渤、黄、东海高营养层次重要生物资源种类的营养级研究

利用2000年和2001年2次大面调查所收集的11970个胃含物样品分析结果,计算了黄海和东海生态系统高营养层次35个重要生物资源种类的营养级,同时,结合对渤海和黄海39个种类营养级历史数据的修正,讨论研究了我国海洋高营养层次生物资源种类营养级的研究策略和计算方法。主要研究结果为：(1)渤海重要生物资源种类营养级的变化范围为3．12～4．9,黄海为3．2～4．9,东海为3．29～4．55。近年来各海域高营养层次的营养级呈下降趋势,如渤海从1959年的4．1下降到1998～1999年的3．4,黄海从1985～1986年的3．7下降到2000～2001年的3．4;(2)高营养层次营养级波动主要是由于群落种类组成变化及单种类营养级年间波动引起的,而单种类营养级年间波动又直接与群体个体变小以及摄食食物的低营养层次化有关。因此,高营养层次的营养级变化是认识海洋生态系统生物生产动态的重要指标,需要对其进行长期和系统的监测;(3)建议在今后的研究中,根据简化食物网的概念,对占生物量绝对多数的重要生物资源种类的营养级进行重点研究并采用国际通用的标准划分计算营养级。     

Spatial and temporal variations of macro-and mesozooplankton community in the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) and East China Sea in summer and winter

The study was conducted during two cruises of June–August 2006 (summer),and January–February 2007 (winter) in the Huanghai (Yellow) Sea and East China Sea.Spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton abundance,biomass and community structure and its relation to currents and water masses over the continental shelf were examined.A total of 584 zooplankton species/taxa and 28 planktonic larvae were identified during the two surveys.Copepods were the most abundant component among these identified groups.Zooplankton abundance and biomass fluctuated widely and showed distinct heterogeneity in the shelf waters.Five zooplankton assemblages were identified with hierarchical cluster analysis during this study,and they were Huanghai Sea Assemblage,Changjiang Estuary Assemblage,Coastal Assemblage,East China Sea Mixed-water Assemblage and East China Sea Offshore Assemblage.Seasonal changes of zooplankton community composition and its geographical distribution were detected,and the locations of the faunistic areas overlap quite well with water masses and current systems.So we suggest that the zooplankton community structure and its changes were determined by the water masses in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea.The results of this research can provide fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton ecology in the shelf of Huanghai Sea and East China Sea.     

东、黄海2000年冬季底层鱼类群落结构及其多样性

根据2000年12月～2001年1月东、黄海冬季底层鱼类资源调查资料,分析了该海域的鱼类群落结构。本次调查共捕获鱼类4716.72kg,395796尾,138种。其中,暖水种(WW)居第1位,有81种,占60.00%;暖温种(WT)次之,有53种,占39.26%;冷温种(CT)最少,只有1种,占0.74%。全调查海域的优势种(相对重要性指数QIRI大于500)有5种:带鱼、黄鲫、发光鲷、小黄鱼和鳀;与历史资料相比,优势种个体变小、有被小型鱼类更替的趋势。以质量计算的多样性指数(种类丰富度指数D,Shannon-Wiener多样度指数H′W,种类均匀度指数J′W)呈现由北至南逐渐递增的趋势,而以尾数计算的多样性指数(H′N,J′N)呈现东海北部最高,东海中部次之,黄海南部最低的趋势。生物多样性指数中除种类丰富度指数(D)与水深、海水表温、表层盐度都呈显著性正相关外,而其它生物多样性指数与前述3种环境因子之间的相关性都不显著。单因素方差分析表明,东海北部和中部渔获组成和生物多样性指数都无显著性差别。     

渤黄东海潮能通量与潮能耗散

利用同化高度计资料和沿岸验潮站资料对潮汐数值模式进行同化,根据同化后的数值模式结果,对渤黄东海中的潮能通量和潮能耗散进行了研究.M2分潮从太平洋进入渤黄东海的潮能为122.499GW,占4个主要分潮进入总量的79%.黄海是半日分潮潮能耗散的主要海区.全日分潮则主要耗散在东海.全日分潮在遇到陆坡的阻挡以后有一部分潮能沿着冲绳海槽向西南传播,并有一部分潮能反射回太平洋,其中O1分潮通过C3断面反射回太平洋的潮能,约占其传入东海潮能的44%.     

