1999年山西大同-阳高5.6级地震宏观烈度考察报告

叙述了对１９９９年１１月１日山西大同－阳高Ｍｓ５．６地震的宏观考察情况,确定了宏观震中的烈度,圈定了Ⅶ度、Ⅵ度、Ⅴ度烈度区的范围。指出极震区呈椭圆形,长轴北西向,长９．６ｋｍ,短轴北东向,长４．２ｋｍ,面积约３２．０ｋｍ＾２。阐述了震前宏观异常现象及震区的地质构造环境,得出了本次地震的发震构造为团保断裂的结论。     

昆仑8.1级地震动力影响下青藏块体北部构造运动特征研究

印度板块对欧亚大陆的强烈推挤作用是中国西部地震活动的根本力源.大尺度的构造动力作用应具有相对稳定性.从受力平衡的观点看,在基本恒定的边界载荷作用下,大陆内部应力场在不断地进行着自我调整,可以是缓慢的构造变形,也可能是强烈地震引起的短期变化.一条断裂上剧烈的突发运动必然破坏原有的平衡,从而引起其他相关构造应力应变的响应性改变和周边块体运动的适应性调整.这种状况有利于潜在震源区域应变能的累积和错动的发生.     

1973年炉霍大地震(Ms=7.6)最大余震(Ms=6.3)的库仑破裂应力触发

1973年2月6日在四川省炉霍发生Ms7.6大地震，震后在震中周围出现丰富的余震，其最大余震（Ms6.3）发生在鲜水河断裂和玉树－甘孜断裂之间的正断层活动区内。本文根据震源机制解，地表破裂，同震位错分布，地震地质构造等资料，建立炉霍走大地震破裂的弹性位错模型，计算该大地震在周围正断层滑动方向上引起的库仑破裂应力变化（△CFS），结果表明，最大余震发生在库仑破裂应力增加（△CFS＞0）的地区，△CFS＝4.5MPa,因此认为，最大余震可能是由主震引起的库仑破裂应力变化触发的。     

The Triggering Mechanism for the largest Aftershock （ Ms = 6.3 ） of the Great Luhuo Event （ Ms =7.6） in 1973

INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears,thestudiesontemporaryandspatialfeaturesofaftershocksaroundepicentersandtheirmechanismhavebeenanimportantpartofseismology .Theaftershocksrelatedtothestateoffaultruptureofmainshockscouldbedistinguishedasthreetypes,theyare:(1)theaftershocksalongbro kenfaultsegments;(2 )theaftershocksontheborderoftherupturebelt;and (3)theaftershocksin ducedbymainshocksthatoccurredbeyondthemainruptures.Themechanismofthefirsttypemightbetheadjustmentoftheremnantasperityinthefaultplaneofm…     

Earthquake Activity Features Before Earthquakes with Ms ≥ 7.0 in the Central-Northern QinghaiXizang (Tibet) Block

We have studied the seismicity features of M_S≥5.0 earthquakes two years before strong earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 occurred in the central-northern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block since 1920. The results have showed that there is an obvious gap or quiescence of M_S5.0～6.9 earthquakes near epicenters. We have also studied statistical seismicity parameters of M_S5.0～6.9 earthquakes in the same region since 1950. The results have showed that earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 occurred when earthquake frequency is relatively high and earthquake time, space accumulation degrees are rising. And the prediction effect R value scores are between 0.4～0.7. We have concluded that, before earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 in the central-northern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block, M_S5.0～6.0 earthquake activity in the whole area increased and accumulated in time and space, but earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 occurred where M_S5.0～6.0 earthquake activity was relatively quiet.     

