辽宁后仙峪硼矿区混合岩的LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄：对硼矿成矿演化的制约

辽东硼矿赋存于辽吉裂谷带的古元古代火山—沉积岩系之中,属沉积—变质型硼矿床,主矿区包括有后仙峪硼镁矿、翁泉沟硼铁矿和砖庙—杨木杆硼镁矿,一直以来是我国硼矿石的主产地。本次研究在后仙峪硼矿区采集了矿区外围的条痕状混合花岗岩(DSQ-08)和矿体上盘侵位于电英岩之中的含电气石混合花岗岩(HXY-19),挑选出其中的锆石单矿物进行LA-MC-ICP-MS测年。条痕状混合花岗岩中锆石的核部具有岩浆振荡环带,Th/U值为0.64~0.96,~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为2240±4Ma;含电气石混合花岗岩中锆石的内核和边部均具有极为清晰的岩浆振荡环带,Th/U值分别为0.12~1.05和0.41~1.08,~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄分别记录了2157±6Ma和1932±26Ma两次锆石生长事件。含电气石的混合花岗岩的锆石边部形成于混合岩化过程之中,记录了辽河群下部岩石在1.9Ga左右发生的部分熔融作用事件,具有重要的地质意义。矿区外围的条痕状混合花岗岩和矿体周缘含电气石混合花岗岩的核部岩浆年龄较为接近,说明两种岩石可能均由古元古代的火山—沉积岩,在1.9Ga左右经部分熔融作用形成。因此,结合前人在后仙峪硼矿区内进行的硼同位素地球化学和岩相学方面的研究成果,我们认为后仙峪硼矿区混合花岗岩的锆石核部U-Pb年龄可基本确定辽吉裂谷早期的超基性火山岩和酸性火山岩的喷发、海相蒸发沉积事件均发生于2240~2157Ma左右,该时期的蒸发沉积作用初步形成硼酸盐矿;后期强烈的部分熔融和混合岩化作用发生在1932±26Ma,在超基性火山岩保护下,硼矿发生变质和小规模的迁移,形成了硼镁矿、硼镁铁矿及矿体周缘的电英岩和含电气石混合花岗岩。     

藏南东部麻玛沟地区早古生代与中新世岩浆作用及其意义

喜马拉雅造山带东部错那县麻玛沟地区发育多种类型的花岗片麻岩和淡色花岗岩。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb地质年代学研究结果表明：花岗片麻岩(MM15)原岩结晶年龄为500.7±4.5Ma,含石榴子石淡色花岗岩中携带的继承性核部锆石年龄为498.6±3.4Ma,表明该地区经历了早古生代的岩浆作用事件。淡色花岗岩的结晶年龄区间为15.7~25.1Ma之间,为白云母脱水熔融的产物,可能是晚元古代-早古生代花岗质岩石发生低程度部分熔融的结果。锆石形态学表明该区的花岗片麻岩和淡色花岗岩均为过铝质花岗岩,并相对富集Cs、Rb、U、Pb,亏损Zr、Hf和低Nb/Ta比值,属于造山型花岗岩,支持该区域古生代岩浆作用事件与俯冲-碰撞造山作用相关,不是被动大陆边缘构造背景。结合前人数据推断：(1)从晚元古代末期开始,原特提斯洋向印度大陆的初始俯冲为自东向西的俯冲扩展模式;和(2)喜马拉雅造山带中新世淡色花岗岩为白云母脱水熔融和水致白云母熔融共同作用的结果,岩浆活动至少存在五个相。

     

天山东段1.4Ga花岗闪长质片麻岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

天山最东段星星峡地区出露的片麻岩、混合岩和斜长角闪岩等,一直被看作是东天山最老的地层星星峡群,实际上是中—新元古代变质杂岩体。用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年技术分析了星星峡花岗闪长质片麻岩中19颗锆石,由其中谐和性较好的14个锆石的分析结果得到206Pb/238U和207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为(1436±13)Ma(2σ)和(1405.2±7.8)Ma(2σ),为天山东段星星峡花岗闪长岩的形成年龄,从而确定了天山造山带中元古代基底岩浆岩形成的时间,与北美及欧洲大陆广泛存在的1.4Ga岩浆活动具有同时性,对进一步思考天山造山带中1.4Ga岩浆活动形成的古陆块在前Rodinia大陆时期的归属有重要意义。主元素和微量元素研究结果显示星星峡1.4Ga花岗闪长岩具有岛弧岩浆岩特征,与北美中部大陆和欧洲大陆Fennoscandia的中元古代非造山作用形成的岩浆岩有所不同。另外,片麻岩中有的锆石具有新的生长边,并给出年轻化和较大的不一致年龄,说明1.4Ga片麻岩不同程度地受到新元古代(0.9～1.1Ga)变质作用和岩浆活动的改造,同时形成一些混合岩和花岗片麻岩。19颗锆石分析数据中有1个锆石的207Pb/206Pb比值年龄为(1845±23)Ma,与该片麻岩的Nd模式年龄相一致,可能代表更古老地壳物质中的残留锆石。     

