球坐标系下MASNUM海浪数值模式的建立及其应用

为开展海浪对海洋上混合层的搅拌混合作用及其对海气界面通量的影响等研究,在LAGFD WAM区域海浪数值模式基础上建立了球坐标系下的全球海浪数值模式.重点导出了球坐标系下的海浪能量谱平衡方程及其复杂特征线方程,该组方程包含了背景流场对波动传播的调整、波动沿大圆传播的折射等.数值积分则采用复杂特征线嵌入计算格式.初步数值模拟结果表明,该海浪全球数值模式能够较为精确地刻画海浪的动力过程.     

作用于直立堤上的波总压力概率分布

长期以来,海浪与直立堤的相互作用问题一直是海岸工程研究中为人们所重视的课题之一.至今,在工程设计计算中,关于海浪对直立堤作用的波压力计算方法,大都仍采用规则波的研究结果.几十年来,通过实验室和液体波动理论进行了大量的规则波与直立堤相互作用的研究,提出了相当数量的试验与理论成果,其中目前较为广泛采用的有森佛罗(Sainflou)、米许(Miche)-贝塞尔(Biesel)等一阶及二阶近似立波压力方法.     

渤、黄海波能的估算及其对波能转换前景的评价

一、前言海洋表面的波动是极其复杂的.从Munk提出的海洋波能谱中(图1)容易看出,在大洋表面的各种波动中,就其相对能量来说,周期界于1-30秒的波动所含的能量最大.海面上这一周期范围的波动叫海浪,它包括风浪和涌浪;因起源于风的作用,恢复力为重力,所以也叫风生重力波.本文所指的波能即为海浪能.     

海浪对直立堤作用力的研究

海浪对水工建筑物作用的研究是具有十分重要意义的.目前直立堤在海岸工程中仍然是一种广为采用的结构型式.众所周知,很早以来,人们就波浪对直立堤的作用力问题进行了广泛的研究,获得了不少成功的结果.但至今在工程设计中,关于海浪对直立堤作用力的计算方法仍是把复杂的海浪抽象成为规则波的形式,根据规则波的波高、周期来计算,并且大都借室内规则波的模型试验进行验证与订正.在这种计算过程中,目前多数在求得海浪参数时,是考虑了海浪的不规则性的,但在波压力计算本身,则又从规则波理论出发.因此,为建立工程上实用的海浪对直立堤作用力的计算方法,国内外都从各种途径进行着研究.     

日本国光易恒教授来海洋学院讲学

应山东海洋湖沼学会理事长、山东海洋学院院长文圣常教授的邀请,日本九州大学应用力学研究所知名波动专家光易恒教授已于日前抵达海院。光易恒教授是日本海浪研究的权威人士之一,在海浪方向谱的观测和研究,海浪机制和海浪谱的实验研究以及海浪能量输入机     

海浪预报知识讲座

第一讲海浪及其危害1 海浪的定义海浪是发生在海洋中的一种海水波动现象.一般指的海浪是由风产生的波动,其周期为0.5至25秒,波长为几十厘米到几百米,一般波高为几厘米到20米,在罕见的情况下波高可达30米以上.在观测到的资料中[1],有许多关于实测最大波高的记录:1933年2月7日在北太平洋,美国海军的莱梅帕号油船观测到最大波高达34米,周期14.8秒和波速102公里/小时的海浪;1956年4月2日苏联调查船"鄂毕号”在印度洋的南纬40度风暴区域,于风速35米/秒时,使用立体照相测量得到最大波高为24.9米的海浪;在大西洋也曾观测到20.4米的最大波高.1986年8月27日,在我国东海,使用海洋资料浮标测得18.2米的最大波高;1985年8月19日,青岛市南端小麦岛海洋站[2]观测到11米的岸边最大波高.     

黄渤海沿岸低频水位能量的初步研究

一、引言我国海域辽阔,漫长的海岸线长达一万八千多公里.在这辽阔的海洋中,存在着各种各样的波动,蕴藏着丰富的能量资源,而这种能源取之不尽,用之不竭.象高频波动的海浪,潮频的潮位和潮流,它们的能量有的已经被利用,有的正在被利用.而在海洋中还存在一系列其它波动,如低频水位的波动,它仍含有自己的能量,这也有待于我们去研究.本文用能量谱分析的方法给出该海区低频水位能量的分布并分析能量的来源.因为"谱"系指能量相对于各组成波的频率的分布,水位具有的能量是由各组成波动贡献而得.所以谱是于整个频率范围内实行积分的结果,是水位变化总能量的量度.而     

使用H_(AB)—2型岸用光学测波仪测量波高的最佳方法

海洋仪器的精心研制和有效地使用,是促进海洋科学技术发展的重要一环。选用精良仪器、充实新的技术对海洋科技资料的准确性也起着重要作用。所以这是海洋事业发展的迫切需要。海洋局为了更新海浪观测仪器、改进海浪观测和波高计算方法、提高资料准确度,在北海分局小麦岛海洋站对新型仪器H_(AB)-2型岸用光学测波仪和波高观测方法进行了对比试验。通过35次海浪观测资料表明,用H_(AB)-2型比H_(AB)-1型岸用光学测波仪观测海浪、波高准确度提高0.2米。在四种波高计算方法中,选择了平均位置法作为最佳海浪观测计算方法。     

外观海浪谱的比较和验证

不同于通常意义下的海浪谱(以下简称为“内频谱”),外观海浪谱描述的是海浪能量随外观频率的分布,它可以依据表征海浪外观统计特征的波高与调期联合分布从理论上确定.本文在Huang、孙孚等已有工作的基础上,对外观海浪谱进行了较为深入的研究.首先,纠正了Huang等论文中的某些错误,并将Huang、孙孚等据不同的联合分布导出的外观海浪谱进行比较;然后,分别计算这两种外观海浪谱的前三阶矩,并与内频谱的矩进行比较;最后,用实验和现场资料对从理论上导出的外观海浪谱进行验证.结果发现,当谱宽度v≤0.3时,外观海浪谱矩与内频谱矩差异很小,理论谱形与实测结果也非常接近.因而,在实际问题的应用中,若谱宽度不大,则就可以用本文讨论的外观海浪谱去替代目前从理论上尚不能得到的通常意义下的海浪谱.     

基于变分模态分解和注意力机制的浪高预测

针对海洋中的海浪高度数据存在非线性和非平稳性的特点,海浪高度的预测就变得相对复杂.基于变分模态分解(VMD),在引入注意力机制(AM)的基础上,对传统长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络算法进行了改进,提出了一种基于混合模型的海浪高度预测算法.算法通过预处理、预测和重构3个主要步骤,对海浪高度的时间序列进行预测.为了比较和说...     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.