Mesure des Raies de [Sii] dans Trois Nébuleuses planétaires de L'hémisphère Austral

Three southern planetary nebulae (NGC 2818, He 2-130, and NGC 3132) have been observed with the IDS (Image Dessector Scanner) combined with the Boller and Chivens spectrograph mounted at the Cassegrain focus of the 1.52 m telescope of the ESO in Chile. The spectrograph dispersion was 60 Å mm^–1 in the spectral range 6170–7298 Å. The slit aperture was 4×4. Spectra were obtained from an array of positions across each nebula along the E-W direction and/or N-S direction. The data reduction followed the standard IHAP routines for IDS observations. In order to derive electron density, only the [Sii] lines (6617 Å–6731 Å) are given in this paper. The results are in agreement with a shell structure for the observed nebulae.

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Toutes les observations ont été faites à l'Observatoire européen Austral (ESO) au Chili.     

Hawking’s radiation in non-stationary rotating de Sitter background

Hawking’s radiation effect of Klein-Gordon scalar field, Dirac particles and Maxwell’s electromagnetic field in the non-stationary rotating de Sitter cosmological space-time is investigated by using a method of generalized tortoise co-ordinates transformation. The locations and the temperatures of the cosmological horizons of the non-stationary rotating de Sitter model are derived. It is found that the locations and the temperatures of the rotating cosmological model depend not only on the time but also on the angle. The stress-energy regularization techniques are applied to the two dimensional analog of the de Sitter metrics and the calculated stress-energy tensor contains the thermal radiation effect.     

Les equations aux variations du probleme de Störmer

Résumé Une théorie a déjà été établie [3] concernant tout système lagrangienL(q, ,t) qui possède des intégrales premières ou plus généralement des formes invariantes, provenant par, exemple d'invariances géométriques. Cet article est une application concrète et directe aux équations aux variations du problème de Störmer qui intéressent actuellement des chercheurs en Mécanique [4].

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The variational equations of Störmer's problem

A theory has already been established [3] concerning all lagrangiansL(q, ,t) which possess the integrals or more generally invariant forms, originating for example from geometric invariances. This paper is a direct application to the variational equations of Störmer's problem that has captured the interest of many researchers in celestial mechanics [4].

     

高维de Sitter时空背景中动态黑洞的度规

在高维de Sitter时空背景中给出了动态黑洞的度规,这是著名的Vaidya度规和Bonner-Vaidya度维在高维时空中的推广。     

Non-singular de Sitter universe inR+R 2−2Λ gravity

For the theory described by the action and taking the FRW flat space metric we find an exact non-singular de Sitter model universe exp(t ²), with . It is also proved that the standard general relativity de Sitter cosmology , >0 is also a model of this higher derivative theory of gravity. If the metric is conformally flatS could describe a consistent quantum theory and its classical solutions would correspond to cosmological models in this theory.This work was supported in part by CONACYT grand P228CCOX891723, and DGICSA SEP grant C90-03-0347.     

New tortoise coordinate transformation and Hawking’s radiation in de Sitter space

Hawking’s radiation effect of Klein-Gordon equation, Dirac particles and Maxwell’s electromagnetic fields in the non-stationary rotating de Sitter cosmological space-time is investigated by using a new method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. It is found that the new transformation produces constant additional terms in the expressions of the surface gravities and the Hawking’s temperatures. If the constant terms are set to zero, then the surface gravities and Hawking’s temperatures will be equal to those obtained from the old generalized tortoise coordinate transformations. This shows that the new transformations are more reasonable. The Fermionic spectrum of Dirac particles displays a new spin-rotation coupling effect.     

Étude cinématique de la galaxie barrée NGC 5383

We present some observational results derived from plates taken with the nebular spectrograph at the 1.93-m telescope of the Observatoire de Haute Provence. The dispersion is 35 Å mm^?1 and the resolution is 85″ per mm. Radial velocities were measured at different points in the nucleus and in the bar. The nucleus is composed of two elements, of 5″ and 12″ diameter, inside a ring of radius 2 kpc. Radial velocities around the ring show a well-defined sinusoid with a maximum displaced about 15° from that predicted from the geometry of the outer parts of the galaxy. We can explain this displacement by a contraction velocity of 43 km s^?1. In the bar the kinematics is quite complex. The slit position (roughly aligned with the bar) was slightly different for each of the four plates taken. For those which bisect the nucleus the velocity field is symmetric, with a sharp discontinuity of 50 km s^?1 between the nucleus and the bar. The maximum velocity is not reached in our field of observation. Solid body rotation cannot be accepted. Spectra along the edge of the nucleus provides evidence for transverse motions in the bar of 100 km s^?1 at 4 kpc from the center. The rotation curve is drawn; in the hypothesis of a radial motion in the bar we have calculated the distribution of mass according to the method of Burbidge and Prendergast inside a 14 kpc radius; the mass is 10¹⁰ M _⊙. The iso-intensity tracings clearly show the presence of the two nuclear components, the absence of [Nii] emission on the north-west side of the bar and the absence of Hα in the south-west side. The ratio Hα/[Nii] between 2 and 5 at several spots indicates that Hii regions are highly excited in the nucleus and at the extreme end of the bar. The region of the bar where the ratio is less than 1 suggests high excitation by collision of energetic particle perhaps coming from the nucleus.     

