A preliminary approach to the regionalization of the marine comprehensive economic region in Liaoning Province

China is a country with a vast marine territory whose area covers one third of the total land territory area. With the exploitation of marine resources and the development of marine economy, marine economic regions have been formed gradually. We shouldn’t ignore them when we divide economic regions throughout the whole nation, especially in our country. In this paper, we’ Il expand division principles, practice and methods of marine comprehensive economic region. Liaoning Province, facing the Yellow Sea and the Bohai sea, is not only a part of Round-the-Bohai Sea Economic Region, but a part of national marine econemic region. Through evaluating marine resources of Liaoning, and analyzing development of marine economy, composition of marine industries and distributional characteristic of marine economy, Liaoning marine region is divided into Bohai Sea marine economic region and Yellow Sea marine economic region based on differences of marine economy. Thereby we go further into the formation of regional marine economic region and distributional mechanism of regional marine economy. Foundation item: Subsidized by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(49671022). Biography: ZHANG Yao-guang(1934–), male, a native of Shanghai City, professor. His research interest includes marine economic geography.     

日本海洋环境问题的社会学研究动向

日本学术界已经注意到,各种环境问题中,海洋环境问题是最难解决的,棘手的原因有技术层面的问题,而更多的则是社会层面的问题。因此,将社会学引入海洋环境问题的研究是十分必要的。目前阶段,日本海洋环境问题的社会学研究在海洋观教育的基本脉络之下,分成海岸带、"森林?河流?海洋的共生"、潮间带、海洋漂浮垃圾等专题研究动向,而这些研究动向之所以形成又是与日本海洋立国的需要有着必然的联系与规律。海洋环境问题的研究是21世纪一个热点领域,有必要引进海洋国家日本关于多元化海洋环境问题与社会问题的观念和研究模式,在国际比较研究的基础上,进行中国的海洋环境社会学学科建设。     

海洋经济与海洋环境保护协调发展的初步探讨--大连海域案例研究

21世纪是开发和利用海洋的新世纪.在开发利用海洋的过程中出现了海洋经济发展与海洋环境保护之间的不协调性、不同步性.以大连为个案,运用耦合机制对海洋环境与海洋经济的协调发展进行初步探讨,并提出相应对策和建议.     

“BOTTLENECK” AND COUNTERMEASURE OF HIGHTECHNOLOGIZATION OF MARINE INDUSTRY IN CHINA

This article deeply researched into the existent five problems and four main “bottlenecks” in the high-technologization of marine industry in China on the basis of analyzing the new trends in international marine problems and the necessity of implementing the strategy of developing China based on marine. This article brought up specific measures to the five “bottlenecks”according to the situations, and pointed out that new marine industry should be high-technologization and the traditional marine industry should be reformed by high-technique. The research results mav nrovide the scientific basis for realizing the high-technologization of marine industry in China.     

浅议海上责任保险第三人直接请求权的行使条件

随着海上责任保险第三人权利保护的问题受到人们的日益重视,各国普遍赋予了海上责任保险第三人对保险人的直接请求权,但各国立法基本上未考虑到强制海上责任保险的特殊性,从而没有明确区分自愿海上责任保险中第三人直接请求权与强制海上责任保险中第三人直接请求权不同的权利属性,因而只笼统地对海上责任保险第三人行使直接请求权的条件做出概括性规定,这无法真正实现强制海上责任保险充分维护第三人利益与社会公共利益的立法价值。针对这一立法缺陷,提出应在明确自愿海上责任保险中的第三人直接请求权与强制海上责任保险中的第三人直接请求权具有不同权利属性的前提下,针对这两种不同的海上责任保险规定第三人不同的权利行使条件。     

海洋渔业资源过度利用的原因分析

海洋渔业对我国海洋经济的发展起着举足轻重的作用,但在海洋渔业迅速为我们创造巨大财富的同时,却遭到了掠夺性地捕捞,使海洋渔业资源陷入了日益枯竭的境地。通过分析后认为由于海洋渔业资源产权不明晰, 具有公共资源的性质,所以人们在对海洋渔业资源利用时会产生负的外部性和使用者之间的博弈行为,这成为海洋渔业资源过度利用的主要原因。     

Advances in the Marine Photochemistry of Some Important Transition Metal Elements

