华北克拉通中元古代基性岩墙群形成机制及构造应力场

本文通过研究华北克拉通中部中元古代基性岩墙群的单体形态和分布规律,分析岩墙群形成的力学机制,认为这些基性岩墙群主要是基性岩浆侵位于先存的张性或张剪性破裂中而成。晋北地区和五台－太行山地区的岩墙群主要为张剪性的,吕梁山地区和中条山地区的主要为张性。根据岩墙群的分布规律、侵位方向和力学机制及其与燕辽－中条拗拉槽系之间的关系,认为华北克拉通中部中元古代的区域构造应力场是张性和张剪性构造环境,其主压应力来     

新太古-古元古代华北陆块构造演化的研究进展

在过去的二十年里 ,华北克拉通早期陆块形成和演化的研究进展是中国固体地球科学研究领域最为显著的成果之一。第一个十年代表性的工作包括深变质变形的层状岩系与块状岩系的识别与成因研究、高级区与绿岩带的划分、构造样式与变形序列研究、变质历史与变质动力学、年代学与地质事件的研究等。第二个十年的研究重点是如何认识和理解早期大陆地壳的性质和它们的形成与演化过程。代表性的进展包括均匀域与地质体的划分、古老微陆块的识别、残留洋壳与早期陆壳的形成、下地壳组成和性质、大陆拼贴机制、古地幔柱构造与前Rodinia超大陆旋回等。其中高压麻粒岩地体和退变质榴辉岩的发现 ,是华北早前寒武纪研究中最重要的进展 ,它为早期大陆的拼合机制、地壳的深部结构和古老下地壳与现代的对比等多个领域打开了新的研究思路。对新太古 -早元古代的重大地质事件的厘定已表明 ,华北主要的地壳生长期是在 2 9～ 2 7亿年 ,但 2 5和 18亿两期事件是重大的事件 ,虽然对其性质尚存争议 ,但越来越多的证据把它们与超大陆和地幔柱构造相联系。     

华北陆块北部燕山地区中元古代辉绿岩地球化学特征及成因意义

华北陆块北部燕山地区广泛发育侵位于下马岭组的一套辉绿岩岩床。其岩石地球化学特征表明,燕山地区辉绿岩以高TiO2(1.70%~4.29%),低Al2O3(11.33%~14.98%)和低MgO(4.17%~5.86%),以及Na2OK2O为特征,属大陆拉斑玄武岩系列。稀土元素特征显示,∑REE总量较高,LREE明显富集,轻重稀土分馏不明显;配分曲线右倾,无明显Eu异常。结合Zr-Y、Zr-Nd、Zr/Y-Zr、Ti/100-Zr-Y×3、Ta/Hf-Th/Hf及Nb/Zr-Th/Zr等图解综合分析认为:该辉绿岩岩浆源自过渡性地幔,形成于华北陆块北部中元古代晚期的板内伸展构造背景。     

恒山中元古代早期基性岩墙群的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄及其克拉通构造演化意义

华北克拉通中北部变质基底发育大规模的前寒武纪基性岩墙群,由于基性岩墙同位素定年技术存在问题,因此一直未获得岩墙群的确切年龄数据。本文利用单颗粒锆石U-Pb化学法,首次获得恒山地区北西向基性岩墙群的U-Pb年龄为1769.1±2.5Ma,并证明它代表基性岩墙群的侵位年龄,这一年龄数据也是华北克拉通大规模分布的未变质基性岩墙群已知的最古老年龄。综合分析同期岩浆活动的同位素年龄记录,本文提出中元古代早期华北的岩浆侵位发生于伸展构造背景下。     