东、黄海沉积物-水界面营养盐交换速率的研究

2000年10月和2001年5月随“东方红2号”考察船在东、黄海进行考察,在A2、E2、E4、E5、E65个站位作了培养实验,研究沉积物-水界面在氧化和还原条件下的交换通量。在东海海域,NO3-、PO43-、总磷(TDP)由水向沉积物中扩散,NH4 、SiO32-由沉积物向水中扩散,NO3-、TDP、NH4 在还原条件下的交换通量大于氧化条件下的交换通量,PO43-、SiO32-在氧化还原条件下的交换通量基本一致。在黄海海域,两站位各溶解态营养盐的迁移方向有较大差异。在距离陆地较近的海域,各溶解态营养盐多由水中向沉积物中扩散,且距离陆地越近,交换通量越大。在东、黄海海域,沉积物释放的SiO32-对初级生产力的贡献分别为13%、10%~18%,与河流输送和大气沉降相比,沉积物对黄海、东海SiO32-的贡献分别占90%、86%,说明沉积物是SiO32-的源。而在整个东、黄海海域,对于溶解无机氮(DIN)和PO43-来说,它们的交换通量为负值,即沉积物从水体中吸附溶解无机氮和磷,说明沉积物是DIN和PO43-的汇。     

东海、黄海鱼类群落结构的季节变化研究

根据2000年春(4月)、夏(6月)、秋(9月)、冬(12月)四季东海、黄海底拖网鱼类资源调查资料,分析了该海域的鱼类群落结构的四季变化特征.四季全部调查海域中出现的优势鱼种有8种:带鱼、小黄鱼、黄鲫、发光鲷、细条天竺鲷、鳀、鳄齿鱼和刺鲳,其中带鱼和小黄鱼是常年优势种.鱼种季节迁移变化以黄海南部波动最大,东海中部相对较为稳定,东海北部稳定性介于两者之间.生物多样性指数中丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H')变化趋势一致,在春、夏两季3个区域相差不大,而在秋、冬两季黄海南部与东海北部和中部有明显分异;种类均匀度指数(J')在四季节3个区域之间相差不大.在暖季(夏、秋)南部鱼类呈向北迁移,而在冷季(冬、春)北部的鱼类有向南迁移的趋势.     

黄渤海双壳类的寄生剑水蚤类研究

本文对黄渤海双壳类的寄生桡足类进行了调查。共检查双壳类32种8628个体,从9种双壳类中发现了1126个寄生剑水蚤类标本。基于形态学研究鉴定出剑水蚤类8种,隶属于4科8属。分别为负羽壳蚤(Conchyliurus quintus Tanaka)、竹蛏赫尔曼蚤(Herrmannella soleni Kim&Ho)、拟舐皮蚤(Lichomolgus similis Ho&Kim)、二分偏顶蛤蚤(Modiolicola bifida Tanaka)、高氏牡蛎蚤(Ostrincola koe Tanaka)、多刺伪海螂蚤(Pseudomyicola spinosus(Raffaele&Monticelli))、东方贻贝蚤(Mytilicola orientalis Mori)和日本蹄螺蚤(Trochicola japonica Shimura&Kuwabara)。其中,高氏牡蛎蚤在中国黄海曾有报道,其余7种为中国新记录种。依据黄渤海的标本对上述物种的形态进行了简要描述和讨论,并对其宿主、感染率、感染强度、地理分布等进行了报道。     

Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

An investigation was carried out on living coccolithophores(LCs) distribution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from October 17 to November 24, 2011. A total of 223 samples from different depths were collected at 48 stations. Totally 18 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification. The maximum species abundance was found at the outside of Transect P. The dominated species were Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Helicosphaera carteri, and Algirosphaera robusta. The abundance of coccoliths and cells ranged 0–2 965.73 coccoliths/mL, and 0–119.16 cells/mL, with the average values of 471.00 coccoliths/mL and 23.42 cells/mL, respectively. The LCs in surface layer were mainly observed on the coastal belt and middle part of the survey area. The comparison among Transects A, F, P and E indicated lower species diversity and less abundance in the Yellow Sea than those of the East China Sea. The highest abundance of LCs was found in transect F and P. The coccolith abundance increased slightly from surface to bottom in the water column, but the highest value of the cell abundance was observed in the depth of 10–30 m. Temperature, depth and nutrient concentration were suggested as the major environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of LCs in the studying area based on canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).     

