对海峡两岸地震系统震级测定差异的统计研究

本文利用海峡两岸地震系统对台湾花莲、台东等六个地区近几年的地震资料进行震级差异的统计,得出台湾的地震系统记录的震级一般都比福建台网的大。它与福建台网的震级差最大1.2级,最小为0级。平均结果在0.4级左右。(本文利用的是福建台网中心编目室的资料与台湾中央气象局的资料进行统计对比得出结论)。     

福建数字地震台网测定台湾地震的震级问题

本文对 1 999年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1 2月福建数字地震台网测定的台湾地区ML≥ 5 .0级地震 (9.2 1地震序列取ML≥ 5 .5级地震 )测定了Ms震级 ,并将福建台网测定的ML、Ms震级与中国地震局分析预报中心测定的大震速报Ms震级进行了比较。     

台湾地震的地震波衰减特征分析

在本文,我们精心挑选了M1为4.0~5.0发生在台湾地区的壳内地震215个,使用福建台网记录到的这些地震的最大地动位移资料,利用多元回归分析,拟合出最大地动位移的衰减特征为logA=2.07+231.11/Δ与之相应的量规函数的表达式为R(Δ)=3.45-231.1(1/Δ-1/100)利用上式,对上述的215个地震,分别求出福建台网的平均震级及均方差。平均的均方差为0.19,如果在测定震级时,考虑到台基修正值,则平均的均方差为0.13;把测定的结果与台湾相关部门的测定结果进行比较,高了0.12±0.22。又对138个M1大于5.0级的台湾壳内地震进行了相应的计算,我们测定的震级比台湾的结果平均高了0.20±0.22,其他结果与前者没大的差别。     

福建数字遥测台网单台震级偏差研究

使用福建数字遥测台网产出的观测报告,计算各台站单台震级与台网平均震级偏差和标准离差,分析了产生震级偏差的原因,并给出了台基校正值。结果显示,震级偏差主要来自于各台站的综合影响,进行台基校正是有意义的。     

台湾海峡南部与台湾东部中、强地震活动的相关性

本文根据1971-1998年福建台网地震资料,分析了台湾海峡南部与台湾东部区城中、强地震活动在时、空、强方面分布的相关性。     

应用水化多层次跟踪预报方法研究闽台地区地震的映震特征

本文针对1990年至1999年福建及沿海中强以上地震和台湾7.0级以上地震,利用“八五”攻关的水化多层次跟踪预报方法,研究福建水氡台网观测资料的异常频次变化特征和演化过程,总结其相应的映震特征。     

福建水氡对闽台区域映震的共性及特性

文中利用福建水氡台网1990年以来的水氡资料,针对6次福建及其东南沿海大于4·5级地震,7次台湾及其近海大于6·8级地震进行分析研究,认为地震前异常存在加速性、同步性,形态的多样性,空间分布的不确定性。经过分析,给出上述两区域地震异常特征的共性和特性。     

福建水氡对闽台地震的映震分析

利用福建水氡台网 1 990年以来的水氡资料 ,针对 6次福建及其东南沿海大于 4 5级地震 ,7次台湾及其近海大于 6 8级地震进行分析研究 ,认为地震前异常存在加速性、同步性 ,形态的多样性 ,空间分布的不确定性。运用“九五”攻关软件 ,给出上述两区域地震异常特征的共性和个性 ,并对映震效能进行R值评分     

闽台地区2005年度地震活动综述

2005年度闽台地区的地震活动水平均较上一年度有所减弱,而台湾海峡南部的地震活动水平与上一年度相比则有较明显的增强。一、福建及其近海地区地震活动据福建地震台网测定,2005年1月至12月福建及其近海地区共发生ML2.0级以上地震49次(图1),其中2.0-2.9级44次,3.0-3.9级5次,最大地震为8月9日晋江海域ML3.6级。3级以上地震均发生在沿海一带(表1)。与上一年度该区域ML2.0级以上地震89次、最大震级ML4.5级相比较,2005年度福建及其近海地区的地震频次和强度均出现了较明显的减弱。图12005年度闽台地区地震震中分布图(ML≥2.0)表12005年度福建…     

2001年闽台地区地震活动综述

据福建数字遥测地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 1年 1月 1日至 1 2月 3 1日福建及其近海地区共发生ＭＬ≥ 2 0级地震 82次 ,其中 2 0～ 2 9级地震 71次 ,3 0～ 3 9级地震 1 0次 ,最大地震为 8月 6日漳浦海外 4 2级 ;台湾海峡地区发生ＭＬ≥ 3 0级地震 4次 ,最大地震为 1 0月 1 3日海峡南部 4 2级 ;台湾地区共发生ＭＳ≥ 5 0级地震 1 3次 ,最大地震为 6月 1 4日苏澳以东海中的 6 1级。对比 1 991年以来闽台地区年度地震活动水平 ,今年各区地震活动在去年较为平静的基础上 ,继续呈现减弱态势。 1 999年 9月 2 1日台湾南投 7 6级强震群活动前后 ,福…     

宽频地震方法技术在地震探测工作中的应用

在江苏东海中国大陆科学钻探址区进行了方法试验工作。使用法国生产的便携式3分量地震台站54台，并将各台的3个分量的记录道与3个垂直检波器串(6Hz和10Hz)相连，形成一个150多道的地震排列，进行了180km的反射和折射探测，总花费比常规反射剖面节省一半，获得了与常规方法类似的成果，提高了广角地震探测的分辨率。采用二维空间变量分离速度成像方法，利用广角地震波反射的“动校正”，使解释结果更加直观，获得了测区地震浅部的地壳速度精细结构。利用纵、横波联合解释，建立了大陆钻址区超高压变质带地区的地壳波速结构与泊松比结构。方法试验是成功的。     

