北冰洋浮冰站近地层参数的观测估算

利用2008年8月20～27日我国第3次北极考察队在85°N附近设立的冰站上进行的湍流通量、辐射观测所获取的相关资料,采用涡动相关法对夏季北冰洋浮冰下垫面的近地层参数进行了估算.结果显示,观测期间浮冰区冰雪面的平均感热、潜热和净辐射通量分别是0.2 W/m2,1.2 W/m2和9.9 W/m2,表明下垫面获得的大部分热...     

楚科奇海夏季潮流和余流观测研究

根据2008年8月5日至9月7日在楚科奇海布放的一套锚碇潜标观测系统(71°40.024′N,167°58.910′W)获得的海流剖面资料研究了该海区的海流分布特征,重点探讨了潮流的垂向结构、余流剖面特征及海流的斜压性.结果表明:(1)该海域主要分潮为半日潮M1,S2和N2,近日分潮O1,天文分潮MM和MSF,其中以M...     

热带大西洋公海金枪鱼延绳钓海龟兼捕的初步研究

根据2007-2010年间2次科学观察员对热带大西洋公海海域(05°37′N～14°59′N,29°00′W～40°54′W)金枪鱼延绳钓渔业的调查,共投钩236次(d),兼捕到棱皮龟和太平洋丽龟2种共23尾,其中死亡8尾,兼捕率为0.03461尾/千钩(0.09746尾/次),上钩后死亡率为34.8%.兼捕海龟的位置范围为06°N～12°N,29°W～38°W.从海龟的钓获部位看,喙部占43.5%;前肢占26.1%;躯干占8.7%;喉部占8.7%;被主绳缠绕占13.0%.此外分析了不同钩深与兼捕海龟数量之间的关系,探讨了影响兼捕率和上钩后死亡率的因素,提出相关保护对策.     

中国第三次北极科学考察走航路线上空黑碳气溶胶的观测研究

2008年7月至9月,中国第3次北极科学考察期间,在走航路线上利用黑碳仪对黄海-日本海-鄂霍次克海-西北太平洋-白令海-楚科奇海-加拿大海盆等海区上的黑碳气溶胶浓度进行连续观测,最北观测位置达85°21.3′N.观测结果显示,北冰洋是全航线黑碳浓度最低的海区,平均浓度为(5.3±3.7)ng/m3;在70°N以北的海区...     

阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场的初步研究

根据2001年12月至2002年4月"辽渔1号"在西南大西洋(57°W—60°W,41°S—47°S)的柔鱼生产调查资料,对作业渔场的渔获量和水温垂直分布特点进行了初步分析,并运用逐步回归法探讨了周产量(t/week)与各水层温度之间的关系。结果表明:(1)周产量在70t以上的作业区域全部在60°02′W—60°40′W,44°59′S—46°04′S范围内(简称南渔场),周产量在70t以下的作业区域绝大多数集中在57°47′W—58°2′W,41°54′S—42°2′S范围内(简称北渔场);(2)南渔场渔获的表层水温在12.2℃~15.1℃,北渔场渔获的表层水温在10.0℃~12.3℃,两渔场在20~70m水体均出现了强度不等的温跃层;(3)整个作业区域,周产量与水温存在线性相关,相关系数R=0.8515,其中南渔场相关系数R=0.9985,北渔场相关系数R=0.9313。     

Model study on Bohai ecosystem 1. Model description and primary productivity

1Introduction TheBohaiSea(BS)(37°10′～40°55′N,117°35′～122°15′E)isthelargestinnerseainChi na,andplaysanimportantroleinsupportingthee conomicdevelopmentoffouradjacentprovincesby meansofitsadvantageouspositionforshippingand fisheryresources.However,     

秦皇岛绿潮暴发区微观繁殖体的时空分布特征及影响因素

2015年至今,秦皇岛近岸海域连年发生绿潮灾害,造成严重社会影响和经济损失.微观繁殖体作为绿潮藻的种源,在绿潮的发生过程中起着十分重要的作用.为此,于2020年5月至9月对秦皇岛绿潮暴发较为严重的金梦海湾海域(119°32 ′54″～119°33′00″E,39°52′45″～39°53 ′30″N)进行采样调查,分析...     

中西太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔获组成及其多样性分析

根据2009年6～11月金枪鱼延绳钓观察员海上采集的数据,对中西太平洋S2°05′～S7°51′,W159°48′～W168°10′海域的延绳钓渔获物组成进行了分析.126个站点(钩次)的种类组成分析表明,该作业区域的渔获物有鱼类35种,隶属于9目22科30属;鲸类2种,隶属于1目2科2属;龟鳖类1种.反映种类组成多样...     

