东海近岸海域赤潮与环境因子的关系

【目的】探讨东海沿海赤潮发生与环境因子的关系。【方法】对2003-2016年东海11个赤潮监控区的调查与监测数据进行统计分析,并采用Spearman秩相关系数法研究了赤潮与环境因子关联关系。【结果】东海近岸海域赤潮发生与水温、pH与溶解氧呈显著正相关关系,与活性磷酸盐、硝酸盐等无机营养盐呈显著负相关关系。【结论】赤潮发生时水温一般为25～33℃,pH为8～9,溶解氧5～10 mg/L,营养盐处于极低值水平。     

不同捕捞方式下南海北部海域鲹类渔场的时空分布

【目的】分析南海鲹科鱼类在单拖、双拖和围网三种捕捞方式下的渔获率,探究南海北部海域鲹科渔场的时空分布。【方法】计算三种捕捞方式的年均、月均和季节性渔获率,并对三种捕捞方式的时空分布进行双因素方差分析。【结果与结论】单拖在2016年渔获率达到最高为1.44 kg·kW^-1·d^-1,双拖在2009年渔获率达到最高为4.65 kg·kW^-1·d^-1,围网渔获率最高为2014年的3.8 kg·kW^-1·d^-1,年均渔获率受产量和渔场分布的影响较大。三种捕捞方式的渔获率随作业功率增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,单拖最高渔获率为3.12 kg·kW^-1·d^-1(功率为262 kW);双拖最高渔获率为10.81 kg·kW^-1·d^-1(功率为313 kW);围网最高渔获率为8.97 kg·kW^-1·d^-1(功率为405 kW)。夏季渔获率相比其他...     

南麂列岛浅海区鱼种组成、分布与环境因子的关系

根据2013年11月、2014年2、5、9月在南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区浅海区域的渔业资源调查资料,研究南麂列岛浅海区域的鱼类种类组成及数量分布,并对其与水文环境因子之间的关系作定量分析。结果表明,南麂列岛浅海区域鱼类有92种,隶属15目、49科、74属,鱼类种数春季(55种)冬季(45种)秋季(44种)夏季(34种),其中优势种为龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、六指马鲅(Polynemus sextarius)、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)和绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys kumu)等6种。鱼类生物量各季节由高到低依次为夏季(825.87 kg)冬季(160.05 kg)秋季(139.14 kg)春季(124.94kg)。典范对应分析认为,底层盐度和水深是影响调查海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布的主要环境因子。     

Study on Hydrography and Small-Scale Process over Zhoushan Sea Area

This paper mainly analyzes the tidal characteristics and small-scale mixing process near Zhoushan Islands. First, the spectral analysis and wavelet analysis are adopted for the measured tide level data and tidal current data from the Zhoushan sea area, which indicate that the main tidal cycle near Hulu Island and Taohua Island is semi-diurnal cycle, the diurnal cycle is subordinate. Both their intensities are changed periodically, meanwhile, the diurnal tide becomes stronger when semi-diurnal tide becomes weak. The intensity of baroclinic tidal current weakens at first and then strengthens from top to bottom. Then, in this paper, the Gregg-Henyey(G-H) parameterization method is adopted to calculate the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate based on the measured temperature and tidal current data. The results of which shown that the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate around Hulu Island is higher than that around Taohua Island. In most cases, the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate during spring tide is larger than that during the neap tide; the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in the surface layer and the bottom layer are higher than that in the intermediate water; the changes of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and tidal current are basically synchronous. The modeled turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate gets smaller with the increase of the stratification, however, gets larger with the increase of shearing.     

安顺区域夜间暴雨时空分布及其影响因子

为了解安顺区域夜间暴雨的空间分布、时间演变及其影响因子,寻找影响安顺区域降水范围和强度的预报指标,提高对强降水落区预报的准确性,采用合成分析的方法对1980~2009年6~7月安顺地区夜间暴雨频次进行气候统计,利用经验正交函数(EOF)分解方法提取出安顺地区夜间暴雨日数和累计夜间降水量EOF的主模态。结果表明:安顺地区夜间暴雨的特征十分显著,且夜间暴雨对夜间降水量具有主要贡献;进入21世纪后,暴雨日数和降水量均明显减少,处于偏少期。选取安顺夜间暴雨多发区(普定站、安顺站、镇宁站和关岭站)同时发生夜雨大暴雨(70~140mm)的2个样本进行环流合成分析,发现当夜间暴雨发生前12小时内的14时至20时,安顺地区中部(105°E、26°N)地面偏南风维持(冷暖平流势力相当)、水汽辐合强、不稳定能量增强及高空次级正热力环流增强有利于出现范围较大、强度较强的降水;当夜间暴雨发生前12小时内14时至20时,安顺地区中部(105°E、26°N)地面偏南风转北(冷平流南下)、水汽辐散、不稳定能量减弱及高空次级正热力环流减弱有利于出现范围较小、强度较小的降水。     

