定向延迟组合激发正演照明方法及应用

基于波动方程照明分析原理和组合震源激发理论,对二维声波波场进行规则网格有限差分正演模拟,并给出组合震源照明度的计算方法,对于多个震源组合激发,通过改变相邻两个震源之间的激发时间,激发所产生的地震波场会沿着某一确定的方向传播,可以增强地下特定的区域的地质体的照明分析。模型试验结果表明,震源数目越多,激发的地震波最大能量指向越集中,改变震源之间的延迟时间,可以调整波场的传播方向,该方法对于分析简单的二维模型以及复杂的逆冲推覆构造模型和marmousi模型的照明能量分布均适用,对于指导炮点的设计有借鉴意义。     

起伏地表地震波场定向照明方法

基于惠更斯-菲涅尔原理和组合震源理论,提出了起伏地表情况下地震波场定向照明分析方法。该方法根据地表起伏形态和给定的照明方向进行坐标系变换,在新坐标系中计算组合震源的激发延时并模拟起伏地表定向的地震波场,从而得出地震波场源-检定向照明度。简单的二维起伏速度模型和起伏的Marmousi模型数值试验验证了该方法的有效性,表明通过坐标变换进行地震波场定向照明分析在地表起伏的勘探区域具有较大的适用性和灵活性,可以用来分析地下复杂构造对照明能量分布的贡献。     

Permanent seismic deformation analysis of a landslide

A failed slope may not necessarily require a remedial treatment if it can be shown with confidence that the maximum movement of the slide mass will be within tolerable limits, i.e., not cause loss of life or property. A permanent displacement analysis of a landslide for static and seismic conditions is presented using a continuum mechanics approach. Computed values of displacement for static conditions compare favorably with field measurements and computed values of seismic displacements for a postulated earthquake motion appear reasonable. Also, the seismic displacements using the continuum mechanics approach compare favorably with those obtained using the Newmark sliding block procedure for assessing seismically-induced slope deformations.     

Flow-based seismic risk assessment of a water transmission network employing probabilistic seismic hazard analysis

Natural Hazards - In this study, a seismic risk assessment model was proposed to evaluate the seismic reliability of a water transmission network. The proposed risk assessment model involves...     

盾构地铁隧道区间在地震作用下的三维动力时程响应分析

地铁已成为城市地下空间结构和轨道交通网络的重要组成部分。为预估和降低地震灾害的影响,以西安盾构地铁区间隧道为例,建立了地铁隧道区间三维计算模型,进行三维抗震时程响应分析。采用粘弹性局部人工边界模拟地基结构的半无限性,利用不同超越概率水平下的地震动参数作为参考,考虑相位随机性影响,拟合地震动时程样本,建立了地基与结构相互作用的三维有限元模型。计算结果表明,地震发生时,顶部、底面、侧面、以及联络通道处虽产生变形影响,但均在规范规定范围内;位移时程曲线、位移分布云图、拉压应力云图清楚显示区间结构在地震持续时的抗震情况,数据表明结构最不利位置在联络通道处,而内力和变形均满足规范安全要求。     

地震相分析技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用

地震相分析技术日渐成为煤田岩性地震勘探的一门新技术。阐述了基于波形分类的地震相分析方法,通过人工神经网络地震相检测技术对不同的波形进行分类,达到区分不同目标体的目的。以圈定火成岩发育范围、预测煤层冲刷变薄带和识别断层、陷落柱等地质异常体为例,讨论了地震相分析技术在煤田岩性地震勘探方面的效果。     

地震信号的时频分析方法

阐述了S-变换的概念及其性质，通过合成的非平稳时间序列，将四种时频分析方法进行比较，从而显示出S-变换具有较高的时间—频率分辨率。以时频分析的一些应用实例，说明时频分析在地震信号处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Advanced seismic slope stability analysis

The objective of this study was to present an advanced methodology for assessing seismic slope stability by taking into account the uncertainties related to the main input parameters. The methodology was applied on a real landslide in order to show the advantages of using the proposed procedure and establish the baseline trends of dynamic response and calculated permanent seismic displacements. It involves the following steps: preliminary analysis, probabilistic static and seismic factor of safety analysis, and permanent seismic displacement analysis. Estimating post-failure maximum seismic deformation of landslide mass and sounding properties is the most important part of this study. It involves both Newmark sliding block method and continuum mechanics approach, applied for characteristic set of input values in order to have more accurate assessment of slope performance and determine the relative importance of input parameters. The results of the analysis showed the benefits of using the proposed step-by-step methodology. The obtained difference in the results between the two methods depends strongly on the set input data for a particular analysis.     