Regional study of the anomalous change in apparent resistivity before the Tangshan earthquake (M=7.8, 1976) in China

Electrical resistivity measurements have been conducted as a possible means for obtaining precursory earthquake information. Before five great earthquakes (M>7,h<25 km) in China, the apparent resistivity _a showed systematic variations within a region 200 km from the epicenters. In particular, 9 stations in the Tangshan-Tianjin-Beijing region prior to the Tangshan earthquake (M=7.8,h=11 km, 27 July 1976) showed a consistent decrease of apparent resistivity around the epicenter, with a maximum resistivity change of 6% and a period of variation of 2–3 years. Simultaneous water table observations in this region showed a declining water table, and ground surface observations indicated a slight (5 mm) uplift in the epicenter region relative to its surroundings.In order to develop an explanation for the observed change of apparent resistivity associated with these great earthquakes, we have used Archie's Law to explore the effects of changes in rock porosity, water content and electrolyte resistivity on measured resistivity.Tentative conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the apparent resistivity change is opposite to the effect expected from the simultaneous water table trend; (2) the dilatancy needed to give such resistivity variations (assuming Archie's Law holds) is much larger than that needed to explain the observed uplift (by 2–3 orders of magnitude); (3) salinity change in the pore electrolyte is a possible explanation for the variation in resistivity: an increase in the salinity would cause a proportional decrease in resistivity; the data needed to test this hypothesis, however, are lacking; and (4) the effect of changing geometry of rock pores or cracks due to pressure solution may provide an explanation for the decrease in apparent resistivity; it is different in nature from the effect of a volume change in response to stress although the geometry change is also closely related to the stress change.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震后的强震趋势研讨

对我国大陆及邻区与西部地区1895年以来各地震期中地震能量主释放段分别进行了分析，各时期地震能量的主释放段的时长，均为7－8年；并利用各地震期累计地震频度的指数型分布模型分区拟合，得到各时期增长率；分析了2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震后在川、滇地区发生强震的几率，最后对强震趋势和了预测研讨。     

1970年通海7.7级大地震强余震触发

1970年1月5日云南通海发生了M_S7.7地震, 震后发生了多次M_S＞5.0的强余震。 文中计算了1970年通海7.7级大地震后, 主震分别在5次强余震破裂面上诱发的库仑破裂应力变化(ΔCFS)。 结果表明, 有4次强余震发生在库仑破裂应力增加(ΔCFS＞0)的地区, 增加的范围为10^-2～10^-1 MPa; 有1次强余震按2种震源机制解结果给出的破裂面计算, 得到2种结果, 分别发生在库仑破裂应力变化为正和在库仑破裂应力变化为负的地区。 研究结果表明, 主震位错产生的库仑破裂应力变化可能是1970年通海7.7级大地震强余震活动的重要原因。     

1999年台湾集集7．6级地震对大陆地区影响烈度调查及研究

本文通过对资料的分析研究,力求给出1999年台湾集集7.6级地震波及大陆东南沿海地区的影响烈度分布情况,并利用福建数字遥测地震台网有限的速度记录资料,给出该震波及大陆东南沿海地区峰值加速度分布的参考性结果.研究表明,平潭、惠安、莆田、福清等地受该地震波及的影响烈度、峰值加速度是大陆东南沿海地区最高的.     

The Spatial and Temporal Variatiion of Modern Tectonic Stress Field in North CHina before and after the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake

By using 126 earthquake focal mechanism solutions (M S≥4.7) during the period of 1963～1998, modern tectonic stress field in North China is inverted by means of the step by step convergence. The inversion results indicate that the tectonic stress field in the research region is clearly variational in space and time: (1) The middling principal stress axis σ 2 is basically vertical. The maximum and minimum principal stress axes σ 1 and σ 2 are nearly horizontal, but the azimuths of σ 1 and σ 3 are inconsistent in different districts and periods. (2) Before the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, the three principal stress axes are uniform. The azimuth of maximum principal stress axis σ 1 is 68° (striking in a NEE-SWW direction). (3) After the Tangshan earthquake, the maximum principal stress axis σ 1 and minimum principal stress axis σ 3 have variations in different districts. In the northern area of North China and on the eastern side of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone, the maximum principal stress axis σ 1 is also striking in a NEE-SWW direction. Its azimuth is 68°. It is the same as that before the Tangshan earthquake. In the southern area of North China, the maximum principal stress axis σ 1 is striking in a E-W direction and its azimuth is 87°.     