海南公爱地区抱板群花岗片麻岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

海南岛地处华南陆块南缘,紧邻印支陆块,大地构造位置独特,其地质特征一直备受关注。厘定该地区中元古代岩石的成因对恢复华南中元古代构造演化具有重要意义。海南岛西部公爱地区花岗质岩石与围岩抱板群变沉积岩呈侵入接触关系,绝大部分岩石片麻状构造发育、韧性剪切标志明显。这些岩石高SiO_2、K_2O、Al_2O_3、Rb、U,贫CaO、MgO、FeO~T、TiO_2,铝饱和指数A/CNK1.1,具S型花岗岩特点,稀土元素配分模式类似于抱板群变沉积岩,全岩ε_(Nd)(t)=-2.02~-2.38,Nd同位素二阶段亏损模式年龄(t_(DM2)~(Nd))为2.2~2.3 Ga,锆石Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)=-5.4~4.0,Hf同位素二阶段亏损模式年龄t_(DM2)~(Hf)=1.71~2.53 Ga。对四个代表性花岗片麻岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,其~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb加权平均年龄为1444±15 Ma、1439±19 Ma、1433±31 Ma和1450±23 Ma,属中元古代。综合区域研究资料认为,海南岛西部公爱地区中元古代花岗质岩石的熔融源区为类似抱板群变沉积岩组分,推测其产出于大陆边缘构造背景,是哥伦比亚超大陆边缘的增生产物。     

桂东南大容山晚二叠世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对桂东南大容山花岗岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb定年及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究,3个花岗岩样品获得的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为253.6±2.1Ma、256.4±1.8Ma和256.8±2.8Ma,暗示其形成于晚二叠世,而不是早—中三叠世;岩体的ε_(Nd)(t)和ε_(Hf)(t)值均为负值,分别集中于-9.18~-13.4和-5.5~-6.7之间,对应的两阶段Nd模式年龄(tDMc)和Hf模式年龄(TDM2)分别为1.55~1.84Ga和1.64~1.71Ga,表明岩体物质的源区主要为古元古代—中元古代的壳源物质。结合区域已有的研究成果,认为其形成可能与华南板块和印支地块之间在海西期—印支期的俯冲/碰撞拼合有关。     

中条山涑水杂岩中TTG片麻岩的锆石Hf同位素特征及其形成环境

中条山前寒武纪涑水杂岩主要由西姚和寨子英云闪长质-奥长花岗质-花岗闪长质(TTG)片麻岩、横岭关和北峪钙碱性花岗质岩石组成.SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,西姚石英闪长质片麻岩207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2536±8Ma,是新太古代的产物;西姚和寨子TTG片麻岩及横岭关和北峪钙碱性花岗质岩石岩浆锆石Hf同位素组成εHf(t)全为正值,且在t-εHf(t)图解上,落在2.6～3.1Ga地壳演化线范围内.北峪钙碱性花岗质岩石中三个继承锆石核的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2633±84Ma,其锆石εHf(t)值为-2.0～ 5.6.前寒武纪涞水杂岩中花岗质岩石的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石Hf同位素特征揭示它们最可能形成于新太古代到古元古代,岩浆主要来源于约2650Ma初生地壳的部分熔融,并有更古老的地壳物质的加入.     

藏南也拉香波早渐新世富钠过铝质淡色花岗岩的成因机制及其构造动力学意义

藏南也拉香波穹隆位于近东西向展布的北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆(NHGD)最东端,主要由石榴角闪岩、石榴石云母片麻岩、二云母花岗岩和淡色花岗岩组成.SHRIMP锆石U/Pb定年结果表明也拉淡色花岗岩的结晶年龄为35.3±1.1Ma,明显老于位于该穹隆以西类似的淡色花岗岩(年龄普遍<25Ma).全岩元素和Sr-Nd同位素测试结果揭示：(1)也拉香波淡色花岗岩为过铝质富钠花岗岩;(2)与片麻岩相似,也拉香波淡色花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如K,Sr,Rb和Ba),但亏损Ti,Y,Yb,Sc和Cr;(3)和片麻岩或角闪岩相比,也拉香波淡色花岗岩同时亏损LREE和HREE,但与HREE相比,LREE相对富集;(4)在Sr-Nd同位素系统特征上.淡色花岗岩初始Sr同位素比值与角闪岩的相当,在0.711949～0.719344之间;但远小于片麻岩.而Nd同位素组成在片麻岩和角闪岩之间,在-8.9～-15.0之间.以石榴角闪岩和片麻岩为端元,简单混合计算表明：由石榴角闪岩为主和片麻岩为辅组成的混合源区发生部分熔融作用,各自产生的熔体进行不同程度的混合,可形成类似于也拉香波淡色花岗岩成分的岩浆,其中角闪岩的部分熔融起主要作用.使用Zr在岩浆中的饱和浓度温度计得出岩浆的平均温度为673℃,在此温度下,变泥质片麻岩在高压(～10kbar)条件下的水致部分熔融和角闪岩部分熔融都可形成也拉过铝质富钠淡色花岗岩,但角闪岩的脱水部分熔融起主导作用.在地壳增厚条件下,下地壳角闪岩的部分熔融可能是导致喜玛拉雅造山带从缩短增厚向伸展垮塌转换的主要因素之一.     