新太古—古元古代华北陆块构造演化的研究进展

在过去的二十年里，华北克位通早期陆块形成和演化的研究会是展是中国固体地球科学研究领域最为显著的成果之一，第一个十年代表性的工作包括深变质变形的层状岩系与块状岩系的误与成因研究，高级区与绿岩带的划分，构造样式与变形序列研究，变质历史与变质动力学，年代学与地质事件的研究等，第二个十年的研究重点是如何认识和理解早期在陆地壳的性质和它们的形成与演化过程，代表性的进展包括均匀域与地质体的划分，古老微陆块的识别，残留洋壳与早期陆壳形成，下地壳组成和性质，大陆拼贴机制，古地幔柱构造与前Rodinia超大陆旋回等，其中高压麻粒岩地体和退变质榴辉岩的发现，是华北早前寒武纪研究中最重要的进展，它为早期大陆的拼合机制，地壳的深部结构和古老下地壳与现代的对比等多个领域打开了新的研究思,对新太古-古元古代的重大地质事件的厘定已表明，华北主要的地壳生长期是在29－27亿年，但25和18亿两期事件是重大的事件，虽然对其性质尚存争议,但越来越多的证据把它们与超大陆和地幔柱构造相联系。     

天镇-怀安地区变质基性岩墙群:华北克拉通古元古代末期碰撞-伸展构造体制转换标志

古元古代是华北克拉通形成过程中重要的造山构造演化阶段,该阶段形成的基性岩墙群,为深入理解裂解-俯冲-碰撞-抬升的造山构造-岩浆过程提供了重要信息.本文报道了天镇-怀安地区广泛分布于新太古代-古元古代变质基底中的变质基性岩墙（二辉麻粒岩）,野外产状与区域主期构造面理协调一致,主要由单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石和少量角闪石组成.LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素定年获得变质基性岩墙的变质年龄为1 820~1 834 Ma,与区内麻粒岩相变质事件一致,结合区域基性岩墙年龄记录,推测其原岩形成年龄为1.95~1.91 Ga.根据岩石地球化学特征可将变质基性岩墙划分为高Mg低Ti型和低Mg高Ti型两类,两者经历了不同程度的橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶.两类基性岩墙均亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr和Hf）,结合锆石Hf同位素分析,研究表明基性岩墙来源于俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔或者受到过地壳物质的混染.华北克拉通古元古代存在2.16~2.04 Ga和1.97~1.83 Ga两期基性岩墙侵位事件:早期代表在初始克拉通基础上发生的板内裂解过程,晚期记录了由俯冲碰撞到伸展的转换过程,即碰撞造山构造体制由水平挤压转变为垂向抬升,构造转换时限大致介于1.95~1.91 Ga.      

早元古代滹沱群变玄武岩岩石地球化学及构造环境

早元古代滹沱群存在先后两期火山岩，早期青石村组变玄武岩呈灰黑色，致密块状构造，主要岩类为玄武岩，部分为玄武安山岩，玄武粗安岩，具有与火山弧玄武相似的成分特点；晚期河边村组变玄武岩呈灰绿色。片理发育，主要岩类为碱玄岩为碧玄岩。具有典型板内玄武岩的成分特点。     

华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区1.78Ga基性岩墙群的地球化学特征及构造环境

幔源岩浆侵位产生的基性岩墙群是地壳伸展裂解的重要标志。华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区出露有大量的中元古代基性岩墙群,对其研究将有助于深入了解华北克拉通中元古代构造演化特征。其岩石类型以辉绿岩为主,少量辉长辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩;主要造岩矿物为斜长石和单斜辉石,其它矿物包括角闪石、Fe-Ti氧化物、磷灰石、黑云母、碱性长石和石英。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为1785±18Ma,代表岩墙的结晶年龄。岩石K2O+Na2O含量为3.63%～6.18%,K2O/Na2O比值为0.73～1.38,FeOT含量较高(10.03%～13.59%),属于拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石的稀土元素含量高(142×10-6～381×10-6),亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,富集Rb、Ba、La等大离子亲石元素,全岩εNd(t)值为-6.2～-8.1。岩墙的固结指数(SI)和MgO含量呈明显的正相关关系,说明幔源岩浆发生过明显的结晶分异作用。地球化学分析表明,研究区基性岩墙属于板内拉斑玄武岩系列,与熊耳群火山岩有相似的地球化学特征;基于两者紧密的产出关系,我们认为该区岩墙可能是熊耳群火山岩的通道岩墙,共同代表了华北克拉通东、西陆块碰撞后伸展事件。     