黄东海沉积物中的还原无机硫

Cold diffusion methods are used to separate and quantify the three reduced inorganic sulfur species into acid volatile sulfide(AVS), pyrite–S and element sulfur(ES) in the sediments of the Yellow and East China Seas. The results show that up to 25.02 μmol/g of AVS, 113.1 μmol/g of pyrite–S and 44.4 μmol/g of ES are observed in the sediments of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Pyrite–S is the predominant sulfide mineral in the sediments, while the concentration of AVS is quite low at most stations in the study area. The amounts and reactivity of organic matter are the primary limited factor for the sulfide formation, while an iron limitation and a sulfate limitation are not observed in the sediments of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The irregular profiles of the three reduced inorganic sulfur species also reflected the comprehensive influence of sediment composition and sedimentation rates.     

黄海多毛类裂虫科小型种的初步研究

1987～1991年在黄海进行小型多毛类调查时,采到的裂虫科小型种标本,经鉴定有18种,其中9种在我国是首次记录。     

Species composition and diversity of Euphausiacea in the East China Sea

[1]Cai Bingji. 1978. The taxonomy study on     

2010年5月与2013年6月黄、渤海大型底栖动物群落组成和结构的比较研究

基于2010年5月和2013年6月采集的黄、渤海海域的大型底栖动物数据,对该海域大型底栖动物的种类组成和群落结构等进行了研究,对该海域大型底栖动物群落结构的时间和空间差异进行了分析,并利用AMBI和m-AMBI生物指数对各站位的生态质量状况进行了评估。研究结果表明:在2010年5月和2013年6月所采站位的大型底栖动物共有131种,其中软体动物和甲壳动物占据了较大比例的物种数量,分别为51种和42种;其次为鱼类、多毛类和棘皮动物。该海域的优势物种为日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus、日本褐虾 Crangon hakodatei、司氏盖蛇尾Stegophiura sladeni和奇异指纹蛤Acila mirabilis,其中司氏盖蛇尾具有最大的丰度和优势度。生物指数(AMBI和m-AMBI)的结果显示黄、渤海区域底栖生态环境仍相对稳定,但与历史资料比较得知,该海域大型底栖动物生存环境整体趋于恶化。     

南海北部陆架区底层渔业资源的空间分布特征

根据2006年10月至2007年9月南海北部大陆架海域4个航次底拖网调查资料,分析了该海域渔业资源的种类组成、种类丰富度和渔获率的空间分布。结果表明,渔获种类数以湛江断面最多(405种),汕头断面最少(337种)。种类数随水深变化呈非对称正态分布,以40—80m水深组种类数最多。物种丰富度指数D的空间分布与种类数基本一致。在总渔获物中,鱼类、头足类和甲壳类3大类群重量组成比例为80:12:8,在断面分布上,组成比例鱼类以珠江口断面最高,头足类以湛江断面最高,甲壳类以阳江断面最高。在水深分布上,鱼类占比随水深的增加而增加,头足类占比在40—100m水深较高,甲壳类在10—20m浅水区最高。鱼类最主要的优势种有6种,其中,深水金线鱼主要在90—120m水深占优势,黄鳍马面鲀在60—90m水深占优势,条尾绯鲤在60—120m水深占优势,单棘豹鲂鮄在120—200m水深占优势,六指马鲅在30—60m水深占优势,龙头鱼在10—30m水深占优势。鱼类渔获率断面分布以珠江口和粤西海域较高,汕头海域最低;水深分布渔获率随水深的增加而增加。头足类渔获率以粤西和珠江口海域较高,粤东海域较低;在100m水深范围内,渔获率随水深的增...     