Regionalization of seismic hazard in Greece based on seismic sources

A semi-probabilistic approach to the seismic hazard assessment of Greece is presented. For this reason, a recent seismotectonic model for shallow and intermediate depth earthquake sources, based on historical as well as on instrumental data, was used. Different attenuation formulae were proposed for the macroseismic intensity and the strong ground motion parameters for the shallow and the intermediate focal depth shocks. The data were elaborated in terms of McGuire's computer program, which is based on the Cornell's method.A grid of equally spaced points at 20 km distance was made and the seismic hazard recurrence curves for various parameters of the seismic intensity was estimated for each point. Finally, seismic hazard maps for the area of Greece were compiled utilizing the entire range of recurrence curves. These maps depict areas of equal seismic hazard and for every area the analytical relations of the typeSI =f(Tm), whereSI is a seismic intensity parameter andTm is the mean return period, were determined.     

地震相分析技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用

地震相分析技术日渐成为煤田岩性地震勘探的一门新技术。阐述了基于波形分类的地震相分析方法,通过人工神经网络地震相检测技术对不同的波形进行分类,达到区分不同目标体的目的。以圈定火成岩发育范围、预测煤层冲刷变薄带和识别断层、陷落柱等地质异常体为例,讨论了地震相分析技术在煤田岩性地震勘探方面的效果。      

纵向非一致激励下自由场土体的非线性地震反应研究

土体地震反应分析对结构的地震反应和抗震安全性评价具有重要的意义,以大型振动台模型试验为手段,研究一致激励和非一致激励下自由场土体的非线性地震反应规律及其影响因素,能够为结构的地震破坏机制分析提供支撑。通过对场地土体的动力特性、加速度响应、剪应力-剪应变曲线以及土体沉降的分析,研究了不同地震动、不同地震强度作用下自由场土体的地震动反应特性及其变化规律。研究结果表明:土体的非线性发展程度不仅与地震动记录有关,还与地震动输入方式、加载等级有关;在大震或纵向非一致激励作用下,土体运动的不一致性导致了更强的土体结构性变化,频率降低,阻尼比增大,土体刚度弱化,土体的非线性发展相对较快;土体剪应力-剪应变曲线和沉降曲线的变化规律一定程度上也反映了土体的塑性发展情况。所得结论和自由场地震反应宏观现象一致,彼此佐证了结论的合理性。     

Exploring the seismic expression of fault zones in 3D seismic volumes

Mapping and understanding distributed deformation is a major challenge for the structural interpretation of seismic data. However, volumes of seismic signal disturbance with low signal/noise ratio are systematically observed within 3D seismic datasets around fault systems. These seismic disturbance zones (SDZ) are commonly characterized by complex perturbations of the signal and occur at the sub-seismic (10 s m) to seismic scale (100 s m). They may store important information on deformation distributed around those larger scale structures that may be readily interpreted in conventional amplitude displays of seismic data. We introduce a method to detect fault-related disturbance zones and to discriminate between this and other noise sources such as those associated with the seismic acquisition (footprint noise). Two case studies from the Taranaki basin and deep-water Niger delta are presented. These resolve SDZs using tensor and semblance attributes along with conventional seismic mapping. The tensor attribute is more efficient in tracking volumes containing structural displacements while structurally-oriented semblance coherency is commonly disturbed by small waveform variations around the fault throw. We propose a workflow to map and cross-plot seismic waveform signal properties extracted from the seismic disturbance zone as a tool to investigate the seismic signature and explore seismic facies of a SDZ.     

Regional seismic discrimination

The discrimination of various phenomena, such as frost effects, sonic booms and explosions, from regional earthquakes is investigated on the basis of observations in Sweden. Explosions represent the greatest problem in this respect, for whose solution the short-period Rayleigh wave Rg provides the most reliable method. Its presence indicates an artificial origin, practically without exception.     

Dynamic estimate of seismic danger based on multifractal properties of low-frequency seismic noise

A new method of dynamic estimate of seismic danger is presented which is based on estimating multifractal properties of low-frequency seismic noise. The efficiency of the method is illustrated by the analysis of seismic noise from broadband seismic network F-net in Japan. The analysis of multifractal properties of low-frequency seismic noise from Japan seismic network F-net since the beginning of 1997 allowed a hypothesis about approaching Japan Islands to a future seismic catastrophe to be formulated at the middle of 2008. The base for such a hypothesis was statistically significant decreasing of multi-fractal singularity spectrum support width mean value. The peculiarities of correlation coefficient estimate within 1 year time window between median values of singularity spectra support width and generalized Hurst exponent allowed to make a decision that starting from July 2010, Japan come to the state of waiting strong earthquake. This prediction of Tohoku mega-earthquake, initially with estimate of lower magnitude as 8.3 only (at the middle of 2008) and further on with estimate of the time beginning of waiting earthquake (from the middle of 2010), was published in advance in a number of scientific articles and abstracts on international conferences. The analysis of seismic noise data after Tohoku mega-earthquake indicates increasing probability of the 2nd strong earthquake within the region where the north part of Philippine Sea plate is approaching island Honshu (Nankai Trough). This region is characterized by relatively low values of singularity spectrum support width which is an indicator of seismic danger. In one paper (Sobolev in Izv Phys Solid Earth 47:1034–1044, 2011), the low-frequency seismic noise at the same range of periods was investigated retrospectively using data from the stations of broadband network IRIS which are located around the epicenter of Tohoku mega-earthquake with a distance up to 1,200 km. It was shown that the variance of the noise and the number of high-amplitude asymmetric impulses were grown dramatically before the event for stations which are located within the radius up to 500 km from the epicenter.