武当山地块基性岩墙群地球化学研究及其大地构造意义

武当山地块基性岩墙群的地球化学特征表明,它们为具大陆拉斑玄武央珠大陆板内岸 浆侵入的产物,是古陆块裂并保存在造山带内基底岩块的重要证据,这表明南秦岭和扬子板块曾存在晋宁期固结的统一古陆块,该古陆块在新元古代早期发生了一次重要的裂解作用。     

华北地块北缘太古-早元古代构造变形特征及其成矿作用

(1)太古-早元古代变质岩系 太古-早元古代变质岩系本区出露有中国最古老的结晶基底,主要由三大套变质岩系组成。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mafic Dikes from Hainan Island and Tectonic Implications

Abstract: In the present study, the major and trace element compositions, as well as Sr, Nd isotopic compositions and K-Ar age data in mafic dikes from Hainan Island, China, have been analyzed. Whole-rock K-Ar dating yielded a magmatic duration of 61–98 Ma for mafic dikes. Mafic dikes have a very high concentration of incompatible elements, for example, Ba, Rb, Sr, K, rare earth elements, and especially light rare earth elements (LREE), and negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti in the normalized trace element patterns. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εSr(t) of the mafic dikes are 0.70634–0.71193 and +27.7 to +112.2, respectively. In the 87Sr/86Sr versus εNd(t) diagram, the Hainan Island mafic dikes plot between fields for depleted mantle and enriched mantle type 2. All these characteristics show that the mantle (source region) of mafic dikes in this area experienced metasomatism by fluids relatively enriched in LREE and large ion lithophile elements. The genesis of Hainan Island mafic dikes is explained as a result of the mixing of asthenospheric mantle with lithospheric mantle that experienced metasomatism by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. This is different from the Hainan Island Cenozoic basalts mainly derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle, and possibly, minor metasomatised lithospheric mantle. This study suggests that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric revolutions in Hainan Island can be divided into three stages: (1) the compression orogenesis stage before 98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is the subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate beneath this area. The lithospheric mantle changed into enriched mantle type 2 by metasomatism; (2) the thinning and extension stage during 61–98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is that the asthenospheric mantle invaded and corroded the lithospheric mantle; and (3) the large-scale thinning and extension stage after 61 Ma. The large-scale asthenospheric upwelling results in the strong erupting of Cenozoic basalts, large-scale thinning of the lithosphere, the southward translating and counterclockwise rotating of Hainan Island, and the opening of the South China Sea.     

赣杭构造带中西段中生代基性脉岩地球化学特征

赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%~53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段(广丰)—中西段交接部(余江、东乡)—西段(永丰、峡江)的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大((87Sr/86Sr)i为0.704 635~0.708 769,(143Nd/144Nd)i为0.512 173~0.512 758,εNd(t)为-6.8~ 5.6),暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部(东乡、余江)及西段(峡江)为亏损地幔,而西段(永丰)和中段(广丰)为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段(永丰)受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关。     

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Jurassic Granites in the Xingcheng Area, Northeastern North China Craton

New integrated geochemical studies are reported for Jurassic granites of the Xingcheng area in the northeastern North China Craton. U–Pb zircon data indicate that the Huashan and Taili monzogranites were emplaced during the Early (189 ± 2 Ma) and Late (155 ± 1 Ma) Jurassic, respectively. They are typical of high-K calc-alkaline series rocks and I-type granites, according to our whole-rock geochemical researches. Both Early and Late Jurassic monzogranites show adakitic rock characteristics because of their high Sr contents (221–347 ppm) and Sr/Y ratios (28.7–37.5), and low Y contents (7.83–14.7 ppm). The Early Jurassic monzogranite samples have an (87Sr/86Sr)i ratio of 0.7046, εNd(t) values of ?11.62 to ?11.51, and εHf(t) values of ?13.6 to ?6.4, whereas the Late Jurassic monzogranites have higher (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7069–0.7071 and lower εNd(t) (?20.65 to ?20.46) and εHf(t) (?27.6 to ?20.0) values. We suggest that the Early Jurassic adakitic rocks were derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust contaminated with mantle-derived materials, related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. The Late Jurassic adakitic rocks were derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust in an extensional tectonic setting associated with an active continental margin.     

