体外预应力自复位框架基于性能的抗震设计方法

体外预应力自复位框架通过设置铰接节点弱化结构整体抗侧刚度,减小输入到结构中地震能量,地震作用后利用钢绞线的弹性回复力进行自复位。在已有的理论分析和试验研究基础上,对体外预应力自复位框架结构的抗震设计方法进行了研究。确定了体外预应力自复位框架结构的抗震性能水准、多道防线的布置以及抗震设计流程。以一个三层三跨体外预应力自复位框架为例进行了基于性能的抗震设计,采用有限元程序进行动力时程分析,输入3条地震波模拟结构经历设计烈度地震、罕遇地震的动力响应。分析结果表明:体外预应力自复位框架结构在罕遇地震作用下,最大层间位移角满足设计要求的性能目标,验证了基于性能抗震设计方法的有效性,同时表明体外预应力自复位框架结构具有良好的自复位能力和优异的抗震性能。     

高层钢结构地震失效模式控制的失效路径修正法

本文主要研究高层钢框架结构的地震失效模式及其控制方法。首先,给出了高层钢结构的地震失效模式的分析方法;其次,提出了根据结构的失效路径来加强构件对高层钢结构的地震失效模式进行控制的方法;然后,提出了结构整体抗震能力的分析方法以及分别相应于设计能力和屈服能力的能力储备分析方法;最后,通过对一座15层的钢框架结构进行典型地震动下的极限时程分析和极限pushover分析,得到高层钢框架结构的失效模式和整体抗震能力以及相应于最弱失效模式的能力储备,并验证了本文中地震失效模式控制方法的有效性。本文的研究表明,高层钢结构的地震失效模式控制可以采用结构失效路径修正(薄弱构件加强)来实现。     

罕遇地震作用下的框架-摇摆刚架结构体系动力可靠度研究

针对钢筋混凝土框架结构的受力特点,采用增设摇摆刚架的抗震设计方法,以提高罕遇地震下建筑结构的安全性。建立了框架一摇摆刚架结构体系的计算模型,结合状态空间法与虚拟激励法,求解结构的平稳随机响应,并根据计算所得随机响应对框架一摇摆刚架体系的动力可靠度进行分析。以西部地区某已建成的6层框架结构为算例,探讨了罕遇地震作用下不同刚度比的摇摆刚架对新结构体系动力可靠度的影响。结果表明,通过增设不同刚度比的摇摆刚架,可以有效协调结构体系的变形模式,充分发挥结构的耗能能力,降低整体结构的条件失效概率。     

设计因素对RC框架结构地震易损性的影响

考虑到结构抵抗地震作用的机制为结构和地震动的不确定性与非线性相互耦合的过程,采用增量动力分析(IDA)考虑地震动的不确定性,选取16条地震动记录,基于OpenSEES的有限元建模理论对13榀平面RC框架结构进行基于IDA方法的地震易损性分析,分别讨论轴压比、高宽比、混凝土强度以及纵筋强度等结构参数对RC框架结构抗震性能的影响。结果表明:柱轴压比对结构抗震性能的影响显著,而高宽比对结构抗震性能的影响不明显;在保证柱轴压比相近的前提下,提高柱混凝土强度能够提升结构的抗震性能;相同地震作用下梁柱配置纵筋强度较高的框架结构达到立即使用(IO)状态和生命安全(LS)状态的概率较配置纵筋强度较低的大,配置纵筋强度较高的框架结构较配置纵筋强度较低的表现出更好的抗倒塌能力。     

剪切型结构的抗震强度折减系数研究

为了研究剪切型结构抗震强度需求的变化规律,本文基于单自由度体系的非线性时程分析,研究了不同场地条件下延性折减系数与位移延性系数和结构自振周期的关系;采用修正等效单自由度体系位移延性折减系数的方法,研究了剪切型多自由度体系的延性折减系数;以基于中国建筑抗震规范设计的代表不同抗震能力要求的RC框架结构为分析对象,通过静力弹塑性分析,研究了RC框架结构的体系超强能力。分析结果表明场地类别、位移延性水准和结构振动周期对单自由度体系的延性折减系数有显著的影响;多自由度体系的抗震延性折减系数明显比其相应的等效单自由度体系的抗震延性折减系数小;RC框架结构的超强系数一般随结构楼层数的增加而减小,随抗震设防烈度的增大而减小,内框架的超强系数比边框架的超强系数大。     