Vaidya black hole in non-stationary de Sitter space: Hawking’s temperature

In this paper we present a class of non-stationary solutions of Einstein’s field equations describing embedded Vaidya-de Sitter black holes with a cosmological variable function Λ(u). The Vaidya-de Sitter black hole is interpreted as the radiating Vaidya black hole is embedded into the non-stationary de Sitter space with variable Λ(u). The energy-momentum tensor of the Vaidya-de Sitter black hole is expressed as the sum of the energy-momentum tensors of the Vaidya null fluid and that of the non-stationary de Sitter field, and satisfies the energy conservation law. We study the energy conditions (like weak, strong and dominant conditions) for the energy-momentum tensor. We find the violation of the strong energy condition due to the negative pressure and leading to a repulsive gravitational force of the matter field associated with Λ(u) in the space-time. We also find that the time-like vector field for an observer in the Vaidya-de Sitter space is expanding, accelerating, shearing and non-rotating. It is also found that the space-time geometry of non-stationary Vaidya-de Sitter solution with variable Λ(u) is Petrov type D in the classification of space-times. We also find the Vaidya-de Sitter black hole radiating with a thermal temperature proportional to the surface gravity and entropy also proportional to the area of the cosmological black hole horizon.     

New Plateau de Bure observations of M 1–92; unveiling the core

M 1–92 is a very well studied bipolar pPN that can be considered an archetype of this type of sources; it shows a clear axial symmetry, along with the kinematics characteristic of this class of envelopes around post-AGB stars. We performed sub-arcsecond resolution observations of the J=2–1 rotational line of ¹³CO in M 1–92 with the new extended configurations of the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer, for studying the morphology and velocity field of the molecular gas better in the nebula, particularly in its central parts. We found that the equatorial structure dividing the two lobes is a thin flat disk, which expands radially with a velocity proportional to the distance to the central stellar system. The kinetic age of this equatorial flow is very similar to that measured in the two lobes, suggesting that the whole structure was formed as a result of a single event some 1200 yr ago, after which the nebula reached an expansion velocity field with axial symmetry. The small widths and velocity dispersion in the gas forming the lobe walls confirm that the acceleration responsible for the nebular shape could not last more than 100–120 yr. In view of the similarity to η Car, we speculate on the possibility that the whole nebula was formed as a result of a magneto-rotational explosion in a common-envelope system. The study of the possible importance of this mechanism in the context of global PNe and pPNe reshaping should be one on the fields in which future ALMA observations will make a crucial contribution. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain).     

有限温度的λφ~4模型和早期宇宙的de Sitter-Friedmann相变

通过对Robertson-walker度规中有限温度λφ~4模型的分析表明,考虑到对称性自发破缺、粒子产生以及在高温下对称性通过相变恢复等机制,有可能构成无奇性的宇宙模型.这类模型以零温的、既无奇性又无视界的Beltrami-Anti-de Sitter态为开端,随着粒子不断产生而不断增温,当温度达到临界值T_c时发生相变,转化为辐射为主的Fricdmann热膨胀态.这个相变就相当于大爆炸,在此之前没有奇性.     

Etude photometrique d'un renforcement diffus observé dans la lumière zodiacale, à une distance de 100 R⊙ du soleil

A photograph of the zodiacal light obtained at the Pic du Midi Observatory is studied in order to measure, in absolute units, the brightness of the reinforcement, observed 15° above the ecliptic plan and in a distance of 100R⊙ from the Sun.The obtained brightnesses are compared to the brightness of the zodiacal light given by other authors for the elongations ? ? [23°, 40°]. The calibration of the image was made using the stars in the field of the image and isophotes corrected for extinction were obtained, by the method of isodensities.A discussion of the obtained results is made and the origin of the reinforcement is investigated. The mass evaluation of the interplanetary particles producing this reinforcement has been estimated and permits to us to conclude that it may be due to particles evaporated from the circumsolar region. The mechanism of transfer of momentum to the particles in orbit around the Sun by a convecting ma magnetic field is not elucidated.