第二松花江干流傍河开采潜力评价

在第二松花江傍河开采适宜性评价的基础上,根据研究区的地质和水文地质条件,建立了水文地质概念模型及相应的数学模型,建立了基于Visual MODFlow的地下水流数值模型;以地下水水位降深不大于含水砂层厚度的1/3为准则,通过使预测流场与允许降深条件下的流场尽量接近,给出了第二松花江干流傍河开采条件下的地下水允许开采量。结果表明:现状年条件下区域地下水资源开采强度较小,而傍河开采条件下各适宜区地下水开采潜力巨大,在多年平均降水保证率条件下,地下水允许开采量可达140×104 m3/d;适度规模傍河开采可引起地表水与地下水转化关系的变化,但不会对河流生态功能产生不利影响。     

地下水与河水脱节的实验与模拟

傍河取水是我国北方城市一种常用的供水模式,由于河道径流量较小,在枯水季节河流附近的地下水与河水产生脱节。本文用砂槽模型进行了地下水与河水脱节的物理模拟,然后再应用饱和流与变饱和流模型进行理论模拟。物理和理论模拟得到了相同的结论和几点新的认识：地下水与河水脱节之前,河水浸润曲线是一条弯向河流的上四曲线;脱节点不位于河床面而在河床面以下的含水层内部;脱节后在河床下形成一个悬挂饱和层。     

傍河水井河流补给段确定方法

确定傍河水井河流补给段,并对此段河水水质进行必要的保护,是傍河水井污染防治工作的重要组成部分。根据背景均匀流中傍河水井附近的稳定流场,分别提出了地下水补给河流和河流补给地下水背景情况下傍河水井河流补给段的计算方法,并通过算例证明了该方法的实用性。     

某傍河污染场地排污河与地下水水力联系模拟研究

为研究常见地表排污河对地下水造成的影响,选择安徽省淮北市濉河某傍河区域进行研究。在对研究场地开展野外调查、抽水试验、微水试验等工作的基础上,从水动力学角度对研究场地地下水进行系统研究。应用Processing Modflow建立了该研究场地的水文地质模型,根据各均衡区间水量交换情况揭示了排污河、深浅含水层间的水力联系状况。模拟结果表明,排污河与浅层含水层之间没有明显的水力联系;深、浅含水层之间的水力联系微弱。     

傍河地下水水源地污染模式研究

傍河取水是常见的地下水供水形式之一,但水源地的水质常常受到河流污染物的威胁。近年来,随着区域地下水位的下降和开采条件的变化,河水补给地下水的形式也趋于多样化,从而影响着污染物的迁移。本文通过对河水与地下水的各种关系的分析,给出了河水污染地下水的各种模式,并综合得出其数学模型及其解,最后用实例说明其应用过程。     

黄河下游断流对傍河水源地影响的研究

保持黄河不断流是傍河水源地存在的必要条件,黄河频繁的断流威胁傍河开采水源地的稳定性。本文建立了黄河下游影响带地下水系统模拟模型,模拟预测黄河下游在断流和恢复过流条件下,傍河开采时黄河侧渗量的变化趋势及傍河开采水源地地下水的演变趋势。研究表明:断流条件下,因傍河水源地开采而激发的黄河侧渗补给量增加幅度达28．4％-126．4％;小浪底水库运行对于傍河水源地实现稳定开采具有重要意义。     

濉河符离集段地表水污染与傍河浅层地下水相互关系的研究

本文通过对濉河符离集段地表水与傍河浅层地下水的水位、水质进行同步观测,采用相关分析的方法,对濉河符离集段地表水与傍河浅层地下水的水位、水质相互关系进行了分析.结果表明,地表水与地下水水位高度相关,傍河地下水水位与离河距离、河水水位关系表达式为:z=-5.9254-0.0003x 1.2110y,地表水与地下水水质的Cl-离子、NH3-N相关性良好.可见濉河地表水污染对傍河浅层地下水污染有着积极的影响.     

傍河地下水水源地的若干问题

1傍河地下水水源地的特征在紧靠常年性河流旁侧建立的地下水水源地称为傍河地下水水源地，它具有如下特征；1）供水的水量和水质都可得到保证。地表河水入渗补给量成为开采水量的主要部分。河水对水源地的补给状态可分为稳定补给和周期性补给。前者河水常年不断流，且流量充沛，河床渗透性能好。后者地表河水的补给是周期性或断续性的，枯水期需动用傍河含水层的储存量进行调节。2）傍河的含水层，般由第四系的更新统和全新统地层构成，河流由上游到下游，傍河含水层的颗粒由粗到细。山间河谷和盆地含水层一般为砾卵石、粗砂层，山前冲洪积…     

黄河下游地上悬河段开采条件下侧渗量变化研究

本文主要通过模型的方法定量研究黄河下游悬河段地下水与黄河关系。在黄河影响带水文地质条件分析的基础上,将黄河作为地下水系统的混合边界条件处理,运用地下水模型软件FEFLOW建立研究区地下水流模拟模型。以模型为工具,重点评价了原阳水源地规划开采规模为40×104m3 d情况下,地下水流场和动态的变化趋势,计算了黄河侧渗量的变化情况。结果表明,地下水流场在开采10年后趋于稳定,地下水最大水位降深为20m,激发黄河水对地下水为补给量为1 02×108m3 a,占水源地开采量的69 7%。本研究还计算了8个规划新建和扩建傍河水源地条件下地下水变化趋势和黄河侧渗量的增加量。研究表明,黄河对于研究区地下水可再生能力的提高具有重要意义,规划新建和扩建傍河水源地新增地下水开采量4 86×108m3 a是有保证的。     

地下水应急开采对郑州市傍河水源地的影响

傍河水源地是郑州市重要的地下水供水水源.在出现极端干旱或极端事故(如水质污染)的条件下,傍河水源地将启动应急开采满足城市供水的需要.通过建立郑州市350m深度内松散岩类孔隙水地下水数值模拟模型,对黄河水位下降情况下的地下水应急开采方案进行了预测,分析了应急开采对黄河侧向补给的影响及傍河水源地地下水位的演变趋势.结果表明,应急开采方案下激发了黄河的侧向补给,一年的预测期末傍河水源地没有出现地下水位持续下降、降落漏斗进一步扩大的问题.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.