地下与地上钢筋混凝土矩形结构抗震性能对比研究

地下结构由于受周围土体的约束作用,其受力与变形特点与地上结构存在差异。采用Pushover分析方法分别对考虑土-结构相互作用的地下结构和不考虑土体的地上结构的抗震性能进行对比研究,探讨单层单跨和单层双跨钢筋混凝土矩形结构在有、无土体存在时抗震性能的差异。研究表明:考虑土-结构相互作用的地下结构变形能力与无土体时存在差异。在相同结构尺寸与初始轴压比的情况下,考虑土-结构相互作用的地下结构弹性层间位移角限值变小,地下结构更早出现塑性铰;单跨地下结构变形能力比地上结构的差,周围土体的剪切变形约束作用使得地下结构的延性变差;双跨地下结构与地上结构中柱变形能力相差不多,但侧墙的变形能力比地上结构的略差。因此,即使相同尺寸和初始轴压比的钢筋混凝土矩形结构,地上与地下结构的抗震性能仍存在较大差异,地上结构的相关研究成果不宜直接用于地下结构。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构自复位加固研究

为减小结构震后残余位移,提高框架结构的震后可修复性,本文提出1种自复位耗能加固方法。以一典型框架结构为例,对比传统框架结构和采用自复位耗能装置加固框架结构的地震响应,并研究自复位耗能装置各参数对加固后结构抗震性能的影响。结果表明:采用自复位耗能装置加固框架结构可有效减小残余位移,但有可能增大结构内力响应;结构的残余位移随着弹簧刚度的增大而减小,结构的内力响应也随之增大;预拉力越大,结构内力响应增加越小,在实际工程中应对自复位加固装置的弹簧刚度和预拉力进行优化以获得最优的自复位加固效果。     

带现浇楼板RC框架结构抗震性能的多因素影响分析

采用pushover和非线性动力时程分析方法,分析了多因素下带楼板框架和不带楼板框架的抗震性能,并研究了在双向地震作用下框架结构的性能及需求。建立两组模型并完成对比分析,结果表明:考虑楼板的框架结构在不同轴压比及柱端弯矩增大系数作用下抗震性能会降低;在单向地震作用下可实现结构的"强柱弱梁"屈服机制;斜向地震作用下带楼板的框架结构,在轴压比取值高于0.56或者柱端弯矩增大系数高于2.0时,才能形成"强柱弱梁"屈服机制;斜向地震作用下用空间带楼板框架模型考虑结构体系的空间抗震机制更加合适。     

基于分体柱的地铁车站结构抗震性能研究

浅埋地下车站结构中柱和地面高层结构底层中柱相似,地震作用下均需承担较大的竖向压力,易因变形能力不足发生脆性破坏。在某2层3跨地铁车站结构中引入地面高层结构中的分体柱设计理念,形成新型地下车站结构抗震体系。首先,通过拟静力推覆分析对比了传统钢筋混凝土中柱和分体柱在轴向压力作用下的水平变形特性;然后,建立了土-结构相互作用的拟静力推覆分析有限元模型,从关键截面内力、关键构件变形能力、关键构件塑性损伤等角度对比了传统钢筋混凝土中柱和分体柱的地下结构抗震性能差异。研究结果表明,将分体柱应用于2层3跨地铁车站结构中可提高整体结构抗震性能,其工作机理是避免分体柱承担过大的剪力和弯矩,并充分发挥分体柱竖向支撑能力和水平变形能力。     

