含铝多孔粘土材料的合成与研究

本文利用XRD、TEM等方法初步研究2：1型蒙脱石矿物及1：1规则间层的累脱石矿物与聚合羟基铝交联剂的层间交联作用，比较了不同制备条件下对形成含铝多孔粘土材料孔结构性质的影响。结果表明，适当增加Al／土值，采用PVA表面活性剂对粘土进行修饰改性有利于形成具有大孔结构的材料。     

粘土固体酸的表面酸性调控及其催化活性

固体酸是７０年代末发展起来的一类新型的催化材料,对有机反应具有较强的催化活性,且副反应少,产物易分离,污染少［１］。粘土固体酸是以蒙脱石类粘土为基质材料,通过采用不同的物理或化学方法在不同的条件下调控层间域而制备的,其催化活性和选择性与其表面酸的类型、浓度及强度等有关［２］,为此我们采用离子交换法,以不同类型的阳离子为取代剂,在不同条件下取代交换进入蒙脱石层间,研究制备方法及条件对表面酸性的影响,并考察了催化性能。１　实验部分１－１　原料与试剂钠基膨润土（浙江临安产,主要成分为蒙脱石,用沉降法提…     

层柱粘土材料制备与应用研究

简述了层柱粘土矿物材料研究与应用的现状和进展。利用粘土矿物蒙脱石作母体，通过大体积的铝、锆、硅等交联剂插层可制成层柱多孔材料，在酸催化、氧化还原催化中均有十分广阔的应用前景。研究表明，改进制备工艺后可提高层柱蒙脱石的热稳定性、比表面积和催化活性；通过酸或表面活性剂等预处理，再进行粘土的支撑，可以调节和控制层柱粘土的结构与性能；采用有机改性和模板导向等技术，可获得孔径介于大微孔和中孔之间的新型层柱粘土矿物材料，并应用于大分子催化反应与吸附，为粘土矿物材料合成和应用开辟了新方向。     

Surface Acidity of Amorphous Aluminum Hydroxide

The surface acidity of synthetic amorphous AI hydroxide was determined by acid/base titration with several complementary methods including solution analyses of the reacted solutions and XRD characterization of the reacted solids. The synthetic specimen was characterized to be the amorphous material showing four broad peaks in XRD pattern. XRD analyses of reacted solids after the titration experiments showed that amorphous AI hydroxide rapidly transformed to crystalline bayerite at the alkaline condition （pH〉10）. The solution analyses after and during the titration Ksp=^aAl^3＋/aH^＋^3 ,was 10^10.3. The amount of consumption of added acid or base during the titration experiment was attributed to both the protonation/deprotonation of dissolved AI species and surface hydroxyl group. The surface acidity constants, surface hydroxyl density and specific surface area were estimated by FITEQL 4.0.     

高粘性高盐量吹填土固结过程孔隙分维特征

真空预压处理吹填土地基的方法应用广泛,但塑料排水管经常会被吹填土细颗粒堵塞。为提高吹填土造陆效率,通过室内试验,研究了高粘性高盐量吹填土在自重沉淤和加负压联合作用下的固结规律,分析了吹填土取土点的工程地质特征。用易溶盐试验和X射线衍射分析方法确定吹填土中晶体的类型,并结合自重固结不同阶段的扫描电子显微镜微观结构照片,研究吹填土含盐量对排水效果的影响,总结高粘性高盐量吹填土固结排水时渗流通道变化规律。研究发现,随着吹填土含水量降低,晶体颗粒随水流失,渗流通道则处于不断变化的非稳定状态。同时,将分维数作为研究高粘性高盐量吹填土的微观结构指标,发现随着自重固结程度的增加,高粘性高盐量吹填土含水量减少,颗粒表面吸附能力下降,晶体颗粒逐渐脱离土颗粒表面,使土体孔隙和结构单元体颗粒发生规律性变化。     

Effect of Clay Minerals on Transport of Surfactants Dispersed Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in Porous Media

Clay minerals can hinder the transport of various contaminants in soil and aquifer, but how clay minerals affect the transport of nanoparticles in aquifers has not been investigated in depth. In this paper, the transport of surfactants dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in well-defined quartz sand and mixtures of quartz sand and clay minerals (kaolinite and montmorillonite) with varying ionic strengths was studied. Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and octyl-phenol-ethoxylate (TX100) MWCNT suspensions can migrate through quartz sand easily, but the presence of less than 2% w/w clay minerals in quartz sand can significantly hinder the transport of MWCNT suspensions, especially at high ion strength (0.6 mM CaCl2). The inhibition mechanism of clay minerals for surfactant-dispersed MWCNTs in porous media is the interception of MWCNTs. Kaolinite has stronger inhibition effect for MWCNTs transport than montmorillonite because more kaolinite can be retained in the quartz sand. Adsorption of surfactants by clay minerals does not affect the transport of MWCNTs significantly. This finding is important for the environmental assessment of MWCNT transport risks in soils and aquifers.     