华北克拉通的变质沉积岩及其克拉通的构造划分

早前寒武纪花岗质岩年龄统计结果显示,华北克拉通经历了3.8,3.3,2.9,2.5和1.8~1.9 Ga等多个旋回才从陆核成长为陆台,与之对应沉积岩也由少变多,大约以500 Ma为一周期。由于沉积作用出现在成陆间歇期,所以二者在时间上相间互补,其状如同显生宙超大陆裂解和拼合的周期交替。这一现象不但是地壳演化的普遍规律,而且也可反过来用沉积岩反映陆壳的演化。然而,早前寒武纪尤其是太古宙的沉积岩毕竟太少,无法用来恢复当时古陆块的面貌,但古元古代的特别是陆缘沉积的孔兹岩,尽管已进入下地壳并成为克拉通基底的组成,则以保存甚多、分布延续,使其重塑克拉通的拼合成为可能。已有的华北克拉通的构造划分方案多种多样,但以陆缘沉积的古元古代孔兹岩作为地块的边界,理当最能反映当时古陆块的面貌。因此,以孔兹岩为主要依据,并综合考虑岩石组合、构造环境、变质p-T轨迹、同位素年龄、以及不变质的沉积盖层等地质特征,将华北克拉通主体从西往东划分为：鄂尔多斯地块 / 晋蒙弧形拼合带 / 冀鲁豫地块 /（郯庐断裂）/ 胶辽地块群等构造单元,所得到的不同于以往的构造轮廓,显示华北陆台并非一统的太古宙克拉通,而是吕梁运动拼合成的古元古代大陆。     

Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the age and origin of mafic dikes from eastern Shandong Province,eastern North China Craton

Post-orogenic mafic dikes are widespread across eastern Shandong Province, North China Craton, eastern China. We here report new U–Pb zircon ages and bulk-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for representative samples of these rocks. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon analysis of two mafic dike samples yields consistent ages of 118.7 ± 0.25 million years and 122.4 ± 0.21 million years. These Mesozoic mafic dikes are characterized by high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i ranging from 0.7082 to 0.7087, low ?_Nd(t) values from??17.0 to??17.5, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 17.14 to 17.18, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.44 to 15.55, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.47 to 38.20. Our results suggest that the parental magmas of these dikes were derived from an ancient, enriched lithospheric mantle source that was metasomatized by foundered lower crustal eclogitic materials prior to magma generation. The mafic dikes underwent minor fractionation during ascent and negligible crustal contamination. Combined with previous studies, these findings provide additional evidence that intense lithospheric thinning beneath eastern Shandong occurred at ～120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal/foundering of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust.     

华北克拉通古元古代地质记录及其构造意义

华北克拉通上存在广泛的古元古代地质记录,尤其是构造岩石组合和同位素年龄资料,显示克拉通上可能存在多条古元古代的汇聚拼合带:如鄂尔多斯地块与华北东部-阴山地块之间的拼合造山带、华北东部地块与狼林地块之间的胶辽造山带以及华北克拉通北缘的安第斯型汇聚边界等.华北克拉通中部地区的古元古代锆石年龄数据统计,显示出2.3~2.4 Ga、2.0~2.2 Ga和1.8~1.95 Ga三组年龄值,暗示华北克拉通古元古代可能存在两个演化阶段:其中古元古代末期(1.8~1.95 Ga)的造山事件已得到了广泛认可,并认为与全球Columbia超大陆汇聚事件相关;而2.3~2.4 Ga、2.00~2.2 Ga所代表的构造热事件的性质和意义尚不明确.我国古元古代末期有关陆块汇聚的构造热事件以及其后的裂解事件群和地层学记录,与新的国际前寒武纪地质年代表建议的古-中元古代界线一致,这将促进我国特别是古中元古代的前寒武纪研究.     