我国手足口病时空分布特征的GIS分析

手足口病是一种常见传染病。近几年在我国多次暴发且发病人数显著增加,引起了我国政府和社会各界的广泛关注。目前,对手足口病的研究主要集中在医学领域,而在宏观尺度上的时空分布特征研究及其重点地区分布研究等方面均较少。本文探索应用地理信息系统(GIS)的工具和方法,对2008-2009年中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集的手足口病监测数据进行统计计算、空间可视化和空间分析,得到我国手足口病疫情的时空分布与动态变化特征。研究表明:(1)尽管全国均有手足口病的报告病例,但各省之间发病情况差异较大,且区域内的发病情况也存在较显著差异,一般在人口密度和人口流动性均较大的城市疫情较严重;(2)手足口病在我国的流行高峰期为4-7月,比国外相关研究中的描述提前了一个月;(3)5-6月,我国手足口病的高发区分布明显由南向北移动。(4)2008-2009年,我国手足口病患者98%以上为托幼儿童、散居儿童和学生。鉴此分析,本文提出了具有时间、空间和人群针对性的防控手足口病暴发流行的科学建议。     

Distribution of Different Biogeographical Tintinnids in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

There were different biogeographical tintinnids in the oceans. Knowledge of their distribution pattern and mixing was important to the understanding of ecosystem functions. Yellow Sea (YS) and Bohai Sea (BS) were semi-enclosed seas influenced by warm water intrusion and YS cold bottom water. The occurrence of tintinnids in YS and BS during two cruises (summer and winter) were investigated to find out: i) whether warm-water tintinnids appeared in YS and BS; ii) whether boreal tintinnids appeared in high summer; iii) the core area of neritic tintinnids and iv) how these different biogeographical tintinnids mixed. Our results showed that tintinnid community was dominated by neritic tintinnid. We confirmed the occurrence of warm-water tintinnids in summer and winter. In summer, they intruded into BS and mainly distributed in the upper 20 m where Yellow Sea Surface Warm Water (YSSWW) developed. In winter, they were limited in the surface water of central deep region (bottom depth >50 m) of YS where were affected by Yellow Sea Warm Water (YSWW). Boreal tintinnids occurred in YS in high summer (August) and in winter, while they were not observed in BS. In summer, the highest abundance of boreal tintinnids occurred in Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water, indicating the presence of an oversummering stock. In winter, they were concentrated in the north of YSWW. Vertically, neritic tintinnids abundance was high in the bottom layers. Horizontally, high neritic tintinnids abundance in bottom layers occurred along the 50 m isobath coinciding with the position of front systems. Front systems were the core distribution area of neritic tintinnids. High abundance areas of warm-water and boreal tintinnids were clearly separated vertically in summer, and horizontally in winter. High abundance of neritic tintinnids rarely overlapped with that of warm-water or boreal tintinnids.     

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Pelagic Copepods in the North Yellow Sea

This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the abundance and biodiversity of pelagic copepods and their relationships with the environmental factors in the North Yellow Sea(NYS). These variations were analyzed on the basis of the survey data of the NYS in four seasons from 2006 to 2007. A total of 31 copepod species that belong to 17 genera, 13 families and 4 orders were identified in the four seasons. Of these copepods, the species belonging to Calanoida is the most abundant component. The dominant species include Calanus sinicus, Centropages abdominalis, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona plumifera, and Corycaeus affinis. C. sinicus is the most important and widely distributed dominant species in all of the seasons. The dominant species have not shown any significant variation for the past 50 years. However, the richness of warm-water species increased. The abundance of copepods significantly varied among different seasons: the average abundance was higher in spring(608.2 ind m~(-3)) and summer(385.1 ind m~(-3)) than in winter(186.5 ind m~(-3)) and autumn(128.0 ind m~(-3)). Factor analyses showed a high correlation between the spatial distributions of dominant copepods and environmental parameters, and Chl-a was the most important factor that influenced the distribution of copepods. This research can provide the fundamental information related to zooplankton, especially pelagic copepods. This research is also beneficial for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton ecology in the NYS.     