1　Introduction　Historically ,thestudyoflightintheoceanshasbeeninvolvedprimarilyintwothemes :therolelightplaysinmarinelivesanditskeycontrolofprimaryproductivity .Consequently ,thephotochemicalinter actionofsunlightwithseawaterconstituentsandtheresultingenvironmentalconsequenceshasbecomeanimportantstudythemeinthefieldofmarinesciences .Currently ,investigationsinmarine photochemistrymainlyinclude (1)examinationofthenatureandre activityofthechromophoresfoundinthedissolvedor ganicmatterinseawater…     

基于海洋产业结构理论的海域资源配置分析

基于海洋产业结构理论,总结了我国海洋产业结构的发展趋向,分析了海域资源配置与海洋产业结构的关联,以及海洋产业结构对海域资源配置的影响。研究表明,我国海洋产业结构相对协调,但海洋传统产业占海洋产业的比重较高。在海域资源配置的过程中,应在发挥传统海洋产业优势的同时,积极引导新兴海洋产业的发展。     

海洋沉积物释光测年现状与展望

自释光现象被用于沉积物测年的半个多世纪以来,释光测年技术已被广泛应用于各类海洋沉积物的年代测定,为古环境古气候和构造活动及地形地貌演变等研究提供了高精度年代学约束的同时,释光测年技术的精度和准确性也取得了长足发展。在系统回顾和总结海洋沉积物释光测年的发展历史基础上,详细讨论了释光测年技术在海洋沉积物测年中的研究现状,总结了全球海洋沉积物释光测年研究的特点。海洋沉积物的沉积埋藏过程相对复杂,部分晒退现象普遍存在,饱和含水的沉积环境导致环境剂量精确测定存在一定困难。因此在海洋沉积物年代测定和计算过程中需要根据实际情况对样品的释光性质进行分析,选择合适的等效剂量测试方法,并使用合适的环境剂量校正方法进行年代计算。释光测年方法在晚更新世以来海洋沉积物测年中表现出了独特的优势,释光测年目标矿物在海洋沉积物中普遍存在,并且随着近年来研究的不断深入,测年精度也得到了明显的提高,可以为晚更新世以来的海洋沉积物研究提供高精度的绝对年代地层格架。     

Distribution and diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida tropicalis</Emphasis> strains in different marine environments

1089 strains of yeasts were obtained from seawater,sea sediments,mud of sea saltems,guts of marine fishes,mangrove plants and marine algae.The results of routine identification and molecular analysis methods show that 44 strains among the marine yeasts obtained in this study belong to Candida tropicalis,which may indicate its wide distribution in different environment,especially in the tropical and subtropical marine environment.The wide distribution of C.tropicalis indicates that it may play an importam role in marine environment and the marine environment in turn is a good source for obtaining C.tropicalis.     

Implementing marine XML for observed CTD data in a marine data exchange platform

In order to archive,quality control and disseminate a large variety of marine data in a marine data exchange platform,a marine XML has been developed to encapsulate marine data,which provides an efficient means to store,transfer and display marine data.This paper first presents the details of the main marine XML elements and then gives an example showing how to transform CTD-observed data into Marine XML format,which illustrates the XML encapsulation process of marine observed data.     

湛江市海洋产业发展的资金支持研究

湛江是海洋经济总量连续多年稳居广东省第三的海洋大市,其海洋产业迎来了快速发展的良机,亟需资金支持。基于金融创新理论、信贷配给理论和融资约束理论等金融发展理论,在分析湛江海洋产业资金支持实践和存在问题的基础上,提出信贷政策引导、多层次资本市场融资、海洋投资信托基金、信用担保、海洋保险联动和海洋金融服务平台等方面的建议,为探索促进湛江市海洋产业的发展提供参考。     

海洋信息服务聚合平台应用研究

以当前海洋信息集成国内外的研究现状和存在的问题为背景:以海洋信息集成、业务整合的迫切需求,以及海洋地理信息系统的发展为驱动;以基于Mashup的信息聚合技术和Web服务技术为支持,提出了海洋信息服务聚合平台的体系框架.研究了面向聚合应用的海洋信息服务模式和基于Mashup的海洋信息服务的聚合方法.最后以海洋信息服务聚合...     