Sources and Petrogenesis of Late Triassic Dolerite Dikes in the Liaodong Peninsula: Implications for Post-collisional Lithosphere Thinning of the Eastern North China Craton

A combination of major and trace element, whole-rock Sr, Ndand Hf isotope, and zircon U–Pb isotopic data are reportedfor a suite of dolerite dikes from the Liaodong Peninsula inthe northeastern North China Craton. The study aimed to investigatethe source, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the dikes.Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U–Pb zircon analysesyield a Late Triassic emplacement age of 213 Ma for these dikes,post-dating the collision between the North China and Yangtzecratons and consequent ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. Threegeochemical groups of dikes have been identified in the LiaodongPeninsula based on their geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hfisotope characteristics. Group 1 dikes are tholeiitic, withhigh TiO₂ and total Fe₂O₃ and low MgO contents, absent to weaknegative Nb and Ta anomalies, variable (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i (0·7060–0·7153),_Nd(t) (– 0·8 to –6·5) and _Hf(t) (–2·7to –7·8) values, and negative _Hf(t) (–1·1to –7·8). They are inferred to be derived frompartial melting of a relatively fertile asthenospheric mantlein the spinel stability field, with some upper crustal assimilationand fractional crystallization. Group 2 dikes have geochemicalfeatures of high-Mg andesites with (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values of 0·7063–0·7072,and negative _Nd(t) (–3·0 to –9·5)and _Hf(t) (–3·2 to –10·1) values,and may have originated as melts of foundered lower crust, withsubsequent interaction with mantle peridotite. Group 3 dikesare shoshonitic in composition with relatively low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_ivalues (0·7061–0·7063), and negative _Nd(t)(–13·2 to –13·4) and _Hf(t) (–11·0to –11·5) values, and were derived by partial meltingof an ancient, re-enriched, refractory lithospheric mantle inthe garnet stability field. The geochemical and geochronologicaldata presented here indicate that Late Triassic magmatism occurredin an extensional setting, most probably related to post-orogeniclithospheric delamination. KEY WORDS: mafic dike; asthenospheric mantle; lithospheric mantle; delamination; North China Craton     

华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪基底形成与演化

简要总结了华北克拉通南部鲁山地区、小秦岭地区、登封及中条山地区的早前寒武纪地质事件序列及其地质意义,并对各地区地质特征和变质演化特点进行对比。结合前人研究工作,初步探讨了华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪基底的演化特点、陆壳形成的主要时期和华北南部基底的构造区划等问题,提出几点认识:1)华北克拉通南部鲁山、中条山、小秦岭等地区均有2.7~2.9Ga岩石记录,以英云闪长质-奥长花岗质-花岗闪长质(TTG)岩石为主,它们共同构成华北南缘的古老结晶基底,并经历了新太古代晚期~2.5Ga构造-热事件,标志着华北克拉通南部在新太古代末期可能已经形成统一基底;2)华北克拉通南部主要的陆壳形成时期为中太古代晚期-新太古代,与全球其他主要克拉通一致,而古元古代早-中期则以地壳再循环为主;3)综合地质、地球化学等特点,将华北南部鲁山-小秦岭地区和中条山等地区划归为"南部古陆块",并提出该陆块呈现为一个大型的倾伏向斜构造,可能在新太古代晚期已经形成,其枢纽向南东倾斜。"南部古陆块"在新太古代末期与其它微陆块拼合,并发生了变质作用和陆壳的活化与再循环,共同指示新太古代晚期华北克拉通统一基底的形成。