Wavefield analysis of crosswell seismic data

Despite the numerous advantages of crosswell seismic data over surface seismic data, crosswell seismic geophysics is still underutilized and underdeveloped. The factors limiting the full utilization of crosswell data include the lack of standardized methods for processing and imaging the data. This is because crosswell data is not completely understood. To improve the understanding of crosswell data, we performed acoustic and elastic modeling of a west Texas carbonate oilfield data using finite difference methods and crosswell geometry. To account for the different wave modes in the field data, we decomposed the full data into its constituent wave modes. Results of the forward modeling show that elastic synthetic data is a better representation of crosswell field data than the popular acoustic synthetic data. Wavefield decomposition gave insight into the time-space kinematics behavior of the different wave modes that constitute the full data. Overall, the study improved our understanding of crosswell field data. The learning from this study has been utilized to perform data-driven reflection enhancement processing where the discerned characteristic of different seismic arrival is utilize to suppress unwanted and enhanced the desired wave modes. The processing reduced the complex data to only up-going P-P reflections that can be imaged to reveal the subtle geological structures of the oilfield.     

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Bangalore

This article presents the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for Bangalore, South India. Analyses have been carried out considering the seismotectonic parameters of the region covering a radius of 350 km keeping Bangalore as the center. Seismic hazard parameter ‘b’ has been evaluated considering the available earthquake data using (1) Gutenberg–Richter (G–R) relationship and (2) Kijko and Sellevoll (1989, 1992) method utilizing extreme and complete catalogs. The ‘b’ parameter was estimated to be 0.62 to 0.98 from G–R relation and 0.87 ± 0.03 from Kijko and Sellevoll method. The results obtained are a little higher than the ‘b’ values published earlier for southern India. Further, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Bangalore region has been carried out considering six seismogenic sources. From the analysis, mean annual rate of exceedance and cumulative probability hazard curve for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration (Sa) have been generated. The quantified hazard values in terms of the rock level peak ground acceleration (PGA) are mapped for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years on a grid size of 0.5 km × 0.5 km. In addition, Uniform Hazard Response Spectrum (UHRS) at rock level is also developed for the 5% damping corresponding to 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.121 g obtained from the present investigation is slightly lower (but comparable) than the PGA values obtained from the deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA) for the same area. However, the PGA value obtained in the current investigation is higher than PGA values reported in the global seismic hazard assessment program (GSHAP) maps of Bhatia et al. (1999) for the shield area.     

地震资料的多准则速度分析方法

速度分析是地震数据处理中至关重要的一环,常规速度分析方法中,给定一系列相同间隔的速度进行扫描,以叠加能量或相似系数等作为速度分析的准则制作速度谱.速度谱的能量团通常在正确的动校正速度附近存在一定的发散,从而影响速度的拾取.通过对方差为准则的速度分析方法进行分析和研究,认为方差对同相轴的相干性比较敏感,因此,方差速度谱具有较高的精度.拾取方差速度谱中最小方差数值对应的扫描速度为动校正速度,然而实际资料处理时,由于精度太高,最小方差数值对应的区域太小,不利于速度的拾取.为此笔者提出了以方差倒数、叠加能量和相似系数三者的乘积为目标函数的多准则速度分析方法.噪声会对方差产生影响,然而噪声只是提高方差的整体数值,不会改变方差的相对大小关系,因此地震数据含有一定噪声时本文方法仍然适用.通过模型数据和实际资料的处理,验证了本方法的正确性和实用性.     

Hazard analysis of seismic submarine slope instability

To assess the risk associated with a submarine landslide, one must estimate the probability of slope failure and its consequences. This paper proposes a procedure to estimate the probability of earthquake-induced submarine slope failure (hazard) based on probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, ground response analyses and advanced laboratory tests. The outcomes from these analyses are treated in a probabilistic framework, with analytical simulations using mathematical techniques such as the first-order reliability method, Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian updating. Fragility curves of slope failure during the earthquake (co-seismic) and after the earthquake (post-seismic) were developed in this study, and were shown to provide a clear and well-organized procedure to estimate the annual failure probability of a submarine slope under earthquake loading.     