两次地震作用下RC框架结构抗震能力分析方法研究

为研究钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构在两次地震作用下的抗震能力,给出了一种考虑两次地震作用的结构分析方法。首先采用动力时程分析,得到第一次地震作用下结构的顶点位移,并将其作为目标位移;然后采用静力往复加载方式对结构加载到该目标位移并卸载到零,然后反向加载到结构能力极限(即结构倒塌时的顶点位移),并对反向加载曲线进行坐标变换作为结构经历一次地震后的能力曲线,用此能力曲线对结构进行Pushover分析,得到结构经历两次地震后的损伤状态与抗震能力。利用所提方法对某3层典型RC框架结构进行分析,得到了其在两次地震作用下的抗震能力曲线与损伤状态。结果表明:连续两次地震作用下,RC框架结构损伤累积效应明显,与单次地震作用相比,其损伤水平提高较大,对本文结构来说提高约30%。因此,目前仅考虑单次地震的设计理论与方法是不完备和不安全的,建议在设计时提高结构的抗震设防水平。该文方法、结果与结论可供结构抗震设计、结构抗震分析等工作参考。     

Research on the seismic retrofitting performance of RC frames using SC-PBSPC BRBF substructures

A new type of external substructure to upgrade existing reinforced concrete frames (RCFs) is presented in this paper, namely, a self-centering precast bolt-connected steel-plate reinforced concrete buckling-restrained brace frame (SC-PBSPC BRBF). The upgrade mechanism and three-dimensional simulation model were analyzed based on relevant experiment validations. A quasistatic analysis and parameter study was conducted using 21 scenarios to compare the upgrading effects of the outside substructure. Afterwards, a stiffness-based design procedure was developed and modified for this external substructure, including macro-demand analysis, partial component design, and overall structural evaluations. Dynamic analyses were also performed on a frame building for five cases, before and after strengthening. The proposed numerical model reflected the precast characteristics and displayed the ideal fitting accuracy. The external assembled brace provided sufficient initial stiffness and energy dissipation capacity, while the external prestressed tendon decreased residual displacements and facilitated self-centering of the whole structure. The analyses illustrated that the damage to the existing RCF was transferred and seismic demands were significantly reduced within limitations, accompanied with greater capacity reliability. This research provides a reference for the practical applications of the external upgrading substructures in earthquake-prone areas.     

腹板摩擦式钢框架节点震后可更换性能的试验研究

主要针对梁腹板带有摩擦耗能螺栓的自复位钢框架节点结构进行抗震性能和可更换性能的试验研究,探讨该类节点在往复荷载作用下的滞回性能以及节点域的变形特征。在参数选型的基础上,对5组钢框架节点试件进行了低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,其中:4组试件具有自复位能力,分析了各试件的承载力、刚度、耗能性能和滞回特性等性能。综合研究结果表明:所提出的拼接节点能够利用摩擦螺栓的滑移提高节点的耗能能力,有效减少梁和柱主体构件的损伤,同时预应力筋提供了结构的自复位能力。试验结果表明:在地震作用之后,通过更换腹板及摩擦螺栓可以使结构的承载能力和耗能性能与震前基本一致,从而实现结构功能的快速恢复。     

Numerical investigation on seismic performance of a shallow buried underground structure with isolation devices

A design procedure for improving the seismic performance of unequal-span underground structures by installing isolation devices at the top end of columns is proposed based on the seismic failure mode of frame-type underground structures and the design concept of critical support columns. A two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) for a soil-underground structure with an unequal-span interaction system was established to shed light on the effects of a complex subway station with elastic sliding bearings (ESB) and lead rubber bearings (LRB) on seismic mitigation. It was found that the stiffness and internal force distribution of the underground structure changed remarkably with the installation of isolation devices at the top end of the columns. The constraints of the beam-column joints were significantly weakened, resulting in a decrease in the overall lateral stiffness and an increase in the structural lateral displacement. The introduction of the isolation device effectively reduces the internal force and seismic damage of the frame column; however, the tensile damage to the isolation structure, such as the roof, bottom plate, and sidewall, significantly increased compared to those of the non-isolation structure. Although the relative slip of the ESB remains within a controllable range under strong earthquake excitation as well as frame columns with stable vertical support and self-restoration functions, the LRB shows a better performance during seismic failure and better lateral displacement response of the unequal-span underground structure. The analysis results provide new ideas and references for promoting the application of seismic isolation technology in underground structures.     