中国海洋渔业人力资源结构的灰色分析及其预测

用灰色关联和灰色预测的方法，对我国沿海省市海洋渔业人力资源的结构和现状进行了分析，并对2000～2005年的人力资源发展状况进行了预测。结果认为，对海洋渔业劳动力影响最大的因素是海洋捕捞专业的劳动力，其次是海洋兼业劳动力，再次是海洋养殖和后勤专业的劳动力，这一人力资源的组成结构对可持续渔业的发展要求不尽合理。通过分别建立灰色模型GM（1，1），预测到2000～2005年从事海洋渔业的劳动力人数将达到291.9～343.8万人，海洋捕捞的劳动力人数为128.5～149.2万人，海洋养殖的劳动力人数为54.3～77.9万人，海洋后勤的劳动力人数为29.1～35.4万人，海洋兼业的劳动力人数为81.3～87.9万人。     

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN CHINA

China is a large marine country. Developing marine economy is an effective way to solve a series of problems with which man is faced, such as the want of natural resources, space limitation, the environmental deterioration, etc. This article analyzes the rich resources of marine biology, harbor, offshore oil and natural gas and coastal tourism resources in China and describes the developing features and regional differences of marine economy. To realize the sustainable development of marine economy in China, what we need to do are as follows: 1 ) to list exploiting ocean into national development strategy; 2) to realize integrated economy of sea and land; 3) to develop ocean by science and technology; 4) to perfect legal institution of marine environment; 5) to establish new idea of sea defending.     

海洋渔业管理理念的发展与演变

海洋渔业资源作为一种公共资源具有非排他性和竞争性,公地悲剧的困境使其面临强烈的搭便车诱惑,导致资源过度利用甚至枯竭。如何对海洋渔业资源进行有效管理,是维持海洋渔业可持续发展的关键所在。介绍了海洋渔业管理理念的发展与演变过程,在对基于政府集权、权利、社区以及生态系统的海洋渔业管理理念及其优缺点进行分析与研究的基础上,探讨了海洋渔业管理的未来发展趋势,并且阐述了其对我国海洋渔业管理带来的启示。     

Studies on marine oil spills and their ecological damage

The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment. It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents, which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources.     

海洋经济强省指标体系研究

海洋经济强省指标体系的建立对海洋经济发展具有重要的意义。在坚持系统性与层次性、现实性与导向性、定量与定性相结合的原则下,将海洋经济强省指标体系划分为目标层、领域层、要素层、指标层四个层次。围绕海洋自然资源领域、海洋经济效益领域、海洋生态效益领域、海洋科技领域、海洋文教领域、海洋社会领域六个领域对海洋经济强省指标体系进行了设计。最后提出了海洋经济强省的建设路径。     

Responses of marine-derived Trichoderma fungi to seawater and their potential antagonistic behaviour

To explore the metabolic responses of marine-derived Trichoderma fungi to environmental stresses, the survivability, metabolism, and antagonism of ten marine isolates have been examined. Their survival in both freshwater and seawater indicates them to be facultative marine fungi, but they are more adaptable to marine environment. Most of them feature strain-specific and positive metabolic responses to seawater, which also usually result in the higher proportions of heteroatom-bearing and unsaturated units in mycelial constituents. Seawater factors can promote many strains to produce bioactive metabolites,including plant pathogen-and marine phytoplankton-inhibitory and marine animal-toxic ones, but the ef fects of NaCl are often weak or negative. The inhibition of marine phytoplankton corresponds to the intracellular accumulation of heteroatom-bearing and unsaturated units under seawater condition, and the varied toxicities to marine animals further signify the divergences of lipophilic exudates under dif ferent conditions. The results may contribute to further understanding and mining the structural diversity and biological activity of secondary metabolites from marine-derived Trichoderma fungi.     

Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of regional marine ecosystem services value

Marine ecosystem services are the benefits which people obtain from the marine ecosystem, including provisioning ser-vices, regulating services, cultural services and supporting services. The human species, while buffered against environmental changes by culture and technology, is fundamentally dependent on the flow of ecosystem services. Marine ecosystem services be-come increasingly valuable as the terrestrial resources become scarce. The value of marine ecosystem services is the monetary flow of ecosystem services on specific temporal and spatial scales, which often changes due to the variation of the goods prices, yields and the status of marine exploitation. Sensitivity analysis is to study the relationship between the value of marine ecosystem services and the main factors which affect it. Uncertainty analysis based on varying prices, yields and status of marine exploitation was carried out. Through uncertainty analysis, a more credible value range instead of a fixed value of marine ecosystem services was obtained in this study. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of the marine ecosystem services value revealed the relative importance of different factors.