2012年新疆新源—和静M_S6.6地震极震区地质灾害特征研究

通过叙述2012年6月30日新源—和静MS6.6地震极震区内地震崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝和碎石流4种地震地质灾害规模、分布特征,结合震前极震区内地质灾害分布类型和特征,将震前与震后的地质灾害特征进行对比分析,认为虽然此次地震极震区烈度仅为Ⅷ度,但发生的地震裂缝与地震崩塌等地震地质灾害具有独特性,应与该地区的地貌、地层岩性有关。     

吉林省松原地区1119年6 3／4级地震的发震构造条件

１９９９年６ ３／４级地震是东北地区震级在的地震,目前对其发震构造背景缺乏深入的研究。本文从深部构造背景,浅层构造条件和深浅部构造关系等方面,对１１１９年地震的发震构造背景作了剖析。研究认为,本次地震的宏观震中位于扶余－前郭一带,地质构造上,该区处于松辽盆地中央凹陷和东南隆起的交接部位;深部构造背景上,该区是莫霍面起伏的拐点,存在北东向基底断鲜明和弱西向深部断裂,前者规模较大,晚新生代有弱活动,是     

Retrospective Prediction of Macroseismic Intensities Using Strong Ground Motion Simulation: The Case of the 1978 Thessaloniki (Greece) Earthquake (M6.5)

The densely populated city of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) is situated in~the vicinity of active seismic faults, capable of producing moderate to strong earthquakes. The city has been severely affected by such events several times during the last 15 centuries. The most recent event occurred on 20 June 1978 (M6.5) in the Mygdonian graben, with an epicentral distance of about 30 km, causing extended damage in the city, with macroseismic intensities between MSK V+ and VIII+. The majority of buildings affected by the earthquake were of reinforced-concrete typology, typical to many southern European metropolitan areas. The source properties of the normal-faulting causative event and the source-to-city propagation path are well known from previous studies. The soil structure under the metropolitan area of Thessaloniki is assigned NEHRP categories B, C, D on the basis of geotechnical and geologic information and single-station ambient-noise measurements. A finite source model and various rupture scenarios of the June 1978 earthquake are used to perform forward stochastic modeling of strong ground motion in terms of peak ground and spectral acceleration. Rock motion is assessed under the city and it is transferred to the surface in accordance with the respective soil category. A GIS tool is employed to compare the estimated strong-motion parameters with the observed detailed damage pattern induced by the 1978 earthquake. For selected natural periods, a satisfactory correlation is established between macroseismic intensity and peak ground and spectral acceleration, thus encouraging the application of stochastic modeling for generating realistic ground-shaking scenarios in metropolitan areas.     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震宁洱县城现代建筑典型震害分析

2007年6月3日云南宁洱发生6.4级地震。对宁洱县城区的砖混结构、框架结构、底层框架结构及空旷房屋等共15幢建筑的典型震害进行了分析。结果表明,造成建筑物破坏较重的主要原因有:①地基不均匀沉陷;②设计不合理;③设防烈度低;④施工质量差,砂浆标号低;⑤沉降缝不规范;⑥震害累积效应;⑦孤立山包及边坡陡坎影响等诸多因素。     

2002年玉门5.9级地震的震害特征及发震断裂

20 0 2年 1 2月 1 4日 2 1时 2 7分 ,在甘肃省河西走廊西端的酒西盆地南缘 ,玉门市西旱峡煤矿 -妖魔山一带发生了MS5 9破坏性地震 ,它是继 2 0 0 0年景泰 5 9级地震、2 0 0 1年 7月1 1日肃南祁青乡 5 3级地震后 ,在祁连山北缘发生的又一次破坏性地震。是中国大陆 2 0 0 2年度发生的最大一次地震 ,也是甘肃省遭遇的第一次现代化工业城市地震。整个玉门市震感强烈 ,部分建、构筑物 ,工业设施遭到不同程度的破坏或损坏。在现场考察的基础上 ,本文主要讨论本次地震的震害特征和发震断裂特征。1　主要震害及其特征1 1　震害及其类型本次地震造…     

Synthesis of accelerations of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake(M_S 7.8)in near-and far-field by using semi-empirical method

Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅ１９７６Ｔａｎｇｓｈａｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ（ＭＳ７．８）ｉｎｎｅａｒａｎｄｆａｒｆｉｅｌｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｓｅｍｉｅｍｐｉｒｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄＱＩＦＥＮＧＬＵＯ１）（罗奇峰）ＹＵ?..     