2006年夏、冬季浙东海域浊度变化特征探讨

根据2006年8月和2007年1月对浙东海域(28°00′N～30°00′N、122°00′E～127°30′E)25个站位浊度的监测结果,结合水温、盐度等相关环境要素,本文对该海域浊度的分布特征进行了初步研究,并探讨了温、盐变化对浊度分布的影响.初步揭示海区浊度夏、冬季受不同水团控制,分布为近岸高于外海,底层高于表层...     

北太平洋晚冬海表温度持续异常现象的机制分析

依据再分析的海洋温度、盐度月平均资料和观测的热通量资料,确定了北太平洋中纬度晚冬海表温度(SST)持续异常现象较明显的海域是位于38°-42°N,158°E-172°W的西部海域和位于35°-42°N,172°W-145°W的东部海域.分析结果表明,西部海域,晚冬SST持续异常现象的主要机制是海洋上混合层的"再现机制";而东部海域晚冬SST的持续异常现象主要是海面净热通量的持续异常所致.由于冬季北太平洋西风异常导致的上混合层深度季节的差异在1976年前后的不同,1976年后晚冬混合层深度深,"再现机制"的作用明显,SST持续异常现象更容易出现.     

渤海和北极海冰组构及晶体结构特征分析

渤海一年冰的组构和晶体结构表现出的冰的非连续生长速率使得冰层底部具有气泡含量不同的许多分层;静水生长的灰冰具有典型的粒状冰和柱状冰;融化-重冻结冰和重叠冰具有特定的晶体结构.位于北冰洋72°24.037'N,153°33.994'W,长2.2m的冰心样为三年冰,并且发现其内有一种新的晶体类型,定义为碎屑凝聚冰.由位于北冰洋74°58.614'N,160°31.830'W,长4.86m的冰心样的晶体结构分析发现它过去为冰脊,后经融化-冻结改造形成冰丘的证据.     

西北冰洋中太平洋入流水营养盐的变化特征

利用1999,2003和2008年夏季(7-9月)三次中国北极科学考察数据资料,分析和讨论太平洋入流水营养盐的分布和楚科奇海关键生物地球化学过程对太平洋水化学性质的改造.结果表明,2003和2008年在白令海峡南部64.3°N纬向断面(BS断面)由于水团性质差异显著,营养盐呈西高、东低的分布趋势.2003年BS断面水柱...     

2016年夏季北冰洋浮冰站近地层辐射和湍流通量观测

2016年8月7－14日中国第七次北极科学考察期间,在83°N附近设立的长期浮冰站开展了辐射和湍流通量观测研究。结果表明,观测期间反照率变化范围为0.64~0.92,平均反照率为0.78;基于现场观测数据评估了PW79、HIRHAM、ARCSYM和CCSM3 4种不同复杂度的反照率参数化方案在天气尺度的表现,最为复杂的CCSM3结果优于其他参数化方案,但不能体现降雪条件下的反照率快速增长。浮冰区冰雪面平均净辐射为18.10 W/m2,平均感热通量为1.73 W/m2,平均潜热通量为5.55 W/m2,海冰表面消融率为（0.30±0.22） cm/d,表明此时北冰洋浮冰正处于快速消融期。冰面的平均动量通量为0.098（kg·m/s）/（m2·s）,动量通量与风速有很好的对应关系,相关系数达0.80。     

北冰洋80°～85°N浮冰区对流层大气的垂直结构

利用2008年夏季中国第3次北冰洋考察所获取的GPS探空资料对北冰洋(79°～85.5°N,144°～170°W)浮冰区对流层大气的垂直结构进行了研究.结果表明:北冰洋浮冰区对流层中部大气的平均温度递减率为6.47℃/km;对流层顶高度为8.0～10.7 km,平均为9.3 km,对流层顶温度为-59.4～-43.5℃...     

Some thoughts on the freezing and melting of sea ice and their effects on the ocean

The high-latitude freezing and melting cycle can variously result in haline convection, freshwater capping or freshwater injection into the interior ocean. An example of the latter process is a secondary salinity minimum near 800 m-depth within the Arctic Ocean that results from the transformation on the Barents Sea shelf of Atlantic water from the Norwegian Sea and its subsequent intrusion into the Arctic Ocean. About one-third of the freshening on the shelf of that initially saline water appears to result from ice melt, although the actual sea ice flux is small, only about 0.005 Sv. A curious feature of this process is that water distilled at the surface of the Arctic Ocean by freezing ends up at mid-depth in the same ocean. This is a consequence of the ice being exported southward onto the shelf, melted, and then entrained into the northward Barents Sea throughflow that subsequently sinks into the Arctic Ocean. Prolonged reduction in sea ice in the region and in the concomitant freshwater injection would likely result in a warmer and more saline interior Arctic Ocean below 800 m.     