Probabilistic seismic performance evaluation of SMA-braced steel frames considering SMA brace failure

This study explores seismic performance of steel frame buildings with SMA-based self-centering bracing systems using a probabilistic approach. The self-centering bracing system described in this study relies on superelastic response of large-diameter cables. The bracing systems is designed such that the SMA cables are always stressed in tension. A four-story steel frame building characterized until collapse in previous research is selected as a case-study building. The selected steel frame building is designed with SMA bracing systems considering various design parameters for SMA braces. Numerical models of these buildings are developed by taking into account the ultimate state of structural components and SMA braces as well as the effect of gravity frames on lateral load resistance. Nonlinear static analyses are conducted to assess the seismic characteristics of each frame and to examine the effect of SMA brace failure on the seismic load carrying capacity of SMA-braced frames. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) are performed to compute seismic response of the designed frames at various seismic intensity levels. The results of IDA are used to develop probabilistic seismic demand models for peak inter-story and residual inter-story drifts. Seismic demand hazard curves of peak and residual inter-story drifts are generated by convolving the ground motion hazard with the probabilistic seismic demand models. Results show that steel frames designed with SMA bracing systems provide considerably lower probability of reaching at a damage state level associated with residual drifts compared to a similarly designed steel moment resisting frame, especially for seismic events with high return periods. This indicates reduced risks for the demolition and collapse due to excessive residual drifts for SMA braced steel frames.     

自复位中心支撑钢框架结构抗震性能分析

为了研究自复位中心支撑钢框架（SC-CBF）结构的抗震性能,对一四层SC-CBF结构进行了静力弹塑性分析、低周往复加载分析和动力弹塑性时程分析,并与中心支撑钢框架（CBF）结构进行对比,探究了不同GAP单元刚度和预应力筋截面积对SC-CBF结构自复位性能及抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:与传统CBF结构相比,SC-CBF结构的抗侧能力强,地震作用下基底剪力小,卸载后的残余变形较小,具有良好的延性性能;在极罕遇地震作用下SC-CBF结构的位移响应大,耗散的能量多,层间位移角大而残余位移小,表现出良好的自复位性能和抗震性能;GAP单元刚度对预应力筋的受力性能影响较为明显,对结构的整体受力性能和延性性能影响较小,但结构的整体受力性能和延性性能受预应力筋截面积影响显著。     

填充墙RC框架结构加固方法的研究现状及展望

综述了用于提高填充墙钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构抗震性能和改善结构损伤模式的几类加固措施,从工艺、加固效果和破坏形式3个角度进行了分析.在建筑结构设计过程中,填充墙通常被视为一种典型的脆性非均质非结构构件,忽视了填充墙与RC框架之间的相互作用.地震调查报告表明,在结构遭受地震作用时,填充墙通常先于钢筋混凝土框架发生破坏,...     

Shake-table testing of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame with shear walls

The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete (RC) frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls (SPCW), which utilize a combination of unbonded prestressed post-tensioned (PT) tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.     

蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体填充墙框架结构抗震性能试验

为进一步改善框架结构平面内和平面外抗震性能,本文提出带X形斜撑的新型砌体填充墙构造方案,并进行了4榀蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体填充墙框架结构试验,以研究墙体构造措施和墙-框连接方式对框架结构抗震性能的影响。首先进行平面内水平低周往复荷载试验,随后进行历经平面内损伤的平面外单调静力加载试验,最后进行承载力、刚度退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的分析。结果表明:墙-框柔性连接方案下,填充墙框架结构的平面内及平面外水平承载力和初始刚度均小于刚性连接方案,而变形能力、耗能能力和位移延性等性能指标均比刚性连接表现更好;墙-框柔性连接且填充墙带X形斜撑框架结构的平面内及平面外抗震性能指标均有明显改善,更有利于抗震。     

我国7度设防等跨RC框架抗地震倒塌能力研究

我国建筑结构抗震设计主要采用基于小震下的构件承载力计算保证结构的抗震承载能力,配合抗震构造措施保证结构的变形能力,缺乏大震抗倒塌定量计算.而实际地震震害表明,即使是同类结构,其结构体系参数对其抗地震倒塌能力也有很大影响.为此,本文依据《建筑抗震设计规范》GB50011 - 2001,按照7度抗震设防设计了24个不同跨度...