Disposal of wastewater containing Congo Red by synthesizing layer double hydroxide in-situ

Based on the principle of synthesis, a new method was put forward to dispose Congo Red anion-containing dyestuff from wastewater and its feasibility was also examined. The principle of the method is described as follows: Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ are hydrolyzed to form Mg/Al-LDH by adding Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and NaOH in wastewater containing anion dyestuff, which is selectively intercalated with the interlayer of LDH in order to balance positive structural charge. While Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ are co-precipitated to form LDH, the anion dyestuff in wastewater will be removed by LDH synthesized in-situ, as is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of settlings and chemical analysis of aqueous samples. In this work, we studied the influence of Mg/Al mole ratio, pH value, time and temperature of reaction on the removal of anion dyestuff and the use of Mg and Al. The experimental results showed the maximum removal efficiency of anion dyestuff could be attained when pH value was 9.0, and Mg/Al mol ratio was 2: 1, reaction duration was 2 hours, and the effect of temperature was not remarkable, and the removal efficiency could reach 100%. Meanwhile, the Mg and Al added could be made good use of. This technology has the advantage of extraordinary efficiency of wastewater disposal. Foundation item: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40472026).     

即时合成层状双氢氧化物处理高氟水的实验研究

提出了即时合成层状双氢氧化物去除F-的新方法,并初步揭示了反应的基本原理:首先由Mg2 、Al3 水解共沉淀形成LDH,然后F-嵌入LDH层间平衡结构电荷,从而使F-离子以LDH沉淀的形式被去除。研究结果表明,影响处理效果的因素包括Mg/Al比值、pH值、反应时间等。当Mg/Al为2∶1,pH值为9.5,反应时间为120 min时,F-去除率较高,Mg、Al利用比较充分,显示这种废水处理技术具有非常好的研究价值。     

Study on the adsorption kinetics of orthophosphate anions on layer double hydroxide

A kinetic study was conducted on the adsorption of orthophosphate anions on layer double hydroxide (LDH). The adsorption has proved itself to be a spontaneous endothermic process and is large in capacity and rate. The adsorption isotherm correlates well with the Freundlich model, and a rise in temperature will lead to an increase in adsorption efficiency. Additionally, the results suggested that the adsorption is an entropy-increasing process and is in good agreement with the pseudo-second order kinetics. The free energy (ΔG) of adsorption of orthophosphate onto LDH varies within the range of −1.75–−3.34 kJ/mol, the enthalpy (ΔH) varies by 7.96 kJ/mol and the entropy (ΔS) by 33.59 kJ/mol. The adsorption activation energy is 8.3 kJ/mol, showing that the adsorption of orthophosphate onto LDH is determined to be a physical adsorption.     

贵州水银洞卡林型金矿床首次发现大量次显微-显微可见自然金颗粒

在贵州水银洞卡林型金矿床原生富矿石的一条含砷黄铁矿细脉中发现有100余粒次显微-显微自然金颗粒(0.1~6μm),并具有清晰的显微岩相学结构。提出了该类型金矿次显微-显微可见自然金颗粒的形成过程可能与含Au热液-岩石相互作用过程中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放Fe的大量硫化物化而导致热液中Au的过饱和有关,含Fe碳酸盐赋矿围岩是形成高品位大型卡林型金矿床最重要的控制因素之一。     

即时合成Zn-Mg-Al层状双氢氧化物处理含Zn2+废水实验研究

在模拟含Zn2 废水中加入Mg2 和Al3 ,以NaOH为沉淀剂,研究金属盐水解即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)去除Zn2 的可行性。详细探讨了体系终点pH值、配料中Mg2 /Zn2 摩尔比值及反应温度和时间对Zn2 去除率的影响,结合X射线衍射分析(XRD)探讨了Zn2 去除机理,并与化学沉淀法进行了比较。结果表明,实验条件下只有pH值显著影响Zn2 去除率(p<0.05),在9.0~11.0范围内去除效果最佳,达99%以上。通过XRD分析结合即时合成法特点,废水中Zn2 主要是在晶体生成阶段以Zn-Mg-Al三元LDH化合物形式被去除的。与化学沉淀法相比,即时合成法效果更好,适用pH值范围更广,用来处理含Zn2 废水更具优势。     

物理化学条件对合成Mg／Al-LDH结晶度和结构的影响

采用共沉淀法在不同物理条件下合成了一系列镁铝层状双氢氧化物(LDH),用化学分析、XRD和红外光谱对产物的组成与结构进行了表征,并探讨了初始溶液Mg/Al比、平衡pH值、水热反应温度、干燥温度等因素对合成LDH产物的结晶度、Mg/Al比、结构以及镁铝水解率的影响。结果表明,在实验条件范围内,最佳的合成条件为:初始Mg/Al比为2∶1,pH值为10,合成温度50℃,在此条件下固体产物为单一LDH物相,合成LDH的Mg/Al比为2∶1,镁铝水解率分别为99.21%和98.97%,结晶度高,可以实现在较低的温度下水热合成LDH。由于在LDH结构中Al3 替代Mg2 的量不同,导致X衍射分析d值和晶胞参数呈规律性变化。     

应用FTIR-XRD-XRF分析测试技术研究新型仿制绿松石的矿物学特征

近年来绿松石及其仿制品的鉴定工作较多局限于应用傅里叶变换红外光谱对仿制品进行简单的筛选,前人报道的仿制绿松石的矿物组成主要为单一的矿物相(如异极矿、三水铝石、磷铝石、羟硅硼钙石、菱镁矿等)。本文应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)与X射线荧光光谱(XRF)对当前珠宝市场上几种新型仿制绿松石进行了初步分类,并对不同类别的仿制绿松石的具体矿物组成、物相及晶型特征作了对比研究。结果表明,这些新型仿制绿松石可分为三大类:一类主要由硅酸盐(斜硅钙石)与碳酸盐(方解石)两种矿物组成;另一类为白云石与方解石两种碳酸盐矿物的混合相;第三类以硅酸盐类为主要矿物,并含有钡长石、辉石与石英。显然,新型仿制绿松石的矿物组成明显相异于传统仿制品,可见仿制绿松石的矿物组成日趋多样性、复杂化,该现状必然对新型仿制样品的物相鉴定提出了更高的要求。