南海北部沿岸污损生物中的苔藓虫

作者于1979年9月至1989年8月,先后在广东、海南及广西沿岸港湾进行污损生物和人工鱼礁附着生物周年挂板试验,并调查沿岸港湾浮标、船只、码头、水产养殖设施及其他水下设施的污损生物,获苔藓虫3871号标本,经分析鉴定为88种,隶属3目30科。它们多数是高盐暖水种和广分布种。有少数河口低盐种,遍布于中国沿岸的有26种,黄、渤海已发表的有29种,东海31种,仅南海沿岸水域28种。南海北部沿岸苔藓虫终年都能繁殖附着,附着高峰期为冬春季节的低温月份。     

Distribution of phytoplankton in the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea in spring in relation to environmental variables and dimethylsulfide compounds

The coastal ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate change and are usually influenced by variations in phytoplankton communities and water physiochemical factors. In the present study, the phytoplankton community, chlorophyll a（Chl a） and their relationships with environmental variables and dimethylsulfide（DMS） and dimethylsulfoniopropionate（DMSP） were investigated in spring 2017（March 24 to April 16） in the East China Sea（26.0°–33.0°N, 120.0°–128.0°E） and southern Yellow Sea（31.0°–36.0°N, 12...     

A restudy of ostracode assemblages in the surface sediments of the Huanghai Sea

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秋季南黄海表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布

2007年秋季(10月)在黄海22个站位采集表层沉积物样品进行甲藻孢囊的种类鉴定与计数,本航次中共鉴定出33种(不包括2个未确定种),优势种是锥状斯克里普藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alex-andrium tamarense)和膝沟藻属(Gonyaulaxsp.)的种类。与东海和南海甲藻孢囊的同期丰度相比,黄海的相对较低,丰度范围为10~519个/cm3,平均108个/cm3。孢囊丰度总体分布趋势从北向南递增,最高丰度区出现在长江口以北(32°19′59.88″N,122°37′5.16″E),另外,在南黄海调查海域中,中部黄海冷水团区域孢囊丰度较高,膝沟藻成为该区域的优势种,密集中心达101个/cm3。有毒甲藻孢囊在沉积物表层聚集且分布广泛,有爆发赤潮的可能。     

Analysis on the indicator species and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea

Ecological adaptation and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods were examined in the East China Sea （23°30′-33°00′N, 118°30′ -128°00′E）, in relation to temperature and salinity. The data were collected in four surveys conducted from 1997 to 2000. The density, yield density, or negative exponent models were used to determine the optimal temperature and salinity of water for the thriving growth of pelagic ostracods. Thereafter, ecological groups and potential distribution patterns of pelagic ostracods were determined based on the predicted parameters such as optimal temperature and salinity, consulting the geographic distribution. The analytical results indicate that, among the numerical dominant pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea （ECS）, Euconchoecia aculeata, E. elongata, E. chierchiae, E. maimai, and Cypridina dentata, etc. are offshore subtropical water species. These species are widely distributed in the area, and they can be brought by the warm current to north offshore during spring and winter. The predicated optimal temperature （OT） and optimal salinity （OS） for Paraconchoecia decipiens, P. echinata, P. spini- fera, P. oblonga, Conchoecia magna and Porroeciaporrecta are all greater than 25℃ and 34 separately. These species are mainly distributed in the waters of the Kuroshio, the Taiwan Warm Current, and the Taiwan Strait, and therefore are designated as ocean- ic tropical water species. On the other hand, Pseudoconchoecia concerttrica is considered as offshore subtropical water species based on its geographical distribution although its OT is 19℃. The other species, though their OSs are approximately 34 and with OTs ranging from 20° to 25℃, are considered as offshore subtropical water species because they were found to be widely distributed from the South China Sea to the East China Sea.     

黄、渤海表层沉积物中钙质超微化石分布规律与黄海暖流流路

黄、渤海表层沉积物中钙质超微化石有较广泛分布,属种较大洋和开阔海少而单调。黄海南部见有14个种,北黄海及渤海海峡4～5个种,渤海沿岸区2～3个种。钙质超微化石分异度D_H以及主要化石种相对百分含量的高值区的主轴线的走向与现代黄海暖流的流路密切相关。得出黄海暖流由南黄海东南部流入北黄海,通过渤海海峡的北侧进入渤海,在渤海中部呈南北向伸展。     

东海北部黑潮区的浮游桡足类

根据1987年夏季、冬季和1989年春季、秋季采自东海北部黑潮区的浮游生物样品,鉴定出浮游桡足类227种,其中1种为我国海区新记录,21种为东海区新记录.文中还描述了浮游桡足类的总个体密度和主要优势种的分布,并对其与海洋环境的关系进行了讨论.