藏南错那洞花岗质片麻岩锆石年龄、Hf同位素及其对原特提斯洋演化的启示

错那洞穹隆是藏南特提斯喜马拉雅地区新发现的一个片麻岩穹隆构造。穹隆核部发育一套早古生代眼球状片麻岩。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,利用LA-(MC)-ICP-MS对花岗质片麻岩2个样品的锆石开展U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析。片麻岩中的锆石发育核-幔-边结构,核部为具溶蚀港湾结构的继承锆石,幔部为具韵律(震荡)环带的岩浆锆石,边部(增生边)为重熔变质成因的黑锆石。岩浆锆石幔部的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为(500.6±2.6)Ma～(501.1±2.5)Ma,代表该片麻岩的早古生代岩浆结晶年龄。边部变质锆石的新生代重熔年龄为(37.7±0.5)Ma,可能代表藏南拆离系的启动时间。早古生代岩浆锆石幔部的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-2.1-+5.3 (平均值为+2.2),Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄(TDM2)为1.1～1.6 Ga(平均值为1.3 Ga),表明其源岩起源于高喜马拉雅元古宙地层的部分熔融。结合区域内早古生代岩浆活动和新生代穹隆构造变质事件,本文认为错那洞花岗质片麻岩的形成受控于早古生代原特提斯洋壳板片向冈瓦纳大陆下俯冲的造山作用,同时记录了新生代印度一欧亚大陆碰撞造山后的变质和深熔事件。     

西藏喜马拉雅成矿带错那洞超大型铍锡钨多金属矿床的发现及意义

经过地质调查工作在西藏喜马拉雅成矿带东段扎西康矿集区南部新识别出由花岗片麻岩、强变形片岩和弱变质板岩组成的错那洞大型片麻岩穹隆构造系统。穹隆核部侵入的淡色花岗岩主体为含电气石和石榴子石的二云母花岗岩,具多期侵入的特征,其中与成矿有关的中细粒电气石二云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(16.64±0.38)Ma。在岩体边部强变形的片岩带中新发现了环穹隆展布,层位稳定的矽卡岩带和厚大的铍多金属工业矿体。预查工作通过稀疏地表工程控制,证实铍达到超大型规模,共生的锡、钨达到大型矿床规模,揭示出西藏喜马拉雅成矿带除原有的铅锌、金锑等矿种外,铍锡钨多金属还具有巨大的找矿潜力。该首次发现和报道的超大型铍锡钨多金属矿床对再认识喜马拉雅成矿带新生代构造-岩浆演化与成矿作用,指导区域找矿具有重要的意义。     

柴北缘托莫尔日特古元古代变质基底的发现——对早古生代缝合线位置的约束

柴北缘构造带东部托莫尔日特地区发现了古元古代片麻岩和斜长角闪岩,其构造归属对认识区域构造格局具有重要意义。托莫尔日特地区发育大量早古生代火山-沉积岩、蛇绿岩和侵入岩,片麻岩和其中透镜状斜长角闪岩仅出露于填图区东北侧,其原岩分别为花岗闪长岩和基性岩。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得片麻岩和斜长角闪岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄分别为2413±28 Ma（上交点年龄,n=29,MSWD=2.3）、1966±46 Ma（207Pb/206Pb年龄加权平均值,n=4,MSWD=1.7）和1922±22 Ma（上交点年龄,n=29,MSWD=1.3）。结合锆石特征认为,2413±28 Ma可代表片麻岩原岩岩浆的结晶年龄,1966±46 Ma和1922±22 Ma可分别代表片麻岩和斜长角闪岩的变质年龄。片麻岩具有典型埃达克岩高Sr低Y的地球化学特征,MgO、Cr和Ni含量较低,锆石εHf（t）值介于-0.8~+4.0之间,二阶段模式年龄为2704~2965 Ma,全岩εNd（t）值介于+0.8~+1.6之间,显示其可能为加厚下地壳部分熔融成因。古元古代变质岩的岩石组合、地球化学特征、形成时代等均与北侧德令哈杂岩特征一致,表明其属于北侧欧龙布鲁克地块变质基底,而非柴北缘构造带。这一认识约束了柴北缘缝合线的位置,进一步将该地区缝合线限定在赛坝沟蛇绿岩和古元古代变质岩之间很窄的范围内。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861