亚欧东西向活化构造铀成矿带划分依据及铀成矿域分布

亚欧东西向活化构造铀成矿带,其铀资源量约为全球的50%,是全球最重要的大陆洲际铀成矿带。该带地质构造和成矿复杂,活化构造作用延续时间最长,从早元古宙至今断续发生活化作用,以中新生代活化最为强烈。文章从大地构造及其演化控矿的角度,以铀成矿域为单元,对划分该铀成矿带的大地构造、深部构造、地球物理、地球化学和铀成矿分布等依据及铀成矿域分布作初步论述。     

尼日尔阿加德兹大型富铀成矿区成矿大地构造背景及成矿模式

用活化构造成矿理论和大地构造控矿观点,探讨尼日尔阿加德兹大型富铀成矿区的成矿大地构造背景,从多阶段构造演化、多成矿铀源、多成因复合成矿角度,提出大型富铀成矿区铀成矿的复成因模式。     

构造岩浆活化区铀远景评价的新途径

本文以外贝加尔热液体系铀成矿为例，从Ｆ、Ｕ、Ｃｓ等元素地球研究入手，以新的观点剖析了构造 活化区内生铀矿床的铀积聚环境和火山热液体系内的铀成矿机理，从而指明构造岩浆活化区铀找矿的新途径。     

伊盟和楚-萨雷苏两成矿区铀成矿大地构造模式对比

伊盟和楚-萨雷苏两成矿区,是我国和哈萨克斯坦铀资源规模最大的成矿区,其铀成矿大地构造模式的最大共同点是都处在活化区,同属活化阶段大型自流水盆地,铀具多次成矿叠加作用;最大差别是富铀层位大地构造属性不同,铀成矿期构造活化强度有别。伊盟成矿区富铀层形成于活化阶段早期,岩性岩相变化较大,对形成大型层间氧化带有不利一面,但活化阶段多次强烈隆起,不整合面发育,在不整合面上的砂岩层内,存在有利形成大型层间氧化带的另一面。工业铀成矿作用产生于活化阶段中晚期,形成似层状、透镜状矿体为主的矿床。楚-萨雷苏成矿区富铀层位形成于地台阶段,有多个厚大富铀砂岩层,岩性岩相及厚度稳定;在活化阶段微弱构造作用形成的次造山带内,形成大型卷状体铀矿床。     

赣南白面石地区铀资源潜力分析

白面石地区有着得天独厚的铀成矿地质背景,区内铀矿化是在富铀的白面石花岗岩体基础上发展起来的。富铀基底花岗岩的风化,使铀活化迁移,形成高铀含量砂岩层,是该区成矿的基础;北西向展布的双峰式火山岩浆喷溢、形成覆盖在高铀含量砂岩层之上的火山岩层,起着热盖和封闭作用,使铀聚积成矿,是成矿的关键;后期断裂作用及次火山岩的贯入,带来了丰富的热能,使铀再次活化迁移,铀矿化叠加变富。     

“交点”型铀矿有关的铀活化、迁移、富集特征——以广东荷泗地区为例

"交点"型铀矿指产于基性岩脉与硅化断裂带交汇部位的铀矿,具有埋藏浅、品位富、铀浸出率高等优点。文章紧密围绕"交点"型铀成矿过程中所经历的"源-运-储"过程,立足于荷泗地区与铀矿密切相关的基性岩脉自身铀含量低,与其有成因联系的流体无法提供有效铀源的客观事实,证实"交点"型铀矿床中的铀确为花岗岩体中的铀活化、迁移、富集而来。笔者借鉴前人运用航空伽玛能谱测量成果重建铀活化迁移路径的成功经验,利用地面伽玛能谱测量成果构建古铀含量(GU)、铀迁移量(Um)两项特征参数表征"交点"型铀成矿中的"源-运-储"过程,并初步查明区内铀源区、铀富集区的分布情况及活化铀的可能迁移路径。然后,通过对铀富集区的工程揭露发现基性岩脉在"交点"型铀成矿过程中主要起还原障及成矿空间的作用;而后期含硅热液(富氧?)则为铀活化的主要驱动力。二者与裂隙中地下水共同作用,形成含铀热液的对流循环体系,不断促使花岗岩中铀的向辉绿岩迁移富集成矿,并以实测数据为例从"源-运-储"三方面构建"交点"型铀成矿模式。     

中国铀资源区域成矿特征

本文主要是论述中国铀资源区域分布规律性。根据中国区域构造形成、发展特点, 结合中国铀矿形成、发展特征, 总结了中国铀矿时空分布规律; 对比分析了世界产铀区铀矿的成矿环境,指出了中国铀成矿的区域属性; 重点论述了中国铀成矿域、铀成矿省的成矿特征。     

中央克兹勒库姆区域构造演化及铀成矿特征

中亚天山造山带中央克兹勒库姆铀成矿区是世界驰名的铀矿产地,区域构造上属叠加于海西期地槽褶皱造山带上的喜马拉雅期活化造山带中的次级造山带,有大量层间氧化带砂岩型和碳硅质板岩型铀矿床分布。经活化构造成矿分析,铀成矿作用经历了多个大地构造演化阶段,地槽造山阶段形成铀源层、体,地台阶段形成部分有利铀成矿和储矿的砂岩层,活化造山阶段形成淋积和热流体成因的工业铀矿床。     

康滇地轴南段前寒武系铀成矿地质特征

本文从区域地质背景、铀矿床类型以及铀成矿条件等论述了康滇地轴南段不同类型的铀矿化在时间、空间上的分布规则。康滇地轴上的铀矿化主要出现在砂岩建造、碳硅泥岩建造、花岗岩体和火山岩及其内外接触带中,而且与每次大的构造活动旋回有关。铀成矿主要发生在前晋宁期、晋宁期、澄江期、燕山期、喜马拉雅期。构造活动后出现的高能氧化环境所产生的红层,往往成为富铀地质体和铀源体,铀经活化迁移而富集成矿。构造活动形成的地层不连续面是铀成矿的重要位置。丰富的铀源、良好的热源和有利的构造是区内铀成矿的条件,三者一致配合才有成铀矿的可能。     

华南中生代花岗岩型、火山岩型、外接触带型铀矿找矿思路（I）

华南中生代铀成矿作有处于中国东部燕山期强烈火山岩浆作用、壳幔作用及流体作用时期,铀具有大规模聚集成矿的前景。因此,中生代花岗岩型、火山岩型、外接触带型铀矿找矿必须引进深源成矿理论,淡化“浅成低温活化成矿理论”,充分认识铀矿既可形成于浅源浅成条件,也能形成于深源深成高温条件及深源浅成中温条件的特点,重视早阶段（130－95Ma）铀矿化,打破以主岩类型找矿的人为界限,加强白垩纪岩浆岩体系的研究。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861