沈阳市城市功能区分布与人口活动研究

从精细尺度上研究城市功能区分布与人口活动规律对于政府和相关部门合理调节城市内部资源配置、安排城市设施布局具有重要意义。以沈阳市中心城区为例,根据核密度估计原理,基于兴趣点（POI）数据探索沈阳市中心功能区分布情况,通过解读多时相百度热力图数据,探索工作日和周末城区人口时空分布规律,即从城市人口活动和城市功能设施分布2个角度解读沈阳市中心城区空间结构与组织形式。借助SPSS 20.0分析人口热度和设施分布的相关性关系,建立多元线性回归模型。主要结论如下：① 沈阳市城市活力区呈现多中心分布模式,大多位于商业中心、金融中心或者城市功能复合中心。② 工作日人口高热区空间分布较周末更为分散,面积较大,早晚波动较大。周末人口高热区主要集中在商业中心和城市复合功能区且白天存在较大波动。③ 功能区分布与人口热度显著相关,其中生活服务设施、金融设施、交通设施、住宿设施和景点设施是工作日人口热度的主要影响因子;教育设施、餐饮设施、交通设施、金融设施和公共服务设施是周末人口热度的主要影响因子。     

中国城市群臭氧污染时空分布研究

随着中国城市建设进程的加快,中国的臭氧（O₃）污染逐渐受到重视。城市群是人口大国城镇化的主要空间载体,是城镇化的主体形态。截至2017年3月底,国务院共先后批复了6个国家级城市群,并提出要优化提升东部地区城市群,培育发展中西部地区城市群。另外,新的城市规模划分标准以城区常住人口为统计口径,将城市划分为5类7档。为了研究中国O₃污染的时空分布特征以及O₃污染与城市群之间的关系,利用地理探测器（Geographical detector）和演化树模型对2014年6月到2017年5月共36个月的O₃监测数据进行时空分析。结果表明：中国O₃污染水平呈现上升趋势,并在2017年迅速增长,O₃已成为仅次于PM_2.5的第二大污染因子,且与PM_2.5在时间上呈“交错污染”的态势;O₃污染超标城市绝大多数集中在城市群区域,其中长江三角洲城市群、京津冀城市群、山东半岛城市群和中原城市群相对突出;O₃和PM_2.5均不超标的城市主要集中在北部湾城市群和海峡西岸城市群;城市群中人口规模大的城市O₃污染较为严重。     

流沙湾浮游生物的群落结构与时空分布

于2008年3月至2009年2月对流沙湾浮游生物的群落结构及其动态变化特征进行了研究,结果表明,流沙湾共有浮游植物27属,隶属于5个门,其中硅藻门20属,绿藻门3属,蓝藻门2属,金藻门1属,甲藻门1属,角毛藻(Chaetoceros)、骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)为优势种;浮游植物生物量变化在0.11～23.63 mg L-1之间,平均为3.72 mg L-1,细胞密度平均为1.324 7×104个L-1。流沙湾共有浮游动物19种,其中原生动物10种,桡足类6种,枝角类、多毛类和轮虫类各1种,优势种类为原生动物中的拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis)、薄铃虫(Leprotintinnus),桡足类中的哲水蚤(Calanus),浮游幼体中的无节幼体(Nauplius);浮游动物生物量在0.08～7.24 mg L-1之间,平均为2.04 mg L-1,密度平均为8 186个L-1。水体交换能力差、大规模贝类养殖以及养殖造成的水体污染等因素,导致流沙湾浮游生物量、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数均处于较低水平,但有明显的水平分布和月变化。     

Picophytoplankton abundance and community structure in the Philippine Sea,western Pacific

Flow cytometric determinations of the abundance distribution and community structure of picophytoplankton (i.e.,Prochlorococcus spp.,orange fluorescence Synechococcus spp.and picoeukaryotes) were used for samples taken from the Philippine Sea in the western tropical Pacific Ocean from September to October of 2004.A fluorescence probe was employed to detect Chlorophyll a (Chl a).Abundances of Prochlorococcus spp.,orange fluorescence Synechococcus spp.and picoeukaryotes ranged from 0.1 to 58×103 cells ml-1,0.38 to 17×102 cells ml-1 and 0.42 to 26×102 cells ml-1,respectively.Synechococcus spp.and picoeukaryotes co-occurred in relatively shallow water with the maximum abundance observed at 50 to 70 m depth,while Prochlorococcus spp.only occurred in the 70 to 200 m layer.Prochlorococcus spp.was the dominant picophytoplankton population in terms of abundance and biomass.The cell size and carbon biomass content were estimated for the three picophytoplankton groups.In addition,among the three groups of picophytoplankton,the relative contribution of red fluorescence to the total red fluorescence varied with depth.The fluorescence and light scatter properties of individual cells indicated that in the upper 100 m layer,picoeukaryotes were a major contributor to total red fluorescence,while at the depth below 100 m,Prochlorococcus spp.and Synechococcus spp.made an important contribution to the total red fluorescence.