黏土矿物—水界面的量子力学模拟研究

黏土矿物广泛分布于自然界中,其对地质和地球化学过程有重要意义,也是工业、环境等领域中的重要矿物材料。黏土矿物的众多物化性质均与其表界面结构和性质有关。作为实验研究方法的重要补充,量子力学模拟被广泛用于黏土表界面性质的研究。本文回顾了利用量子分子动力学模拟对黏土矿物-水界面性质的研究,包括表界面结构、表面酸度和离子络合等方面。     

多孔结构矿物（岩石）及其环境修复材料的实用性

具有多孔结构的矿物(岩石)作为一类特殊的工业原材料，在环境修复领域的应用前景正在成为研究热点。本文从微孔的尺度、结构、形态、成分等表面固体特征出发，概括性地论述了凹凸棒石、海泡石、蒙脱石、沸石、硅藻土等十几种多孔结构矿物(岩石)在环境修复工程中用作过滤材料、吸附剂、离子交换剂和催化剂等材料时的基本特征和使用时应注意的问题。     

Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol onto Oxide and Clay Minerals： Surface Reaction Model and Environmental Implications

The adsorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and iron oxides has been investigated by batch equilibrium techniques. The pH-dependent isotherms are curves with peak values, the position of which is at about pH = 5-6 depending on the mineral species. Based on distribution of both speciation of surface hydroxyls on minerals and PCP in solution a surface reaction model involving surface complexation and surface electrostatic attraction is presented to fit the pH-dependent isotherms, and both reaction constants are calculated. The results show that on quartz and phyllosilicate minerals the predominant adsorption reaction is surface complexation, meanwhile both of surface electrostatic attraction and surface complexation are involved on the iron oxide minerals. The reaction constants of surface electrostatic adsorption are usually one to three orders in magnitude, larger than that of surface complexation. The concentration-dependent isotherms can be well fitted by Langmnir equation with the correlation coefficient R〉0.93 for kaolinite and iron oxides. The maximum adsorption is found in the order： hematite 〉 lepidocrocite 〉 goethite 〉 kaolinite 〉 quartz 〉 montmorillonite ≈ illite, which can be interpreted by consideration of both reaction mechanism and surface hydroxyl density. The significant adsorption of PCP onto mineral surfaces suggests that clay and iron oxide minerals will play an important role as HIOCs are adsorbed in laterite or latertoid soil, which is widespread in South China.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷兴安岭群储层粘土矿物组成及特征研究

海拉尔盆地地质条件及其复杂,储层粘土矿物含量高,极大影响了油气资源的高效开发。通过对X-射线衍射,偏光显微镜观察和扫描电镜分析,确定贝尔凹陷贝16断块兴安岭群粘土类型及含量,阐明了其组合及纵向分布特征,并对水敏性极强的钠蒙脱石及其间层矿物进行了详细研究。研究表明,兴安岭群储层自上而下存在3种粘土矿物组合：S＋K＋（C）→K＋I／S＋I＋（C）→I＋C＋S／C＋I／S。由地层浅部到深部,粘土矿物含量呈现由高到低的变化规律。凝灰质的水解蚀变及长石和中、酸性岩屑在成岩过程中的次生变化是造成海拉尔地区粘土含量高的主要原因。     

葡西地区油气储层泥质与粘土含量的计算方法研究

泥质和粘土含量是储层评价中很关键的参数,但是其解释精度一直难有很大的提高。以大庆油田西部地区的储层为例,研究了提高解释精度的方法。首先对粒度和X衍射粘土分析数据的用途和质量检查方法进行讨论。对自然伽马、自然电位等多种方法计算泥质含量的效果进行了对比,筛选了适合本区的解释方法。在此基础上,进一步对砂岩、泥岩参数的选取方法进行了研究,提出了变砂岩参数和分层平均方法。应用结果表明,在研究的区域,采用本文论述的方法计算泥质含量和粘土含量,比以往的解释精度有了大幅度的提高。