构建地震数据仓库综合预报系统需求分析及展望

本文通过对地震分析预报数据库现状分析,指出其不足之处,对比数据仓库的优越性,分析了建立数据仓库综合预报系统的必要性及可行性,进而简要介绍了其功能及应用前景。     

隧道纵向整体抗震分析的近似方法

根据隧道工程的特点,考虑隧道与围岩的相互作用,依据抗震动力学理论、结构-围岩相互作用理论及当量半径的思想,建立隧道结构动力平衡方程,该方程从理论上考虑了隧道的自重惯性力。从方程可以看出,经典反应变位法是该方法的特例。通过算例分析了隧道埋深、地层剪切波速、基岩剪切波输入方向、上覆地层的特征周期、弹性地基系数及围岩弹性模量对衬砌纵向应力的影响。通过算例分析可知,（1）围岩-结构相互作用对隧道抗震分析具有较大的影响,不考虑相互作用得到的结果是相对保守的;（2）隧道的自重惯性力只有在超浅埋结构中有一定的影响,随着隧道埋深的增加,自重惯性力的影响完全可以不计;（3）本方法实际上是隧道纵向抗震分析的一种工程算法,所得的结论对于深埋隧道结构的整体抗震概念分析提供了一定的理论参考。     

Effective stress analysis of seismic site response

A procedure is presented which allows site response analyses to be performed with any general multidimensional finite element analysis package. Numerical results which corrorate the theory are presented. Also, as an illustration of the procedure, results of an effective stress analysis for the scismic response and liquefaction of a horizontally layered saturated sand deposit are presented.     

Stability analysis of seismic slopes with cracks

Earthquakes can trigger slope instability, especially in the case of slopes with cracks. Studies of slope stability rarely account for the presence of cracks. In this study, the upper bound limit analysis technique and the pseudo-static method were used to examine the stability of homogeneous slopes with cracks subjected to seismic loading. A series of stability charts for slope inclinations of 2:1 (β = 63.4°), 1:1 (β = 45°), 2:3 (β = 33.7°), and 1:2 (β = 26.6°) (vertical to horizontal) and internal friction angles, φ, of 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° are presented. These charts should be useful for readily determining the stability number (critical slope height), the critical crack depth, and the region affected by cracks for cracks of known depth but unknown location, cracks of known location but unspecified depth, and cracks of unspecified depth and location.     

Taguchi design-based seismic reliability analysis of geostructures

This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the seismic reliability of geostructures in an optimal way. Taguchi design of experiments are adopted to find the most efficient and cost-effective combination of material properties in the uncertainty domain. Twelve uniform and mixed design models are tested. A polynomial-based response surface meta-model is built for each one and the accuracy of perdition is examined using 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations. A two-dimensional gravity dam is used as a vehicle for probabilistic transient analyses. The ground motion record-to-record variability is added as well using over one hundred earthquake records selected based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Dynamic sensitivity of epistemic random variables are evaluated for the first time. Finally, an efficient and practical procedure is proposed in order to determine the reliability index of the geostructures. This approach, in fact, can be generalised for any type of engineering structures dealing with multi-hazard problems.     

数字地震观测系统的标定分析

利用正弦波信号对数字地震观测系统进行标定 ,计算各频点的响应灵敏度 ,确定地震观测系统的幅频特性曲线。对正确分析和解释地震观测记录以及地震基本参数测定是必须的。     

Parallel finite element analysis of seismic soil structure interaction using a PC cluster

This paper describes an implementation of a highly scalable parallel computational facility with high speedup efficiency using relatively low-cost hardware, which consists of a cluster of desktop personal computers (PCs) connected via a 10-Gigabit Ethernet. Two-levels of parallelization were implemented. Communication between different PCs was achieved using message passing interface (MPI) protocol. Domain decomposition was automated and based on element numbering. Domain continuity was assured largely by re-numbering the elements using a “front squasher” code prior to decomposition. Within each PC, the shared memory parallelization was implemented using either the open-multiprocessing (OpenMP) or the MPI protocol. Analysis of three different problems with number of degrees-of-freedom ranging from about 129,000 to about 2,260,000 shows a speedup efficiency generally above 70%. Super-linear speedup was achieved in several of the cases examined in this study, with the hybrid MPI-OpenMP approach generally performing better compared to the pure MPI method for parallelization. The results demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring a parallel computing facility with relatively modest outlay that is within the reach of consulting or engineering offices.