Impact of Arctic Oscillation on cloud radiative forcing and September sea ice retreat

The Arctic Oscillation (AO) has important effects on the sea ice change in terms of the dynamic and thermodynamic processes. However, while the dynamic processes of AO have been widely explored, the thermodynamic processes of AO need to be further discussed. In this paper, we use the fifth state-of-the-art reanalysis at European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) from 1979 to 2020 to investigate the relationship between AO and the surface springtime longwave (LW) cloud radiative forcing (CRF), summertime shortwave (SW) CRF in the Arctic region (65°?90°N). In addition, the contribution of CRF induced by AO to the sea ice change is also discussed. Results indicate that the positive (negative) anomalies of springtime LW CRF and summertime SW CRF are generally detected over the Arctic Ocean during the enhanced positive (negative) AO phase in spring and summer, respectively. Meanwhile, while the LW (SW) CRF generally has a positive correlation with AO index (AOI) in spring (summer) over the entire Arctic Ocean, this correlation is statistically significant over 70°?85°N and 120°W?90°E (i.e., region of interest (ROI)) in both seasons. Moreover, the response of CRF to the atmospheric conditions varies in spring and summer. We also find that the positive springtime (summertime) AOI tends to decrease (increase) the sea ice in September, and this phenomenon is especially prominent over the ROI. The sensitivity study among sea ice extent, CRF and AOI further reveals that decreases (increases) in September sea ice over the ROI are partly attributed to the springtime LW (summertime SW) CRF during the positive AOI. The present study provides a new pattern of AO affecting sea ice change via cloud radiative effects, which might benefit the sea ice forecast improvement.     

Characterization of sea ice and its snow cover in the Arctic Pacific sector during the summer of 2016

A comprehensive analysis of sea ice and its snow cover during the summer in the Arctic Pacific sector was conducted using the observations recorded during the 7th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHIANRE-2016) and the satellite-derived parameters of the melt pond fraction(MPF) and snow grain size(SGS)from MODIS data. The results show that there were many low-concentration ice areas in the south of 78°N, while the ice concentration and thickness increased significantly with the latitud...     

2018年北极太平洋区域夏季海冰物理及光学性质的研究

The reduction in Arctic sea ice in summer has been reported to have a significant impact on the global climate. In this study, Arctic sea ice/snow at the end of the melting season in 2018 was investigated during CHINARE-2018, in terms of its temperature, salinity, density and textural structure, the snow density, water content and albedo, as well as morphology and albedo of the refreezing melt pond. The interior melting of sea ice caused a strong stratification of temperature, salinity and density. The temperature of sea ice ranged from –0.8℃ to 0℃, and exhibited linear cooling with depth. The average salinity and density of sea ice were approximately 1.3 psu and 825 kg/m~3, respectively, and increased slightly with depth. The first-year sea ice was dominated by columnar grained ice. Snow cover over all the investigated floes was in the melt phase, and the average water content and density were 0.74% and 241 kg/m~3, respectively. The thickness of the thin ice lid ranged from 2.2 cm to 7.0 cm, and the depth of the pond ranged from 1.8 cm to 26.8 cm. The integrated albedo of the refreezing melt pond was in the range of 0.28–0.57. Because of the thin ice lid, the albedo of the melt pond improved to twice as high as that of the mature melt pond. These results provide a reference for the current state of Arctic sea ice and the mechanism of its reduction.     

北极河流径流对北冰洋环流的影响

北极河流径流是北冰洋淡水的最大来源,其变化会对北冰洋中的诸多过程有重要影响。本文基于全球高分辨率海洋-海冰耦合模式的模拟结果,研究北冰洋温盐、海冰以及环流对北极河流径流的敏感性。通过对比有气候态北极河流径流输入的控制实验结果和径流完全关闭的敏感性实验结果,研究发现北极径流对北冰洋温度、盐度、海冰以及海洋环流等有显著的影响。关闭北极河流径流后,在河口附近的陆架上温度降低、盐度升高,且导致500 m深度处温度下降以及盐度升高;河口附近的陆架处,海冰密集度与海冰厚度增加。关闭北极河流径流也对北冰洋内的环流有影响:由于缺少来自欧亚大陆的北极径流的输入,穿极漂流与东格陵兰流流速减小且盐度增加;关闭北极径流导致近岸海表面高度降低,沿欧亚陆架的北冰洋边界流减弱,白令海入流增强。通过对比关闭北极径流实验与控制实验的温度和盐度剖面,发现关闭北极径流后大西洋层温度降低,各陆架海盐跃层的梯度减小,盐跃层厚度减小。