2006年7月4日河北文安MS5.1地震前震中周围地区小震视应力随时间的变化

2006年7月4日河北文安发生MS5.1地震,震前的2001年10月始在震区附近形成了ML≥1.5地震空区,这次地震发生在该空区边缘。本文在近震源条件下,根据Brune模式,利用北京数字遥测地震台网观测到的波形资料,测定了该空区边缘发生的20次ML≥2.0地震的地震矩和地震能量,进而计算了地震视应力,分析了空区形成过程中这些地震的视应力随时间的变化。结果表明,2004年出现了明显的视应力升高过程。这说明该空区的形成伴随着应力的增强过程,可能具有预测意义。     

首都圈地区前兆台址地质条件对其映震能力影响的统计分析

本文系统收集了首都圈地区38个形变类观测台、29个地下水类观测井与15个电磁类观测台的地质—水文地质条件,并根据1976—1989年间5个中强地震前的58个台项的异常,逐项统计分析了台址地质—水文地质条件对其映震能力的影响。得到的认识是,影响地形变类台站映震能力的主要地质条件是构造单元、邻近断裂的走向、距离、活动时代与台基地层岩性;影响地下水类观测井映震能力的主要条件是构造单元、邻近断裂的走向、距离、部位、井深、含水层的地层岩性与地下水类型;影响地电磁类台站映震能力的主要条件是构造单元、新生界盖层的结构与厚度、表土岩性、基底岩性与壳内高导层顶面埋深等。     

Synthesis of accelerations of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake ( M S 7.8) in near- and far-field by using semi-empirical method

In this paper a heterogeneous fault model of the Tangshan earthquake is suggested, which consists of two southern sub-faults striking N30°E and two northern sub-faults striking N50°E. Total length of the main shock fault is 114 km and seismic moment is about 1.4 × 10²⁰ N·m. The epicentre of the main shock is located at the southern part, near the intersection of the two bands. Accelerations of two aftershocks (M _L 5.5, M _S 6.9) were used as empirical Green’s functions to synthesize the accelerations of the main shock in near and far field. A method that small events and main shock are considered not satisfying the similarity relationship in the improved empirical Green’s function is also applied in this paper. Peak values, duration and response spectra of synthesized accelerations in far field are in agreement with the observed records. The synthesized results in near field are also in agreement with the epicentral intensity distribution of the main shock. The results show that the peak acceleration of Tangshan earthquake in epicentral region exceeds 1.1 g. It is consistent with the peak accelerations recorded in some large earthquakes occurred in recent years. The research is supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

Investigation of the Calibration Function of Local Earthquake Magnitude （ ML ） in the Fujian-Taiwan Region

The author carefully selected earthquakes with M_L=4.0～5.0, 215 occurring in the crust in the Taiwan region. The attenuation characteristics of maximum displacement recorded by the Fujian digital network have been obtained by multi-analysis as follows:logA=2.07 231.1/Δ (150km≤Δ≤650km) And the corresponding expression of calibration function is, R(Δ)=3.45-231.1(1/Δ-0.01) (150km≤Δ≤650km) Then, the author determined the magnitude and its error with the data from the Fujian network using the calibration function brought forward in 1997 and the above formula for 790 earthquakes occurring in the crust in the Taiwan region from September 1997 ～ August 2005. The result indicates that the average error of the network is 0.20 with the former and 0.18 with the latter. The average error is 0.13 with the latter with station correction. Compared with the magnitude determined by Taiwan seismologists, the magnitude value with the former is lower by 0.50 on average and that with the latter is higher by 0.08 on average.